content... Flashcards
(16 cards)
What is globalisation?
Increasing interdependence between countries through flows of capital, trade, goods and services
What are reasons for increasing globalisation/shrinking of modern world?
International migration
Americanisation/westernisation
Trade blocs
IGO
World media
Online purchasing
TNCs
Technology
Important innovations increasing globalisation
19th/20th
Steam power - Britain led, movement of goods
Jet aircraft
Containerisation
Telegraph
21st
Telephones
Broadband and fibre optics
GPS
Internet
What impacts globalisation (PEE)
Political - agenda may limit flow of people, corruption means money not invested
Economic - LEDCs cannot invest in infrastructure, incentives for TNCs
Env - landlocked cannot be independent as they rely on their neighbours, physical resources, climate change
IGOs
IMF - loans money to poorer devp nations but req country to open up its
markets and industries, TNCs can enter market more easily
World bank - loans money to devp nations with aim of improving devpment
WTO - liberalise trade by removing tariffs, subsidies and quotas
KOF Index
measures globalisation of countries for political, economic and social indicators
Measured on a scale from 1 - 100, where 100 is the most globalised
AT Kearney Index
Measure of globalised cities
Considers political, communication, technology and political factors
Attitudes and actions of govts promoting globalisation
Free market liberalisation
Privatisation
Encouraging business start ups
FDI
Attitudes and actions of govts hindering globalisation
Censorship
Limiting migration
Trade protectionism
Simple measures
GNI -value of goods and services by a country, takes into account overseas earnings
PPP - expenditure of a country’s population and reflects the cost of living
Income per capita - mean average income per person
GDP - total value of goods and services produced in a country
Composite measures
Economic Sector Balance - describes the composition of a country’s industry
GII - measures female participation and treatment within
society
HDI - measure of social devp (LE, GDP/cap, lit level, avg yrs in school)
What are free trade blocs?
Reduce restrictions on the flow of capital and goods
What is glocalisation?
Adaptation of goods/services by a TNC to meet local needs/tastes
What is cultural erosion?
Reduction/change to culture due to a new culture
What are transition towns?
Aim to support local economies and they promote
-reducing consumption through reusing and recycling
-reducing waste, pollution and environmental damage
-meeting local needs through local production
What is fairtrade?
-aims to secure better pay to producers and growers
