CONTENT

Question 1

What are hormones produced by?

Answer 1

Endocrine glands

Question 2

How do hormones travel through the body?

Answer 2

via the bloodstream

Question 3

What is the purpose of hormones?

Answer 3

They travel around their body until they reach their target organs. Each hormone causes its target organ(s) to respond, e.g. by releasing another chemical substance. Different hormones have different target organs and cause different substances.

Question 4

From where are TRH and CRH secreted?

Answer 4

hypothalamus

Question 5

From where is TSH secreted?

Answer 5

pituitary gland

Question 6

From where is ADH secreted?

Answer 6

pituitary gland

Question 7

From where are FSH and LH secreted?

Answer 7

pituitary gland

Question 8

From where are insulin and glucagon secreted?

Answer 8

pancreas

Question 9

From where is adrenalin secreted?

Answer 9

adrenal gland

Question 10

From where are progesterone and oestrogen secreted?

Answer 10

ovaries

Question 11

From where is testosterone secreted?

Answer 11

testes

Question 12

From where is thyroxine secreted?

Answer 12

thyroid gland

Question 13

What is the target organ of TRH and CRH?

Answer 13

pituitary gland

Question 14

What is the target organ of TSH?

Answer 14

thyroid gland

Question 15

What is the target organ of ADH?

Answer 15

kidney

Question 16

What is the target organ of FSH and LH?

Answer 16

ovaries

Question 17

What are the target organs of insulin and glucagon?

Answer 17

liver, muscles, adipose tissue

Question 18

What are the target organs of adrenalin?

Answer 18

various organs e.g. heart, liver, blood vessels

Question 19

What is the target organ of progesterone?

Answer 19

uterus

Question 20

What are the target organs of oestrogen?

Answer 20

ovaries, uterus, pituitary gland

Question 21

What are the target organs of testosterone?

Answer 21

male reproductive organs

Question 22

What are the target organs of thyroxine?

Answer 22

all cells

Question 23

What is adrenaline?

Answer 23

Adrenalin is a hormone that is released from the adrenal glands in response to sudden stress. It brings out the ‘fight or flight’ response

Question 24

What does adrenalin do?

Answer 24

• increases heart rate
• constricts some blood vessels to make blood pressure higher
• dilates other blood vessels to increase blood flow to muscles
• causes the liver to convert glycogen to glucose, which is released into the blood

Question 25

What is thyroxine?

Answer 25

Thyroxine is a hormone that controls metabolic rate. This is the rate at which the cells respire. It is measured as the rate energy transfers in the body. The production of thyroxine is an example of negative feedback.

Question 26

How does thyroxine control metabolic rate?

Answer 26

When the concentration of thyroxine in the blood is too low, this stimulates a corrective mechanism. The hypothalamus secretes more TRH which causes the pituitary to produce more TSH. As a result, the thyroid produces more thyroxine. If the thyroxine concentration is too high, this inhibits TRH production by the hypothalamus, so less thyroxine is produced

Question 27

What is menstruation?

Answer 27

Menstruation is the breakdown of the uterus lining

Question 28

What happens during week 1 of the menstrual cycle?

Answer 28

The uterus lining breaks down, this usually lasts for the first 5 days of the menstrual cycle

Question 29

What happens during week 2 of the menstrual cycle?

Answer 29

The lining of the uterus is gradually built up. Ovulation is the release of an egg from an ovary. This usually takes place around day 14

Question 30

What happens between weeks 2-3 of the menstrual cycle?

Answer 30

Days 14-16 are the days when fertilisation is most likely to take place.

Question 31

What happens to the uterus lining if fertilisation takes place?

Answer 31

If fertilisation occurs, the uterus lining remains thick so that the embryo can embed in the lining and obtain the nutrients that it needs.

Question 32

What happens between weeks 3-4 of the menstrual cycle?

Answer 32

The lining of the uterus continues to build up

Question 33

What happens during week 4 of the menstrual cycle?

Answer 33

If fertilisation takes place then the uterus lining is maintained and the breakdown does not happen