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Content Flashcards

1
Q

6 Ps of social media use

A 
Professional
Positive
Patient/person free
Protect yourself
Privacy
Pause before you post
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2
Q

Steps of Gibbs Reflective Cycle (1998)

A

Description, feelings, evaluation, analysis, conclusion, action plan

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3
Q

Stephenson’s framework (1994) example questions

A

Choose a situation and ask yourself:

  • What was my role?
  • What actions did I take?
  • How could I have improved the situation?
  • What can I change in the future?
  • Do I feel as if I have learnt anything new about myself?
  • Did I expect anything different to happen?
  • Has this situation changed my way of thinking?
  • What knowledge can I apply to this situation?
  • What broader issues arise from this situation? What do I think about these?
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4
Q

John’s model for structured reflection

A
  1. Phenomenon:
    describe the experience
  2. Causal:
    what essential factors contributed to this experience?
  3. Context:
    what are the significant background factors to this experience?
  4. Reflection:
    What was I trying to achieve?
    Why did I intervene as I did?
    What were the consequences to everyone involved?
    How did I feel abt this experience when it was happening?
  5. Alternative actions:
    What other choices did I have? What would those consequences be?
  6. Learning:
    How do I feel about this experience?
    Could I have dealt w it better?
    What have I learnt?
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5
Q

De Bono’s Six Hats

A
  1. White: information
  2. Red: feelings, intuition and emotion
  3. Black: caution
  4. Yellow: values and benefits
  5. Green: growth, energy and life
  6. Blue: the thinking process
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6
Q

Tanners Clinical judgement model (2006)

A 
Introduction
Background
Noticing
Interpreting
Responding
Reflection-in-action
Reflection-on-action and clinical learning
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7
Q

What are the rights of health practitioners?

A

The right:

  1. Not to be unfairly dismissed or punished
  2. To question an employers instructions
  3. To receive compensation for work-related accidents
  4. To a fair hearing before any adverse action is taken
  5. Not to be discriminated against on the grounds of race, gender, disability, age, sexuality, and other grounds
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8
Q

What is the Nursing Council of NZ and what is its primary function?

A

Is the regulatory authority responsible for the registration of nurses.
Primary function is to protect the health and safety of members of the public by ensuring that nurses are competent and fit to practice.

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9
Q

What is the HPCA (2003) responsible for? Can nurses be disciplined under this Act? If so, how?

A
  1. Ensuring that nurses are:
    Fit to practice (incl. competence),
    Educated,
    Registered; and
    Maintaining their annual practising certificate
  2. Yes
  3. Through the Health Practitioners Disciplinary Tribunal, which has the right to remove registration
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10
Q

What is the primary intention of the health practitioner’s disciplinary tribunal?

A

to protect the public, and set and maintain standards w/in the profession

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11
Q

Purpose of the ‘Code of Health and Disability Services Consumers Rights (1996)’ Act

A

To promote and protect the rights of health consumers and disability services consumers, and to facilitate the fair, simple, speedy, and efficient resolution of complaints relating to infringements of those rights

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12
Q

The 10 rights of health consumers

A

The right to:

  1. Respect
  2. Fair treatment
  3. Dignity and independence
  4. Proper standards
  5. Effective communication
  6. Be fully informed
  7. make informed choices and give informed consent
  8. Support
  9. Rights when taking part in research and teaching
  10. Complain
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13
Q

3 legal elements of consent

A
  1. Consent must be freely given and not coerced
  2. Consent must be given by the consumer or, where applicable, by any person who is entitled to consent on that consumer’s behalf
  3. Consent must be obtained in accordance w such requirements as prescribed in the code
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14
Q

What does the Privacy Act (1993) control? How is this different from the Health Information Privacy Code (1994)?

A
  1. Controls how “agencies” collect, use, disclose, store and give access to “personal information”
  2. The HIPCs do the same, but they apply to specific areas - particularly health, telecommunications and credit reporting
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15
Q

What are the 12 Privacy rules for health professionals according to the HIPC (1994)?

A
  1. Purpose of collection
  2. Source of
  3. Collection from individual
  4. Manner of collection
  5. Storage and security of
  6. Access to
  7. Correction of
  8. Accuracy of
  9. Retention of
  10. Limits on use of
  11. Limits on disclosure of
  12. Unique identifiers
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16
Q

What does the Human Rights Act (1993) protect people in NZ from?

A

Discrimination in a number of areas of life.

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17
Q

Health and Safety at Work Act (2015):

  • What are we all working towards?
  • How?
A
  • A significant reduction in serious injury, illness and death from work
  • Through: targeting risk, working together, working smarter, and working safer
18
Q

Misuse of Drugs Act (1975):

  • Includes what types of drugs?
  • Defines what?
A
  • Controlled and non-controlled drugs

- Defines illegal drugs, possession, and supply

19
Q

Medicines Act (1981):

  • Regulates what?
  • Permits what?
A
  • Regulates the use and manufacture of medicines
  • Permits administration of prescription medicines only in accordance w the direction of the authorised prescriber who prescribed it, or accordingly a standing order
20
Q

What are some measures you should take when administering a medicine, to ensure you have an understanding of the drug’s therapeutic purpose and justifying its use and/or to protect patients from harm due to negligent handling/administration?

A
  • Insist on proper prescribing
  • Question the prescriber
  • Refuse to prepare medicines in advance
  • Check expiries
  • Check for interactions
21
Q

What are the four principle elements that outline the standards of ethical conduct as determined by the ICN code of ethics for nurses?

A
  1. Nurses and people:
    In providing care, the nurse promotes an environment in which the human rights, values, customs and spiritual beliefs of the individual, family and community are respected.
  2. Nurses and practice:
    The nurse carries personal responsibility and accountability for nursing practice, and for maintaining competence by continual
    learning.
  3. Nurses and the profession:
    The nurse assumes the major role in determining and
    implementing acceptable standards of clinical nursing practice, management, research and education
  4. Nurses and co-workers:
    The nurse sustains a collaborative and respectful relationship with co-workers in nursing and other fields. The nurse takes appropriate action to safeguard individuals,
    families and communities when their health is endangered by a co-worker or any other person.
22
Q

What does bioethics represent?

A

Ethics in healthcare. The primary approach is the rights and duties of patents and health care professionals

23
Q

What is moral agency?

A

The ability to behave in an ethical way.

24
Q

What is ethical competence?

A

The precondition to providing quality healthcare; essentially to “be” ethical, and having the ability to recognise ethical issues

25
Q

What are the principles of ethics?

A
  1. Veracity: telling the truth
  2. Autonomy: respecting patient’s self-determination, i.e. obtaining consent, accepting refusal of treatment, confidentiality, etc.
  3. Beneficence: taking action in order to benefit others
  4. Non-maleficence: refraining from action to prevent harm upon others
  5. Justice: being fair
  6. Fidelity: loyalty to maintaining a duty of care, do what you say you’re going to do
26
Q

What is utilitarianism ethics?

A

Dictates that we should choose the best overall consequences for everyone involved

27
Q

What is deontology ethics?

A

Duty is the basis of all moral action, regardless of the consequences.

28
Q

What is conscientious objection?

A

Refusal to perform a legal role or responsibility because of moral or other personal beliefs

29
Q

How must nurses give contraception advice?

A

In a sensitive and non-judgemental manner, guided by the principles of ethical decision making, regardless of their own feelings on the topic

30
Q

What is consent?
Is there an age of consent? According to what?
Are all consumers presumed competent to make an informed choice and give informed consent?

A
  • The legal expression of the moral principle of autonomy
  • No age of consent under the Code of Health and Disability Services Consumers’ Rights
  • Yes
31
Q

What is Gillick competence?

A

Minors may authorize medical treatment when they are old enough and mature enough to decide for themselves

32
Q

What 3 stages do children pass through in their journey to becoming an adult?

A
  1. The ‘child of tender years’
  2. The ‘Gillick competent’ child
  3. Young persons aged 16 and 17 years old who are able to consent to treatment as if they ‘were of full age’
33
Q

How do we assess competence?

A

A person is competent if they:

  1. Can comprehend and retain the necessary info abt the procedure or treatment
  2. Is able to believe it
  3. Is able to weigh the information, balancing risks and needs, and so arrive at a choice
34
Q

What legal protection is there for nurses today who make the decision to whistleblow?

A

Protected Disclosures Act (2000), which protects employees who make serious allegations, against prosecution from their employer, as long as they make the allegations via appropriate channels.
- Does NOT protect those who disclose to the media

35
Q

What is whistleblowing?

A

Action taken by a nurse who goes outside the organisation for the public’s best interest when it is unresponsive to reporting the danger through the organisations proper channels

36
Q

What are some PROs of whistleblowing?

A
  • protects patients
  • improves quality of care
  • satisfies ethical duty
  • brings problems out into the open
37
Q

Which nursing council competencies relate to ethics?

A

Domain 1 professional responsibility
- Competency 1.1 accepts responsibility for ensuring that his/her nursing practice ad conduct meet the standards o the professional, ethical and relevant legislated requirements

Domain 2 Management of nursing care
- Competency 2.4 ensures the health consumer has adequate explanation of the effects, consequences and alternatives of proposed treatment options

38
Q

What is moral integrity?

A

Quality of character; following a moral purpose in life, committed to following through w moral obligations w/out restraints

39
Q

What is moral courage? What are the 5 core values associated w it?

A
  • Having the courage to be moral/to take actions for moral reasons despite the risks of adverse consequences.
  • Honesty, respect, responsibility, fairness, and kindness
40
Q

Critical reasoning cycle stages; how does this fit in with ethical decision making?

A

When you need to carefully think through the ethical and legal aspects of a situation

  1. Consider the patient situation
  2. Collect cues/info
  3. Process info
  4. Identify problems/cues
  5. Establish goal/s
  6. Take action
  7. Evaluate outcomes
  8. Reflect on the process and new learning
41
Q

What factors define euthanasia?

A 
Intentionality
Suffering and evidence of suffering
Reasons for death and the means of death
Painlessness
Non-fetal humanity
42
Q

What is the NZ Health Research Council (HRC) responsible for?
Establish under what Act?

A

Under the Health Research Council Act 1990

  • Managing the Governments investment in health research
  • Providing advice and accrediting health and disability ethics committees and institutional ethics committees
  • Monitoring the safety of large clinical trials and new use of medicines in trials

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