Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

PR - GENITO-URINARY TRACT SYSTEM > CONTRACEPTION > Flashcards

CONTRACEPTION Flashcards

(49 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Children <16

A

Can supply to children under 16 without parental consent if they meet fraser guidelines

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Fraser guidelines

A

Understands Drs advice
Cannot be persuaded to inform her parents
Very likely to continue having sex
Unless she receives contraception her mental + physical health will suffer
In her best interests to provide treatment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Types of non-hormonal contraception

A

barrier methods
spermicidal contraceptives
IUDs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Barrier methods

A

condoms, diaphragms, cervical caps
vaseline, baby oil etc can damage these methods

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Spermicidal contraceptives

A

used in addition only

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

IUDs

A

copper coil
contraindicated in PID or unexplained vaginal bleeding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Progesterone only contraceptives examples

A

levonorgestrel
norethisterone
desogestrel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

MOA of POC

A

1) thickening of the cervical mucus
2) suppression of ovulation
3) changes in the uterine lining

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

POC pill free

A

There is no pill free period with these
Daily

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the adverse effects with taking the ‘progesterone-only pill’?

A
  • weight increase
  • breast tenderness
  • libido changes
  • mood changes
  • ovarian cysts
  • skin reactions
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What additional precautions need to be taken with POCs?

A

No additional precautions needed if started within first 5 days of cycle
Need 2 days precaution if taken after that

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

When should POCs be taken?

A

Taken at the same time each day for maximum efficacy
* Desogestrel needs to be taken within 12 hours otherwise considered missed pill
* Other POP’s need to be taken within 3 hours otherwise considered missed pill

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

When is POC considered a missed pill?

A
  • Desogestrel needs to be taken within 12 hours otherwise considered missed pill
  • Other POP’s need to be taken within 3 hours otherwise considered missed pill
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Desogestrel missed dose

A

missed pill = 12h late
- Take pill ASAP -
- Take the next pill normally even if it means taking 2 pills in 24 hours -
- AVOID SI or use the barrier method for TWO DAYS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Drugs which interact with POC

A
  • Griseofluvin - effectiveness of POP may be reduced
  • Ulipristal - effectiveness may be reduced
  • REMEMBER ‘CRAPPS’ ENZYME INDUCERS! Carbamazepine, Rifampicin, Aprepitant, Phenytoin, Phenobarbital,
  • St John’s Wort - reduce effectiveness of POPs
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

When is POP considered missed?

A

Considered missed if >12 hours for desogestrel or > 3 hours for rest

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Missed POP

A

Take pill as soon as you remember
Take the next pill at the usual time (can mean 2 in a day)
Need protection till 48 hours of pills are taken correctly (7 for desogestrel)
Need emergency contraception if UPSI happened between missed pill and 2 days after restarting medication

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What should be done if a patient is taking a progesterone-only pill alongside an enzyme-inducing drug e.g., carbamazepine or phenobarbital?

A

additional barrier method is recommended, during taking and for 28 days after!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Parenteral POCs examples

A

Injections
Implants

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

POC injection

Study These Flashcards
A

Depot medroxyprogesterone acetate
99.8% effective in correct usage
every 13 weeks

21
Q

How effective is the depo injection?

Study These Flashcards
A

99.8% effective in correct usage

22
Q

How long does the depo injection last?

Study These Flashcards
A
  • Lasts up to 3 years
23
Q

Side effects of depo injection

Study These Flashcards
A
  • Loss of bone density may occur
  • Delayed return to fertility of up to one year after treatment cessation
24
Q

POC Implant

Study These Flashcards
A

Etonogesterel (Nexplanon)
99.95% effective in correct usage
* Lasts up to 3 years
MHRA Warning: neurovascular injury and migration of the implant - remove ASAP

25
How effective is nexplanon
99.95% effective in correct usage
26
How long does nexplanon last?
3 years
27
MHRA Warning: implant
neurovascular injury and migration of the implant - remove ASAP
28
29
MHRA Warning: nexplanon
neurovascular injury and migration of the implant - remove ASAP
30
Combined hormonal contraceptives examples
Tablets Patches Vaginal rings
31
Combined hormonal contraceptives
Not given in 50 yrs + of age as safer alternatives exist
32
CHC health benefits
- reduces risk of ovarian, endometrial and colorectal cancer - aligns bleeding patterns - reduces dysmenorrhoea and menorrhagia - manages symptoms of PCOs, endometriosis and PMS - improves acne - reduces menopausal symptoms - maintains bones density in peri-menopausal females under 50
33
What age can contraception be given
* COC: mena – 49 * POC: mena – 54
34
When to avoid CHCs
- hypertension - 35 + and smoke - women with multiple risk factors for CV - migraine with aura - new onset migraine with aura during use of CHC
35
Risk factors for CV
- diabetes - dislipidaemia - high BMI over 30 - smoking - hypertension
36
Monophasic COC
fixed amount of an oestrogen and progestogen in each active tablet
37
Multiphasic COC
varying amounts of 2 hormones
38
Oestrogen
ethinylestradiol mestranol estradiol
39
Switching to a CHC
From CHC - no additional contraception needed From POP - 7 days extra precaution From LNG-IUD - 7 days extra precaution needed From Copper IUD - if CHC started up to day 5 of menstrual cycle - no additional needed If started after day 5 - 7 days extra
40
Switching from CHC to others
Week 1 (or day 3-7 of hormone free interval) + No UPSI since start of HFI * Cu-lUD - no extra precaution * POP - 2 days precautions Others - 7 days precaution Week 1 (or day 3-7 of hormone free interval) + UPSI since start of HFI * Carry on with CHC until 7 consecutives days taken Then act as week 2 or 3 Week 2 or 3 - no extra precaution needed
41
Reasons to stop taking CHC (urgent!!)
- calf pain, swelling and or redness (DVT) - chest pain/ breathlessness and/or coughing up blood (PE) - loss of motor of sensory function (stroke) - severe stomach pain (hepatotoxicity) - very high bp (haemorrhagic stroke)
42
Other reasons to stop
Medical Review or to Seek Advice: Signs of breast cancer (lump, nipple pain) New onset migraine Persistent unscheduled vaginal bleeding High blood pressure High BMI (>35 kg/m2) * DVT or PE * Blood clotting abnormality * Angina, heart attack, stroke or peripheral vascular disease * Atrial fibrillation Cardiomyopathy
43
CHC and surgery
Discontinued at least 4 weeks prior for: - major elective surgery, any surgery to the legs or pelvis - surgery that involves prolonged immobilisation of a lower limb - CHC recommended 2 weeks after full remobilisation - If discontinuation is not possible (trauma not elective), consider thromboprophylaxis
44
Side effects of hormonal contraceptives
headaches unschedule bleeding mood change weight gain libido change
45
When do the missed pill rules apply
patient omits or has vomited / had diarrhoea within 2 hours of taking COC or POP - take another one ASAP to aim to be within time period additional methods for 48h after
46
Misses CHC
Late start after HFI (> 9 days since last active pill) - emergency contraception if UPSI occurred - take immediately and use condom till 7 consecutive days taken 1 missed pill (48-72 hrs since last active pill) - Take ASAP - no further action needed (if previous 7 active pills consistent) 2 + missed pills (72 hours since last active pill) - Week 1 of cycle: consider emergency contraception if UPSI happened within HFI and week 1. Take ASAP and use condom till 7 consecutive dose taken - Week 2-3 of cycle: no emergency contraception needed - take ASAP. 7 days condom - If 2+ pills missed in 7 days before HFI carry on taking pill throughout HFI
47
Late start after HFI (> 9 days since last active pill)
- emergency contraception if UPSI occurred - take immediately and use condom till 7 consecutive days taken
48
1 missed pill (48-72 hrs since last active pill)
- Take ASAP - no further action needed (if previous 7 active pills consistent)
49
2 + missed pills (72 hours since last active pill)
- Week 1 of cycle: consider emergency contraception if UPSI happened within HFI and week 1. Take ASAP and use condom till 7 consecutive dose taken - Week 2-3 of cycle: no emergency contraception needed - take ASAP. 7 days condom - If 2+ pills missed in 7 days before HFI carry on taking pill throughout HFI

PR - GENITO-URINARY TRACT SYSTEM (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions