Contraception Flashcards
(26 cards)
Give two types of emergency contraception
Intrauterine Device (coil) Emergency contraceptive pill (morning after pill)
Give two examples of emergency contraceptive pills
Levonelle - synthetic version of progesterone
EllaOne - contains ulipristal acetate, a progesterone antagonist
When must an IUD be inserted in order to provide effective emergency contraception?
Can be inserted up to 120 hours (5 days) after unprotected sex, or up to 5 days after earliest time of ovulation
When must Levonelle be taken in order to provide effective emergency contraception?
Must be taken within 72 hours of unprotected sex / earliest time of ovulation
When must EllaOne be taken in order to provide effective emergency contraception?
Must be taken within 120 hours (5 days) of unprotected sex / earliest time of ovulation
What are the contraindications for inserting an IUD as emergency contraception?
Untreated STI / pelvic infection
Some uterus/cervix anatomical abnormalities
Unexplained vaginal bleeding
?heart conditions
What are the contraindications to giving EllaOne as an emergency contraceptive?
Asthma that is treated with steroids
Allergy to drug
Taking other medications such as those for TB, HIV or epilepsy, or omeprazole
What hormone(s) are administered by the hormonal coil (intrauterine system, IUS)?
Progesterone only
What hormone(s) are administered by the contraceptive implant?
Progesterone only
What hormones are including in combined hormonal contraceptive methods such as the combined oral contraceptive pill?
Ethinyl oestradiol (EE) Progesterone (usually a synthetic version)
What hormone(s) are administered by the contraceptive patch?
Combined: Ethinyl oestradiol (EE) and progesterone
What hormone(s) are administered by the vaginal ring?
Combined: Ethinyl oestradiol (EE) and progesterone
What non-hormonal contraceptive methods are available?
Copper coil - lasts for ten years
Barrier methods:
- condoms
- diaphragm/cap with spermicide
How long does the hormonal coil last for?
5 years or 3 years, depending on type
How often must progesterone injections be given?
every 12 - 13 weeks
How long does the contraceptive implant last for?
3 years
Describe the mechanism of action of combined hormonal contraceptive methods
Main mechanism: prevent ovulation
Also have some effect of thickening cervical mucous and thinning the endometrial lining
Describe the mechanism of action of the progesterone injections
Prevent ovulation
Also thicken cervical mucus and thin endothelial lining
Describe the mechanism of action of the progesterone-only pill
Main mechanism: thicken the cervical mucus
Sometimes prevent ovulation
Describe the mechanism of action of the IUS (hormonal coil)
Main mechanism: thicken the cervical mucus
Sometimes prevent ovulation
Give three mechanisms of hormonal contraceptive methods
Prevent ovulation
Thicken cervical mucus
Thin endothelial lining
What procedure permanently sterilises males?
Vasectomy - vas deferens are cut, blocked or sealed
What procedures permanently sterilise females?
Tubal occlusion - clips/rings used to block fallopian tubes Fallopian implant (essure) - this has been discontinued in the UK!
What are the potential complications of a vasectomy?
Sperm granuloma (very painful)
