Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Common conditions > Contraception advice > Flashcards

Contraception advice Flashcards

(71 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

What are barrier methods of contraception?

A

Barrier methods provide a physical barrier to semen entering the uterus

Male and female condoms - help prevent against STD’s

Diaphragms and cervical caps fit over cervix and used with a spermicide gel - need to be put in 3 hours before sex or 6 hours after sex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the COCP and first line example?

A

COCP contains progesterone and oestrogen. First line is Microgynon containing levonorgestrel (lowers risk of venous thromboembolism)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the mechanism of COCP?

A
  • Prevents ovulation
  • Increases cervical mucus (mechanical barrier to sperm)
  • Thins endothelium (reduces chance of implantation)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the two types of COCP and treatment course?

A

Monophasic - the same levels of hormones in each pill, 21 day pills followed by 7 days off

Multiphasic - varying levels of hormones in each pill to match hormonal cycle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Benefits of using COCP?

A
  • Reduces risk of ovarian, colon and endometrial cancer

- relieves premenstrual symptoms e.g. dysmenorrhoea and menorrhagia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

CI of COCP?

A
  • Hypertensive
  • if suffering migraine with aura (stroke risk)
  • smoking and aged over 35
  • history of VTE (Hormones increases the risk of thrombotic diseases such as deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism and stroke)
  • CVD
  • breast feeding
  • current breast cancer
  • liver disease
  • BMI >35
  • Pregnancy
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Side effects of COCP?

A

Progestogens cause: headache and breast tenderness

Oestrogen: nausea and vomiting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is POP?

A

Progesterone only pill, taken everyday (no break) e.g. cerazette.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

2 types of POP and treatment course?

A

Take daily at same time each day with no breaks.

Traditional POP (3hour pill) - must be taken within 3 hour time frame each day

Desogestrel POP (12hour pill) - must be taken within 12 hour time frame each day

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Benefits of POP?

A

-Can be taken by those breast feeding, CVS risk, smokers aged >35 years (in those CI to COCP)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Side effects of POP?

A
  • Unscheduled, irregular bleeding (oligomenorrhoea)
  • breast tenderness and acne
  • risk of ectopic pregnancy
  • risk of ovarian cysts
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the contraceptive injection and example?

A

Progesterone only injection, example is Depo-Provera,

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the mechanism of contraceptive injection, contraceptive implant, POP?

A
  • Thickens cervical mucus

- Thins endometrium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Two main side effects of of contraceptive injection?

A
  • Risk of osteoporosis so must be stopped before 50 years

- weight gain.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what contraception would you give to someone with risk of breast cancer?

A

Avoid hormonal contraception e.g. COCP can increase risk of breast cancer,

Give IUD e.g. copper coil

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the progesterone implant and example?

A

Contains progestogen, small implant that goes into upper arm, example is implanon.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Benefits of contraceptive implant?

A
  • lasts for 3 years

- improves painful periods

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Side effects of progesterone implants?

A
  • Minor surgery
  • bruising, infection
  • irregular menstrual bleeding
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is IUS and an example?

A

Intrauterine system that contains progestogen only, example is Mirena coil

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Benefits of IUS over other types?

A
  • lasts for 5 years

- improves painful periods

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Side effects of IUS?

A
  • coil insertion risk
  • spotting in first few months
  • risk of expulsion
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is the IUD and example?

A

Intrauterine device containing only copper, copper coil

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Mechanism of IUD?

A

Copper is toxic to ovum and sperm, reduces likelihood of implantation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Benefits of IUD?

A
  • No hormone so can be used for women at risk of breast cancer
  • can be used for women at risk of VTE
  • lasts for 5 years
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Side effects of IUD?
- Can cause menorrhagia - can cause ectopic pregnancy if pregnant and on IUD - risk of expulsion
26
Examples of emergency contraception and time frames?
1st line - IUD is most effective (99%), must be taken within 5 days hours after sex or within 5 days of estimated ovulation (CYCLE LENGTH minus 14) Levonorgestrel (containing only progesterone) - taken within 72 hours after sex (85%) Ulipristal acetate (anti-progesterone) e.g. Ellaone - taken within 120 hours after sex, anytime before day 19 (on a 28day cycle).
27
What must be remembered for dosage of levonorgestrel?
BMI over 26 must double dose of patient.
28
What is the action of levonorgestrel?
Inhibits ovulation and sperm migration.
29
What are the side effects of levonergestrel?
Causes nausea and vomiting but no long term side effects.
30
What contraception can be used post natal straight away?
Condoms, progesterone containing contraception e.g. contraceptive implant, POP and contraceptive injection
31
Examples of sterilisation techniques?
Female sterilisation involves tubal occlusion where fallopian tubes are cut, this is permanent. Male sterilisation involves vasectomy where vas deferens tube that carry sperm are cut.
32
Contraception to women under 20 years?
COCP and POP are unaffected by age, POP implant is long-acting reversible contraception. Coils will have risk of expulsion, contraceptive injection reduces bone density so not good for bone development.
33
What is infertility definition?
Failure to conceive after regular sex for 2 years.
34
Initial Mx for infertility?
Check day 21 progesterone and semen analysis
35
Advice for infertility?
Stress management, 2-3 weekly intercourse, healthy BMI, avoid smoking and excess alcohol, 400mcg folic acid, OTC medication ibuprofen can interfere
36
What is abortion?
Ending of pregnancy up to 24th week. Two medical practitioners must sign to declare abortion.
37
What is the medication used for abortion?
Oral mifepristone followed by misoprostol.
38
How to calculate EDD?
First day of LMP + 9 months and 7 days
39
What is gravida and para?
Gravida - no. of pregnancies (gravidity) Para - no. of pregnancies/children surpassing 24 weeks.
40
What is the first stage of labour?
From the onset of labour (true contractions) until 10cm cervical dilatation, split into latent phase 0-3cm dilation and irregular contractions, active phase 3-7cm with regular contractions.
41
What is the second stage of labour?
From 10cm cervical dilatation until delivery of the baby
42
What is the third stage of labour?
From delivery of baby until delivery of placenta.
43
What is placental previa?
Placental previa is placenta located in lower section of uterus overlying cervical os
44
What are the causes of antepartum haemorrhage?
Placental abruption and placental previa
45
What are the effects of maternal smoking?
Increased risk of miscarriage (loss before 20 weeks), pre-term labour, still birth (after 20 weeks)
46
What are the effects of alcohol on smoking?
Foetal alcohol syndrome - learning difficulties
47
How to Mx obstetric cholestasis?
LFT's weekly monitoring and induction of labour at 37 weeks gestation.
48
What is CI of hormonal replacement therapy (oestrogen or oestrogen and progesterone)?
HRT increases the risk of thrombotic diseases such as deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism and stroke.
49
What is an indication of HRT?
Relieve menopausal symptoms e.g. hot flushes
50
What is the follicular phase?
From start of menstruation to ovulation where ovum leaves ovaries (day 1 - 14)
51
Lifespan of sperm and ovum?
Ovum 24h, sperm 5 days.
52
What is the luteal phase?
From ovulation to start of menstruation (day 15-28)
53
What is the hormone FSH?
FSH stimulates development of follicles produced by a. pituitary gland
54
What is the hormone LH?
LH triggers ovulation and LH causes a LH spike during ovulation, produced by A. pituitary gland.
55
What is the action of levonergestrel - levonelle?
Levonorgestrel disrupts and delays ovulation, only effective if taken before ovulation, no effect on implementation must use within 72h of sex.
56
What is the action of ulipristal acetate - ellaone?
Ulipristal disrupts and delays ovulation, effective taken before ovulation, must use within 120h of sex.
57
What is benefit of using IUD over oral emergency contraception?
IUD has the benefit of ongoing contraception.
58
How long can you be pregnant for and still have a positive pregnancy test?
3 weeks
59
What is the framework for oral contraception in adolescenets?
Fraser framework ``` Understanding Persuade parents Sexual intercourse Suffer (patient will be at risk if not continuing) Interest of patient ```
60
What are the red flags during consultation with adolescents?
- Sexual abuse - Non consensual sex - Age difference >5 years - Cannot give contraception <13 years - illicit drugs Contact social services and safeguarding.
61
What are the CI in POP pill?
Those with PMH of cyst or ectopic.
62
What is the treatment course of Depo-Provera?
Lasts for 3 months
63
What is the treatment course for implanon (progesterone implant)?
Lasts for 3 years
64
What is the treatment course for IUS?
Lasts for 5 years
65
What are the CI for mirena coil (IUS) and copper coil (IUD)?
- Pelvic infection - recent PID - Malignancy - recent STD - Copper allergy in IUD - Wilsons disease in IUD (excess copper)
66
What s the treatment course for IUD?
Lasts for 5 years.
67
What is the CI of ella one?
- Liver disease and asthma | - avoid during breast feeding until after a week of taking the medication
68
What are the side effects of ellaone?
painful periods mood swings back pain
69
What are the causes related to infertility that affect female ovulation?
- PCOS most common - Age - Cushings syndrome (excess cortisol) - Premature ovarian failure
70
What are the causes of infertility related to tubular, uterine, cervical problems?
- PID secondary to chlamydia or gonnorhoea - Endometriosis - Uterine or cervical damage/abnormalities
71
What are the causes of infertility related to male testicles?
- Varicoceles | - Testicular cancer

Common conditions (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions