Contracts Flashcards
What are the contract-related questions on the ARE based on?
The AIA standard contracts
What are the most commonly used main categories of AIA contracts (and the ones used in the ARE)?
B100s owner-architect agreement
B100 SPs owner-architect agreement for sustainable projects
A100s owner-contractor agreement
A100 SPs owner-contractor agreement for sutainable projects
A200s general conditions of the contract
A200 SPs general conditions of the contract for sust’ projects
A500s & B500s supplementary conditions of the contract
C400s architect-consultant agreement
architect-consultant agreement for sust’ projects
What other intitution’s standard contract is often used and in what cases?
Contracts from the Design-Build Institute of America
- Usually used for clients that have past construction experience
- Usually used for clients that have clearly defined needs (which can be explicitly stated in the contract)
Contracts by ConsensusDocs
- Developed by a consortium of almost 50 construction- and specification-industry interest groups
- Generally less favorable toward the Architect, and should therefore be reviewed by the Architect and Owner’s legal counsel before use
B101
What generally is this contract used for?
- Defines the roles of the Owner and the Architect
- Defines the scope of services of the Architect
- For standard Design-Bid-Build projects
- Not for large complex or very small projects
- Not for projects with CM roles
- Not for projects that require specialized services, such as Interior Design
B101, Article 1
What generally is included in Article 1?
“Initial Information”
- Certain information that is known at the time of execution.*
- Project Objectives
- Site Information
- Program / Use
- Owner Budget
- Owner Time Constraints (delivery, commencement, ETC)
- Key Representatives on both sides
- Owner Consultants standard: civil & geotech
- Architect Consultants structural, mechanical, electrical
- Change in Information both parties may rely on this information, but it may change, and if it does, they SHALL adjust the schedule, budget, scope of services, and/or compensation accordingly.
- BIM Information parties agree to handle BIM information according to certain rules, or otherwise to use BIM at their sole risk.
B101, Article 1
What happens if the “Initial Information” materially changes?
The Owner and Architects have agreed to appropriately adjust:
- Architect’s services
- schedule; and/or
- Architect’s compensation
The Owner has agreed to appropriately adjust:
- budget for the Cost of Work
- anticipated milestones
B101, Article 2, 3, 4
What nominally is covered in these Articles?
The Architect’s Responsibilities
Article 2 - general responsibilities
Article 3 - basic services
Article 4 - additional services
B101, Article 2
What generally is covered in this Article?
“Architect’s Responsibilities” (general responsibilities)
- Standard of Care will be followed
- Compromise of Judgement Architect will not take part in any activity or take any interest or contribution that might reasonably be seen to compromise their judgement
- Required Insurance types and amounts of insurance that the Owner and Architect must maintain
B101, Article 2
What types of insurance is the Architect typically required to have? What else is typically agreed to here?
- General Liability
- Automobile Liability
- Workers’ Compensation
- Professional Liability
- The Owner will compensate the Architect for any insurance required by this Article that is above the amount they normally maintain.*
B101, Article 3
What generally is covered in this Article?
“Scope of Architect’s Basic Services”
- Administration Services including meetings, design research, coordinating with consultants, provide progress reports
- Engineering Services to be provided by (through) the Architect
- Prepare Schedule for Owner’s approval promptly after agreement is signed
- Regulatory Approval will contact AHJs and utilities and will assist with obtaining regulatory approvals
- Maintain Schedule throughout the project, making necessary adjustments
- Evaluate Project Information such as site, program, schedule, and proposed Project Delivery Method
- Evaluate Budget and Cost of Work including an estimate of the Cost initially and t**hroughout the project
- Design Services for each of the phases
- Construction Procurement including helping the owner obtain and evaluate bids
- Contract Administration including monitoring conformance to the Contract Documents and progress reports
- Conduit for Communication between contractor / consultants and Owner is through the Architect
- Sustainable Design Alternatives will be considered, as long as they are consistent with Owner design criteria
B101, Article 3
What are the Architect’s responsibilities with respect to the Owner’s consultants?
To coordinate with the Owner’s consultants and incorporate their work into the design.
Additionally, the Architect is entitled to trust that the Owner consultant’s work is correct, but must point out if they notice any errors.
B101, Article 3
What are the Architect’s stated responsibilities with respect to scheduling?
- As soon as possible after signing the contract, provide a schedule for completing the Architect’s services.
- The schedule must allow for time for Owner reviews, Owner consultant work, and regulatory review
- It must also include the expected date for start of construction and for substantial completion
- Adjust the schedule, with Owner permission, as the project proceeds
B101, Article 3
What are the Architect’s responsibilities with respect to project administration?
- Consulting w/ Owner
- Researching Design Criteria
- Attending Meetings
- Coordinating w/ All Consultants including those retained by the Architect and by the Owner
- Giving Progress Reports in the form of memos, field reports, meeting minutes, ETC
- Scheduleing for contract-required items as well as other important items, and updating the schedule as required
What items is the Architect responsible for scheduling in addition to those explicitly stated in B101, Article 3?
- Owner Decisions that are critical to the design and schedule
- Major Milestones
- Completion of Phases
- Consultant Deadlines
- Architect Deliverable Deadlines
- Regulatory Review
- NOT Construction Schedule
B101, Article 3
What are the Architect’s responsibilities with respect to the Cost of Work
- Preliminary Estimate of th**e Cost of Work
- Update the Cost of Work throughout the project
- Regulary Evaluate the Cost of Work by comparing it to the Owner’s budget
- Make Recommendations if the CoW exceeds the budget for how to adjust the project size, quality, or budget
- NOT To Guarantee the Cost only to estimate
B101, Article 3
What are the Architect’s responsibilities with respect to planning and evaluation?
- Preliminary Evaluation of Project Information including site, program, proposed schedule, budget, and Project Delivery Method
- Inform Owner of the Impact on Quality, Cost, & Time o**f each of these
B101, Article 3
What generally are the Architects responsibilities with respect to design services?
- Carry Out the Three Design Phases SD, DD, CD
- Obtain Owner Approval at the end of each phase
- Notify the Owner of any issues or inconsistencies
- Adjust the Contract Documents to meet the Owners criteria and directives (at no extra charge, except where allowed)
- Assist in Producing Bid Documents
B101, Article 3
What are the Architects responsibilities with respect to “construction procurement”?
- Assist in Obtaining Bids / Negotiating the Cost
- Act as the Owner’s Agent
- Distribute Bid Documents
- Consider Proposals for Substitutions
- Answer Questions and Hold Pre-bid Meetings
- Distribute Addenda
B101, Article 3
What are the Architect’s responsibilities with respect to “contract administration”?
- Make Site Inspections at appropriate intervals and at major construction milestones
- Evaluate whether the construction will be in conformance with the Contract Documents
- Keep the Owner Informed as to construction progress
- Endeavor to Protect the Owner form defects in construction
- NOT to make exhaustive site visits or guarantee the construction
- Review and Respond to submittals and RFIs
- Process and Issue Certificates for Payment
mouseB101, Article 3
What/when is and is not the Architect responsible for construction methods?
Under the standard contract, the Architect is not responsible for:
- means of construction
- building techniques
- safety precautions
The only time the Architect IS responsible for these is when it is explicitly stated in the A201 (“General Conditions of the Contract for Construction”) attached to the project.
B101, Article 3
What are the Architect’s responsibilities for Schematic Design?
“Schematic Design Phase Services”
- Review Applicable Codes including local laws and regulations with respects to program and site information
- Preliminary Evaluation of the schedule, budget, proposed delivery method, program, and site
- Present and Propose Alternatives if there are issues or possible improvements
- Prepare Preliminary Design showing scale and relationships for Owner approval
- Prepare SD Documents including plans, sections, elevations, major building systems, and note of materials
- Consider Sustainable Alternatives that comply with the program, budget, and schedule.
- Prepare Estimate of the Cost of Work
B101, Article 3
What are the Architect’s responsibilities for Design Development?
“Design Development Phase Services”
- Develop the Design based on the Owner’s approval of SD documents and approved adjustments to project requirements
- Produce Documents (including plans, sections, elevations, typical construction details, layout, and diagrams) that describe:
- configuration of architectural and engineering systems*
- primary material system locations and quality levels*
- Update Estimate for the Cost of Work
B101, Article 3
What are the Architect’s responsibilities for Construction Documentation?
“Construction Documentation Phase Services”
- Develop in Detail all the systems laid out in DD
- Specifications for quality level and performance of all systems
- NOT to have to provide information to a level that the contractor will once they provide shop drawings, product submittals, samples, ETC
- Assist the Owner in preparing bid procurement information, the agreement between Owner and Contractor, and “Conditions of the Contract for Construction”
- Prepare a Manual that includes the “Conditions of the Contract for Construction and Specification”
- Comply with Requirements by the AHJ
- Update the Estimate of the Cost of Work
B101, Article 5
What generally are the Owner’s responsibilities
- Provide Program and Design Criteria
- Provide Schedule Constraints
- Provide Budget for the Cost of Work
- Furnish the Services of Consultants or authorize the Architect to obtain those services
- Provide Site Information including surveys and the services of a geotechnical engineer
- Furnish All Tests and Inspections that are required by law or by the contract
- Furnish all Legal and Financial Services that the project require