Contrast Media

Question 1

atomic number

Answer 1

number of protons in the nuclei of an element

Question 2

BUN normal range

Answer 2

7-20 mg/dL

Question 3

Bronchospasm

Answer 3

involuntary constriction of bronchial tubes

Question 4

Creatinine

Answer 4

nitrogen-containing waste products of metabolism excreted by kidney’s filtration system

Question 5

histamine

Answer 5

molecular substance containing an amine group

Question 6

ion

Answer 6

atom or molecule with a negative or positive charge

Question 7

osmolality

Answer 7

measurement of particles crowding out water molecules in a mass of water

Question 8

osmosis

Answer 8

movement of water from an area of high to low concentration

Question 9

osmolarity

Answer 9

measure of total concentration of solute particles

Question 10

pH

Answer 10

acidity or basicity of a solution

Question 11

radiopharmaceutical

Answer 11

pharmaceutical compound attached to a radioisotope

Question 12

radiolucent contrast (negative)

Answer 12

photons are easily transmitted

Question 13

Radiolucent contrast shows black on a _____________.

Answer 13

radiograph

Question 14

Radiolucent contrast shows white during _____________.

Answer 14

fluoroscopy

Question 15

radiopaque contrast (positive)

Answer 15

photons are absorbed

Question 16

Radiopaque contrast shows black during _____________.

Answer 16

fluoroscopy

Question 17

Radiopaque contrast shows white on a _____________.

Answer 17

radiograph

Question 18

fizzies

Answer 18

cause stomach to expand with air

Question 19

double contrast barium enema

Answer 19

barium is first contrast
air is second contrast

Question 20

adverse reactions to negative contrast media

Answer 20

complications are usually minimal

Question 21

adverse reactions to positive contrast media

Answer 21

constipation because barium will absorb water in the colon

Question 22

Types of water-soluble iodinated contrast media

Answer 22

ionic iodine
nonionic iodine

Question 23

atomic number for barium

Answer 23

56

Question 24

atomic number for iodine contrast

Answer 24

53

Question 25

is iodine radiolucent or radiopaque?

Answer 25

radiopaque

Question 26

Ionic iodine contrast media crosses the blood brain barrier.

Answer 26

true

Question 27

osmotic effects of ionic iodine contrast media

Answer 27

hypervolemia and blood vessel dilation due to the water from body cells moving into vascular system

Question 28

renal effects of high-osmolality (ionic iodine) contrast media

Answer 28

causes constriction of renal arteries and dilatation results in diminished blood supply to kidneys

Question 29

contraindications of ionic iodine contrast media

Answer 29

pts with renal disease or diabetes and older patients are at increased risks

Question 30

what led to the development of ionic iodine contrast media?

Answer 30

efforts to decrease the side effects of it

Question 31

What is the primary disadvantage of non-ionic iodine contrast?

Answer 31

3x more costly

Question 32

Non-ionic iodine contrast media crosses the blood brain barrier.

Answer 32

false

Question 33

Is non-ionic iodine contrast media much safer?

Answer 33

yes

Question 34

allergic-like effects of water soluble iodinated contrast media

Answer 34

hives wheezing and edema in throat and lungs bronchospasms

Question 35

anaphylactoid effects of water-soluble iodinated contrast media

Answer 35

nausea and vomiting

Question 36

What percent of reactions to contrast media occur within 5 minutes of injection?

Answer 36

70%

Question 37

contrast allergies

Answer 37

mild moderate severe

Question 38

mild contrast reactions

Answer 38

nausea/vomiting feeling flushed headache dizziness anxiety metallic taste in mouth itching pallor sweating

Question 39

moderate contrast reactions

Answer 39

symptoms similar to mild reactions, but with moderate severity and no hospitalization required

Question 40

severe contrast reactions

Answer 40

are life threatening and require intensive treatment and hospitalization death rate is less than .01%

Question 41

contraindications for water soluble iodinated contrast media

Answer 41

Glucophage therapy renal failure age allergies asthma COPD

Question 42

patient prep for UGI

Answer 42

NPO after midnight the day before study

Question 43

patient prep for barium enema

Answer 43

2 days before: clear liquids after noon 1 day before: clear liquids all day (bowel prep done) Day of: clear liquids breakfast ONLY and enema in the morning

Question 44

order contrast studies should be performed

Answer 44

1. non-contrast studies 2. lower GI (colon) studies 3. upper GI (esoph., stomach, SI)

Question 45

why should contrast studies be done in a certain order?

Answer 45

because of special considerations like patient's condition, medications, or diabetes