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RTE1000 Intro to Radiologic Science > Contrast Media > Flashcards

Contrast Media Flashcards

1
Q

atomic number

A

number of protons in the nuclei of an element

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2
Q

BUN normal range

A

7-20 mg/dL

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3
Q

Bronchospasm

A

involuntary constriction of bronchial tubes

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4
Q

Creatinine

A

nitrogen-containing waste products of metabolism excreted by kidney’s filtration system

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5
Q

histamine

A

molecular substance containing an amine group

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6
Q

ion

A

atom or molecule with a negative or positive charge

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7
Q

osmolality

A

measurement of particles crowding out water molecules in a mass of water

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8
Q

osmosis

A

movement of water from an area of high to low concentration

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9
Q

osmolarity

A

measure of total concentration of solute particles

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10
Q

pH

A

acidity or basicity of a solution

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11
Q

radiopharmaceutical

A

pharmaceutical compound attached to a radioisotope

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12
Q

radiolucent contrast (negative)

A

photons are easily transmitted

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13
Q

Radiolucent contrast shows black on a _____________.

A

radiograph

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14
Q

Radiolucent contrast shows white during _____________.

A

fluoroscopy

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15
Q

radiopaque contrast (positive)

A

photons are absorbed

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16
Q

Radiopaque contrast shows black during _____________.

A

fluoroscopy

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17
Q

Radiopaque contrast shows white on a _____________.

A

radiograph

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18
Q

fizzies

A

cause stomach to expand with air

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19
Q

double contrast barium enema

A

barium is first contrast
air is second contrast

20
Q

adverse reactions to negative contrast media

A

complications are usually minimal

21
Q

adverse reactions to positive contrast media

A

constipation because barium will absorb water in the colon

22
Q

Types of water-soluble iodinated contrast media

A

ionic iodine
nonionic iodine

23
Q

atomic number for barium

A

56

24
Q

atomic number for iodine contrast

A

53

25
Q

is iodine radiolucent or radiopaque?

A

radiopaque

26
Q

Ionic iodine contrast media crosses the blood brain barrier.

A

true

27
Q

osmotic effects of ionic iodine contrast media

A

hypervolemia and blood vessel dilation due to the water from body cells moving into vascular system

28
Q

renal effects of high-osmolality (ionic iodine) contrast media

A

causes constriction of renal arteries and dilatation

results in diminished blood supply to kidneys

29
Q

contraindications of ionic iodine contrast media

A

pts with renal disease or diabetes and older patients are at increased risks

30
Q

what led to the development of ionic iodine contrast media?

A

efforts to decrease the side effects of it

31
Q

What is the primary disadvantage of non-ionic iodine contrast?

A

3x more costly

32
Q

Non-ionic iodine contrast media crosses the blood brain barrier.

A

false

33
Q

Is non-ionic iodine contrast media much safer?

A

yes

34
Q

allergic-like effects of water soluble iodinated contrast media

A

hives
wheezing and edema in throat and lungs
bronchospasms

35
Q

anaphylactoid effects of water-soluble iodinated contrast media

A

nausea and vomiting

36
Q

What percent of reactions to contrast media occur within 5 minutes of injection?

A

70%

37
Q

contrast allergies

A

mild
moderate
severe

38
Q

mild contrast reactions

A

nausea/vomiting
feeling flushed
headache
dizziness
anxiety
metallic taste in mouth
itching
pallor
sweating

39
Q

moderate contrast reactions

A

symptoms similar to mild reactions, but with moderate severity and no hospitalization required

40
Q

severe contrast reactions

A

are life threatening and require intensive treatment and hospitalization

death rate is less than .01%

41
Q

contraindications for water soluble iodinated contrast media

A

Glucophage therapy
renal failure
age
allergies
asthma
COPD

42
Q

patient prep for UGI

A

NPO after midnight the day before study

43
Q

patient prep for barium enema

A

2 days before: clear liquids after noon

1 day before: clear liquids all day (bowel prep done)

Day of: clear liquids breakfast ONLY and enema in the morning

44
Q

order contrast studies should be performed

A
  1. non-contrast studies
  2. lower GI (colon) studies
  3. upper GI (esoph., stomach, SI)
45
Q

why should contrast studies be done in a certain order?

A

because of special considerations like patient’s condition, medications, or diabetes

RTE1000 Intro to Radiologic Science (8 decks)

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