Contribution of agencies in achieving social control Flashcards
(30 cards)
What are the different tactics and measures that agencies use to achieve social control ?
- environmental design
- behavioural tactics
- institutional tactics
- gaps in state provision
What are the three types of environmental design?
- CPTED
- Prison design
- Gated lanes
What does CPTED stand for?
Crime prevention through environmental design
What is CPTED based on?
it is based on the idea that crime results partly from the opportunities presented by the physical environment.
How can crime be reduced with CPTED?
- creating open spaces with strong lighting to provide clear visibility
- a lack of hiding spaced so people can see around places such as corners
- low level bushes allowing a clear visible site line
What are the benefits and negatives of CPTED?
- It can relate to the functionalist view of crime where positive boundary maintenance is achieved
- It suggests that criminals operate in hidden places which is not always true and it may be that crime is displaced to another area rather than being prevented
What is the name of the two prison designs?
- panopticon
- supermax
What is the traditional prison design called?
Panopticon
What is the concept for the panopticon prison?
- It allows for all the prisoners to be observed without them being able to tell.
- The prisoners can be seen but they cannot communicate with the prison officers
What does the panopticon design ensure?
it ensure that there is a sense of permanent visibility that ensures the functioning of power.
What is the objective for supermax prisons?
to provide long-term, segregated housing for prisoners who represent the highest security risks.
What has the government promised for prisons?
They have promised to increase prison building, with a commitment of £4 billion to build a total of 18,000 prison places.
What are gated lanes?
These are gates that are installed at the entrance to rear alleyways in order to deter burglars or other criminals.
What are the benefits and negatives of gated lanes?
- In Preston, Lancashire, it has been proved to be popular with residents and has made them feel as though they can reclaim their streets.
- It approximately costs £4,000 to provide one gate at either end of an alley, it is too costly to justify.
What are the two behavioural tactics to achieve social control?
- ASBO
- Token Economy
What are behavioural tactics?
Tactics used by agencies to change a person’s behaviour to make them more socially compliant.
Why are ASBOs used?
they are used to limit and correct low-level anti-social behaviour which would often involve swearing and drinking
What are the negatives for ASBOs ?
- Many critics suggested that the offenders viewed them as a badge of honour.
- they were regularly breached and according to the civil rights group liberty , 56% of ASBOs were breached in 2009
What is a CBO ?
it is used against anti-social offenders who have committed behaviour that has caused harassment, alarm and distress
What happens if a person is given a CBO?
under the order, a person who has been convicted would be banned from taking part in certain activities or going to certain places
What happens if a CBO is breached?
If a CBO is breached an adult can face up to 5 years in prison
What is token economy?
it is a method that tries to control behaviour, they are based on the psychological concept of behaviour modification. This means rewarding positive behaviour and punishing negative behaviour.
What agency uses token economy to control behaviour?
Prison services
What happens if the offenders show desirable behaviour?
the individuals will be given tokens which can then be exchanged for a reward such as wear their own clothes and have extra visits with friends and family
