Control And Communication

Question 1

What type of communication/control is needed for a multicellular organism

Answer 1

Nervous control
Hormonal control

Question 2

What is the CNS part of

Answer 2

the CNS is part of the nervous system ( CNS stands for central nervous system )

Question 3

What makes up the CNS

Answer 3

The brain & spinal cord

Question 4

What does the brain do

Answer 4

It controls the whole body & coordinates nerve impulses

Question 5

What does the nerves /neurons do

Answer 5

Carry messages to and from the Brain

Question 6

What does the spinal cord do

Answer 6

Relays impulses between nerves and the brain ( controls reflex actions )

Question 7

What part of the brain is the cerebrum

Answer 7

The big mushy pink bit

Question 8

What part lf the brain is the cerebellum

Answer 8

The smaller area attached to the big pink bit that is still mushy

Question 9

What part of the Brian is the medulla

Answer 9

The smallest part , doesent look mushy

Question 10

What does the cerebrum do

Answer 10

Controls mental process
( memory , reasoning , imagination , thoughts & intelligence)

Question 11

What does the cerebellum do

Answer 11

Controls balance & muscular coordination

Question 12

What does the medulla do

Answer 12

Controls heart beat , breathing & blood presssure

Question 13

3 types of neurons / nerves

Answer 13

Inter neuron
Motor neuron
Sensory neuron

Question 14

What does the inter neuron do

Answer 14

Carries impulse from sensory neuron to the motor neuron. The inter neuron operates in the CNS

Question 15

What does the sensory neuron do

Answer 15

Carries the impulse from the receptors located in the sense organs to the inter neuron in the CNS

Question 16

What does the motor neuron do

Answer 16

Carries the impulse from the inter neuron in the CNS to the effectors ( muscles/glands) which brings about a response

Question 17

What does a receptor do

Answer 17

Detect stimuli ( touch , sound , smell , sight & taste ) then converts it into an electrical impulses

Question 18

Where is the receptors found

Answer 18

In the sense organs

Question 19

What are effectors

Answer 19

Muscles / glands that respond to a stimulus

Question 20

Order of neural pathway

Answer 20

Sensory neuron , inter neuron , motor neuron

Question 21

What is a synapse

Answer 21

Between two neurons there is a small gap

Question 22

What passes across a synapses

Answer 22

An electrical impulse is passed across a synapse when chemicals messengers diffuse across the gap

Question 23

What is a reflex action features

Answer 23

-Reflex actions take place in a fraction of a second
-They don’t involve conscious thought.
-They protect the body from damage.

Question 24

Where does a reflex action happen and how does a response get delivered

Answer 24

They often take place via the spinal cord, without involving the brain, allowing a fast response

Question 25

Coughing protective value

Answer 25

Clears the windpipe of harmful particles

Question 26

Limb withdrawal protective value

Answer 26

Removes the limb from heat or pain

Question 27

What is a reflex arc

Answer 27

The circuit of neurons that act to produce the reflex Actions

Question 28

Reflex arc pathway

Answer 28

Stimulis - sensory neuron - inter neuron ( in spinal cord ) - motor neuron - muscle response

Question 29

what is homeostasus

Answer 29

the maintance of a constant internal enviroment by the body

Question 30

what things in the body need to be kept constant

Answer 30

-body temp - blood glucose level - body water content

Question 31

what are regulators

Answer 31

organism that maintain their temp regardless of the external enviroment

Question 32

what are conformers

Answer 32

organisms whos temp depend on the external enviroment

Question 33

what are humans and what i their body temp

Answer 33

regulators , 37C

Question 34

what controls the body temp

Answer 34

the hypothalamus in the brain

Question 35

how does (said body part )control the body temp

Answer 35

the hypothalamus recieves impulses from receptors in the skin & sends impulses to effectors

Question 36

how does the body try and cope in cold/low temps

Answer 36

- hair stands on end ( this traps a layer of warmth) - shivering ( movement of muscle generates heat ) - blood vessels narrow , allowing less blood to the skins surface ( less heat is lost via radiation )

Question 37

how does the body cope in hot/high temps

Answer 37

- sweating ( when water evaporates body temp decreases) - blood vessels widen , allowing more blood to the skin surface ( heat is lost via radiation

Question 38

how does the nervous system carry information

Answer 38

via electrical impulses

Question 39

what does endocrine system release

Answer 39

hormones , they act slowly but effects last longer

Question 40

what are hormones

Answer 40

chemical messengers which travel in the bloodstream to target body tissue

Question 41

what can hormones affect

Answer 41

only cells with particular tissue , if the cells have specific receptors which the hormone can bind to.

Question 42

state the events in hormone control in order

Answer 42

1. stimulis is detectd by the endocrine organ 2. hormone is released by endorcrine gland 3. hormone travels in bloodstream 4. hormone binds to specific receptor on the cells of the target tissue 5. target tissue make a response

Question 43

what is the blood glucose controlling hormones released by

Answer 43

pancreas

Question 44

what is the pancreas and what hormone's does it produce

Answer 44

an endocrine gland and it produces the hormoens , insulin & glucagon

Question 45

what part does the liver play in the hormone journey

Answer 45

the liver is where the target cells for insulin and glucagon are found

Question 46

what happens when your body is high in blood glucose

Answer 46

1. pancreas detects the blood is high in glucose 2. releases insulin 3. travels in bloodstream to liver 4. liver converts glucose to glycogen

Question 47

what happens when your body is low in blood glucose

Answer 47

1. pancreas detetcs low blood glucose 2. releases glucagon 3. travels in the blood to liver 4. liver concerts glycogen to glucose

Question 48

What does insulin do to glucose

Answer 48

It breaks it down into glycogen to be stored until needed for low blood glucose

Question 49

What does glucagon do with glycogen

Answer 49

Glycogen is stored until low blood glucose where it is turned back into glucose to raise the levels

Question 50

How do nerves allow cells to communicate

Answer 50

Electrical impulses

Question 51

How does the liver help store

Answer 51

The liver stores glycogen that can be converted into glucose whenever needed

Question 52

The nervous system is made up of

Answer 52

All of the nerves / neurons within the body

Question 53

Describe how information is passed between neurons

Answer 53

Electrical impulses towards end of a neuron is diffuses into chemical messengers called neurotransmitters into the start of the next neuron ( called synapse )

Question 54

What are the chemical messengers that diffuse during passing the synapse called

Answer 54

Neurotransmitters

Question 55

what are hormones made of

Answer 55

protein

Question 56

A nerve cell that carries electrical impulses from the CNS to effectors such as muscles and glands.

Answer 56

motor neuron

Question 57

Which neuron carries information from receptors in sense organs to the central nervous system?

Answer 57

Sensory neuron

Question 58

what system in the body produces hormones

Answer 58

th endocrine system

Question 59

how do hormones travel through the body

Answer 59

in the bloodstream

Question 60

What tissue do insulin and glucagon target?

Answer 60

liver tissue

Question 61

why do hormones attach to target tissues

Answer 61

allow cells to communicate

Question 62

differentiate between the parts of the Nervous System with the Central Nervous System

Answer 62

the nervous system is all of the nerves within the body and the cns is made up of the brain and spinal cord

Question 63

what is thermoregulation

Answer 63

the ability of the body to maintain a consistant body temp ( body temp is controled by hypothalamos )

Question 64

what does the sense neuron respond to

Answer 64

Responds to stimuli such as light, heat or chemicals.