control in Nazi germany C9 Flashcards
(36 cards)
1
Q
who was himmler
A
- the head of the SS
- a loyal nazi
2
Q
what were the 5 types of police in germany as it became a police state in 1933
A
- Himmler
- the gestapo
- the SS
- Concentration camps
- regular police and law courts
3
Q
who were the Gestapo
A
- secret police
- no uniform
- spied on people they thought might be a threat
- had the power to arrest and imprison, torture anyone
- encouraged children to report on their parents
4
Q
who were the regular police and law courts
A
- ordinary police continued to do their jobs but ignored crimes committed by the nazis
- top jobs went to the nazis
- law courts and judges were under nazi control
- new laws meant that the death penalty could be given for anything even telling an anti hitler joke
5
Q
who were the SS
A
- set up in 1925
- wore black uniform
- originally hitlers bodyguards but overtime divided into 3 sections:
- the SD, looked after security, could arrest anyone for any reason, search homes+ seize property
- the waffen SS: elite unit in the army
- the death heads unit: ran concentration camps and later death camps
6
Q
what were concentration camps
A
- set up as soon as hitler took power
- large prisons where enemy’s of the state where kept for any length of time
- anyone the nazis didn’t like where sent there e.g jews, gypsies
- inmates were forced to work hard and some were even tortured or worked to death
7
Q
what was propaganda
A
- the spreading of information and ideas in the hope that it influences how people think and behave
8
Q
who was leading propaganda
A
- joseph Goebbels
- he was a powerful speaker and very good at his job
9
Q
how did Goebbels lead propaganda
A
- he understood that propaganda worked best if people were repeatedly given some basic ideas with short messages and powerful ideas
10
Q
what were the key messages of propaganda
A
- blaming jews for Germanys problems
- criticising the treaty of Versailles
- making Germany great again
11
Q
how did Goebbels get the messages across
A
- the messages continuously appeared all over Germany on posters, in newspapers, speeches, films and on the radio
12
Q
how was propaganda in newspapers
A
- only stories that showed the nazis doing good things were permitted
- there were negative stories about Germanys enemies
- newspapers that didn’t comply were closed down
13
Q
how was propaganda in films
A
- all films had to show the nazis in a good way and there enemy’s in a bad way
- Goebbels approved all storylines
14
Q
how was propaganda in books, at the theatre and music
A
- writers were forced to write books, plays and songs that praised hitler and the nazis
15
Q
how was propaganda on the radio
A
- all radio station were under nazi control
- cheap radios were produced that could only tune in to nazi-controlled stations
- loudspeakers were placed in the streets, in cafes, in factories to air broadcasts
16
Q
how was propaganda in public
A
- impressive mass rallies were held to celebrate Hitlers greatness
- huge arenas were built where carefully choreographed shows were put on with choirs and fireworks and bands to show how well organised the nazis were
- posters appeared all over Germany showing hitlers power and all the good things that the nazis were doing
17
Q
what was censorship
A
the tight government control of what people hear, read, see or say
18
Q
why was censorship introduced
A
- Goebbels felt that propaganda wasn’t enough to control what people thought
- je wanted to stop ideas being spread that might challenge the nazi message
19
Q
how was censorship introduced
A
- the nazis introduced strict censorship rules
- books, films, news articles, even jokes were banned if they were viewed as harmful to the nazis or Hitler
20
Q
what was the chamber of culture
A
- led by Joseph Goebbels
- all musicians, writers artists and actors had to be members
- anyone who refused would not be allowed to work
- some people, such as jews, were banned from joining
21
Q
what were the 7 parts of the chamber of culture
A
- cinema
- music
- theatre
- literature
- art
- design
- sports and leisure
22
Q
how was the cinema part of the chamber of culture
A
- nazi supporters such as Alfred Hugenberg owned film studies
- so the nazis had great influence on exactly which films were made
- all films had to carry a pro nazi image
23
Q
how was music a part of the chamber of culture
A
- some music that was popular is Weimar Germany was banned
- Jewish composers were banned and so was jazz music because it had its origins among African Americans
24
Q
how was the theatre part of the chamber of culture
A
- in the Weimar era, nazis founded the militant league for german culture to protest against modern plays and films they disapproved of
- when the nazis took over they ruled that plays should be focused on german history and politics
25
how was literature part of the chamber of culture
- a list of banned books was created
- ' un-german' books or those by Jewish authors were removed from libraries and burned
- Goebbels encouraged books about race, the glory of war and the brilliance of the nazis
- some popular books written in Weimar Germany were banned
- hitlers Meinkamf was the best selling book in Germany
- around 2500 writers left germany between 1933-45
26
how was art part of the chamber of culture
- the nazis wanted art to be clearly understandable to normal people
- it should show healthy heroic german figures and family scenes of happy, strong pure Germans
- Hitler hated modern art
- in 1936 the nazis publicly burned 5000 paintings they disapproved of
27
how was design part of the chamber of culture
- Hitler had big ideas about the design of big public buildings such as libraries, government offices and parade office's
- he favoured huge stone structures like the Greeks and romans
- 'Bauhaus' was a very popular architectural movement in Weimar Germany
- hit did not approve and shut the movement down
28
how was sport and leisure part of the chamber of culture
- health and physical fitness was very important to the nazis, so success in sports was used to promote the Nazi regime
- the olympic games held in berlin was a huge propaganda opportunity
- the german team came top of the medals table and the nazis used this as a way to show the superiority of the german race
29
what are the 4 types of resistance
- grumbling or moaning
- passive resistance
- open opposition
- attempts to kill Hitler
30
what was grumbling or moaning and give examples
- the lowest type of opposition
- in the privacy of their own home people might tell an anti-Nazi joke or complain about the regime
31
what was passive resistance and give examples
- a public show of opposition, usually refusing to do what most of the population were doing
- some might refuse to give the 'heil hitler' salute or to give money to the hitler youth members collecting funds
32
what was open opposition and give examples
- some Germans organised themselves into groups to openly oppose the Nazis
- the 'swing youth' opposed the nazis by listening to jazz and having jewish friends
- the 'white rose group' led by brother and sister Hans and Sophie Scholl, urged Germans to get rid of hitler
they handed out anti nazi leaflets and put up posters and wrote graffiti on the walls
- youth groups such as the 'edelweiss pirates' beat up nazi officials and helped army deserters
- the catholic church spoke out about the killing of physically and mentally disabled people in 1941
33
how many attempts were there on Hitlers life
55-> some by individuals, some by organised groups
34
what was the Kreisau circle
- a group of army officers, university professors and aristocrats who discussed assassinating Hitler, but didn't actually do anything
35
what was the beck-Goerdeler group
contacted the British about removing Hitler, but no agreement was reached
- the group did however try to kill Hitler in march and November 1943, and was behind the July bomb plot
36
what was the July bomb plot
- army officer colonel Claus von Stauffenberg was part of a group that detonated a bomb where hitler was meeting other nazi leaders
- despite killing 4 men and injuring Hitler the bomb failed to kill him
