Control Of Blood Glucose Flashcards
(16 cards)
What is the key homeostatic process for regulating blood glucose concentration?
Control of blood glucose concentration by hormones from the pancreas
This process ensures a constant supply of glucose for respiration while preventing harmful fluctuations.
Which hormones are primarily involved in blood glucose regulation?
Insulin and glucagon
These hormones are produced by the pancreas.
What happens when blood glucose levels increase after eating carbohydrates?
Pancreas detects high glucose levels → β cells release insulin → Insulin binds to target cells → Increased glucose uptake, glycogenesis, increased respiration → Blood glucose falls back to normal
This is an example of negative feedback.
What triggers the release of glucagon?
Low glucose levels detected by the pancreas
This typically occurs during fasting or exercise.
What processes are triggered by glucagon in the liver?
Glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis
Glucagon promotes the breakdown of glycogen into glucose and the production of glucose from non-carbohydrates.
What is the role of adrenaline in blood glucose regulation?
Increases blood glucose by activating glycogenolysis, inhibiting glycogenesis, and stimulating glucagon secretion while inhibiting insulin release
Adrenaline is released during stress or exercise.
How does glucagon and adrenaline activate their effects in target cells?
Through cAMP as a second messenger
They bind to receptors on target cells, activating adenylate cyclase, which converts ATP to cAMP.
Fill in the blank: Glycogenesis is the formation of ______ from glucose.
glycogen
What is the effect of insulin on blood glucose?
Lowers blood glucose by increasing glucose uptake and glycogenesis
Insulin is produced by β-cells in the pancreas.
What is the main cause of Type 1 Diabetes?
Autoimmune destruction of β-cells, leading to no insulin production
This condition results in high blood glucose levels.
What are the treatments for Type 2 Diabetes?
Low-sugar diet, exercise, medications (e.g., Metformin)
Type 2 Diabetes is characterized by insulin resistance.
True or False: Adrenaline inhibits glycogenolysis.
False
Adrenaline activates glycogenolysis.
What is gluconeogenesis?
Formation of glucose from non-carbohydrates (lipids, amino acids)
This process occurs when blood glucose is very low.
What is the function of cAMP in hormone action?
Acts as a second messenger to amplify hormone effects
cAMP activates protein kinase A, leading to glycogenolysis.
What are the three key processes in the liver related to blood glucose?
- Glycogenesis
- Glycogenolysis
- Gluconeogenesis
Each process is triggered by different glucose levels and hormones.
How does insulin affect respiration?
Increases the rate of respiration to use up glucose
This contributes to lowering blood glucose levels.
