Control of Vent

Question 0

The Dorsal Respiratory Group (DRG) receives impulses from

Answer 0

Glossopharyngeal(9), Vagus(10)

Question 1

Where is the Dorsal Respiratory Group(DRG) located?

Answer 1

Each side of the medulla.

Question 2

Where does the DRG send impulses?

Answer 2

• inspiratory muscles
• phrenic nerve diaphragm
• some impulse to the spinal nerves

Question 3

The Ventral Respiratory Group (VRG) is located where?

Answer 3

Medulla, anterior to DRG

Question 4

Which respiratory group is active during inspiration and expiration?

Answer 4

VRG

Question 5

What areas do the VRG stimulate?

Answer 5

Accessory muscles of inspiration & expiration

Question 6

What does the ramp signal do?

Answer 6

It stimulates the inspiratory muscles. It increases steadily for 2 sec.

Question 7

What happens to the ramp signal that causes expiration?

Answer 7

It abruptly stops for 2-3 seconds

Question 8

Where is the pneumotaxic center located?

Answer 8

In the Upper Pons.

Question 9

Where does the pneumotaxic center transmit impulses to?

Answer 9

The respiratory System

Question 10

Define obstructive sleep apnea.

Answer 10

Nothing to do with ventilatory drive. Mechanical obstruction of the airway.

Question 11

Define central sleep apnea (ondines curse).

Answer 11

No attempt to breath. Not in response to elevated CO2.

** don’t cheat on water nymphs**

Question 12

What center controls the ramp signal switch?

Answer 12

The pneumotaxic center

Question 13

What does a weak impulse from the pneumotaxic center do?

Answer 13

Increased depth in breathing and a decreased rate.

Question 14

What does a strong impulse from the pneumothorax center do?

Answer 14

Decreased in depth and an increase in rate

Question 15

Where is the apneustic center located?

Answer 15

Lower pons

Question 16

How does the apneustic center cause greatly prolonged inspiration (10-20 sec)

Answer 16

It signals to the DRG to prevent ramp shutoff.

Question 17

What center is the apneustic center normally over-ridden by?

Answer 17

The pneumotaxic center

Question 18

Cerebrovascular disease /trauma can cause what ventilatory drive abnormalities

Answer 18

Occlusion, hemorrhage. Can damage respiration center

Question 19

____ will cause swelling inside the skull, will pinch arteries (blood wall) against the skull

Answer 19

Cerebral Edema

Question 20

Name the three type of drugs that depress the respiratory centers.

Answer 20

Anesthesia, Narcotics, Barbiturates

Question 21

Cessation of breathing for >10 sec for +30 times a night.

Answer 21

Sleep apnea

Question 22

Where are the chemosensitive areas of the medulla?

Answer 22

Near the DRG and the VRG

Question 23

What is primary stimulus of ventilation chemoreceptors in the CSF?

Answer 23

[H+]

Question 24

What does the stimulation of chemoreceptors cause?

Answer 24

Stimulation of the inspiratory center

Question 25

How long does it take for chronically high [H+] to be buffered in the CSF?

Answer 25

24-48 hours

Question 26

Name 4 ways the body will respond to high altitude (low PIO2)

Answer 26

1) low PaO2 ( will stimulate peripheral chemoreceptors to increase VA) 2) increased flow(V) causes PaCO2 to drop 3) CO2 in CSF (diffuses into blood and CSF becomes alkalotic 4) excess bicarb

Question 27

Name 2 places that the peripheral chemoreceptors are located.

Answer 27

- Carotid bodies( at the bifurcation of the carotid arteries) - Aortic bodies (in the aortic arch)

Question 28

Define (SIDS)

Answer 28

Most common in low birthweight infants (up to 4 months). Have longer periods of apnea than other infants. Exact mechanism in question (unknown)

Question 29

Sudden cold that causes cessation of breathing and redistributing of circulation to vital organs.

Answer 29

Diving reflex

Question 30

The _________ _________ is activated by stretch receptors in the airways. The stretch receptors are stimulated when the lungs are ________ -_______. Sends signals to the ______ &______ . Terminate ramp signal causes you to stop _______ and exhale.

Answer 30

Hering-Breur Reflex Over-inflated Vagus and DRG Inhalation

Question 31

Which nerve innervates the carotid bodies.

Answer 31

9 glossopharyngeal

Question 32

Which nerve innervates the aortic bodies.

Answer 32

10 vagus

Question 33

Name 4 effects of low PaO2?

Answer 33

- low PaO2 makes bodies more sensitive to increase in [H+] - greatest stimulation PaO2 30-60mmHg - PaO2 sensitivity is a problem with anemia. - because sensitive to increase in [H+] in blood, can respond to metabolic acidosis

Question 34

The three theories for why exercise increases ventilation.

Answer 34

1) increased CO2, decreased O2 2) brain stimulates muscle contraction @ sane time sends impulses to medulla to Alveolar flow 3) movement of muscles stimulates peripheral proprioceptors