Control over North

Question 1

Gov. of North 1485-1537

Answer 1

Geographically remote, poor communications & under threat of invasion from Scotland
- border extensive Northern Marches split into 3: Western, Middle, and Eastern - controlled by wardens responsible for defense and keeping order - not easy

Question 2

Henry VIII

Answer 2

Key Noble families: Dacres, Cliffords, Percy Earls of Northumberland & Neville Earls of Westmorland

• Complex feuds & not always relied on for peace -1525 Lord Dacre fined 1,000 in Star Chamber (tolerance of disorder) - still a threat of invasion was needed to provide the first line of defense
• Attempt to revive the Council of North 1525 - Henry Fitzroy (6-year-old legitimate son of the King made president)- brought up in Yorkshire but King planning to make him deputy - died in 1536 - PoG royal intervention became more direct and permanent

Question 3

Re-establishment of the Council of the North 1537

Answer 3

October 1536 rebellion broke out in Lincolnshire and spread north - Cromwell decided to remodel the council
1537 in order to strengthen powers and prevent further unrest
- Given powers to hear and decide on cases of treason, murder, and felony
-Voice of government in London – passing and enforcing royal proclamations made to sheriffs and JPs
-Oversaw food supplies, regulated trade, organised local musters for military campaigns
- Extended to govern not only Yorkshire but also Durham, Northumberland, Cumberland and Westmorland
-Henry VIII signaled the status by giving it a permanent headquarters in York

Question 4

Elizabeth I

Answer 4

Responsible for combating recusancy (people who refused to go Church)

-North openly Catholic - danger to northerners wouldn’t accept Elizabethan Settlement/rebel as in 1569 - lead to reconstruction - 1572 Henry Hastings (Earl of Huntingdon + cousin) made president - became more stable

Attempted to insert more Southerners – caused resentment among northern nobility and led to rebellion in 1569 - council not completely in control in North

Power of traditional noble families eroded and control of monarchy enhanced through the council