CONTROL & PREVENTION OF COMMUNICABLE DISEASES PART 2 Flashcards
(72 cards)
Defined the concept of the causes of disease.
Explain that the growth and reproduction of a microorganism (germs) inside a human body can cause a specific disease.
GERM THEORY
- A disease-causing microorganism
PATHOGEN
______________________________ OF THE MICROORGANISM CAN INCREASE THE RISK OF HAVING A DISEASE
SUSCEPTIBILITY & PATHOGENICITY
2 TYPES OF IMMUNE SYSTEM
INNATE IMMUNE SYSTEM
ADAPTIVE IMMUNE SYSTEM
Non specific
Does not confer a long term immunity
Usually the first line of defense
Responds in a more generic way
INNATE IMMUNE SYSTEM
INNATE IMMUNE SYSTEM Components:
Humoral immunity
Cell mediated immunity
Recruiting immune cells to sites of infection, through the production of chemical factors, including specialized chemical mediators called cytokines.
Activation of the complement cascade to identify bacteria, activate cells, and promote clearance of antibody complexes or dead cells.
Identification and removal of foreign substances present in organs, tissues, blood, and lymph nodes, by specialized white blood cells.
Activation of the adaptive immune system through a process known as antigen presentation ( antibody generator). An antigen is defined as any substance that binds to a specific antibody and elicits an adaptive immune response.
Acting as a physical and chemical barrier to infectious agents.
Functions of an innate immune system
Brought about by reactions of the macrophages, dendritic cells, histiocytes and mastocytes.
inflammation
inflammation is Characterized by:
Redness of the skin ( rubor)
Increase local heat temperature ( calor)
Localized or generalized pain ( dolor)
Swelling of the tissue (tumor)
LEUKOCYTES
Most abundant form of phagocyte, the first to go to the site of inflammation
NEUTROPHIL
LEUKOCYTES
Mostly present in tissues that are exposed to external environment ( ex: skin, mucosa). It serves as the link between the innate and adaptive immune system (phagocytic)
DENDRITIC CELL
LEUKOCYTES
Releases histamine in response to a parasitic infection
BASOPHIL
LEUKOCYTES
Releases toxic molecules in response to a bacterial or parasitic infection.
EOSINOPHIL
LEUKOCYTES
Releases heparin, histamines, chemokines, chemotaxic cytokines, involved in allergic reactions or anaphylaxis and wound healing
MAST CELL
LEUKOCYTES
Phagocytic cells which can move across the walls of capillary vessels.
MACROPHAGE
LEUKOCYTES
Destroys compromised host cells such as virus-infected cells or even tumor cells.
NATURAL KILLER CELL
Highly specific.
Creates a long-term memory of immunity against pathogens
Provides long-term protection to the host
ADAPTIVE IMMUNE SYSTEM
RECOGNITION OF SPECIFIC “NONSELF” ANTIGENS IN THE PRESENCE OF “SELF” DURING THE PROCESS OF ANTIGEN PRESENTATION.
GENERATION OF RESPONSES THAT ARE TAILORED TO MAXIMALLY ELIMINATE SPECIFIC PATHOGEN OR PATHOGEN-INFECTED CELLS.
DEVELOPMENT OF IMMUNOLOGICAL MEMORY, IN WHICH PATHOGENS ARE “REMEMBERED” THROUGH MEMORY B CELLS AND MEMORY T CELLS.
ADAPTIVE IMMUNE SYSTEM FUNCTIONS
T LYMPHOCYTES
Also known as CD4 T cells, secrets cytokines, assist in the maturation of B cells, activates cytotoxic T cells and macrophages
T helper cell
T LYMPHOCYTES
Also known as CD8+ T cells, destroys virus infected cells
Cytotoxic T cells
T LYMPHOCYTES
Gets activated upon re exposure to a cognate antigen, can either be CD4+ or CD8+
Memory T cells
T LYMPHOCYTES
Shuts down T cell-mediated immunity toward the end of an immune reaction
Suppressor T cells
T LYMPHOCYTES
Produces cytokines and cytolytic cells (cell destroying) molecules.
Natural Killer T cells
- are the predominant cells involved in the creation of Immunoglobulins (Ig) or antibodies
B LYMPHOCYTES
