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Control system Flashcards

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1
Q

A) Central Nervous System (CNS)

A
  • contains the brain and spinal cord
  • coordinates all incoming and outgoing information
  • controls; speaking, walking, eating
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2
Q

B) Peripheral Nervous System (PNS

A
  • communicates between the CNS and the rest of the body
  • divided to Somatic and Autonomic Nervous System
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3
Q

Somatic Nervous System

A
  • contains nerves of the skin, skeletal muscle and bone
  • voluntary control
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4
Q

Autonomic Nervous System

A
  • nerves which control internal organs
  • involuntary
  • divided to the sympathetic & parasympathetic systems
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5
Q

Sympathetic systems

A
  • “fight or flight” system
  • response to stress or emergencies
  • body for quick action; This includes increasing heart rate, dilating the pupils, redirecting blood flow to the muscles, and releasing adrenaline.
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6
Q

Parasympathetic

A
  • “rest and digest” system because it generally promotes relaxation and recovery from the stress
  • slowing the heart rate, increasing intestinal and glandular activity, and promoting digestion.
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7
Q

Parts of neuron

A

Dendrite
Cell body
Nucleus
Axon
Myelin Sheath
Terminal Branches
Synaptic Knob
Synapse

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8
Q

Dendrite

A

Branches of a Neuron that collect stimuli and transport them to cell body

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9
Q

Cell Body

A
  • Part of axon that contains a nucleus
  • Controls neuron activity
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10
Q

Nucleus

A

Contains DNA of the cell

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11
Q

Axon

A

Axon – cytoplasmic tail that carries the nerve impulse to other nerves or effector

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12
Q

Myelin sheath

A
  • Myelin sheath -fatty covering along the axon
  • speed up the rate of impulse transmission along the axon
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13
Q

Synapse

A
  • contain a chemical (neurotransmitter) that passes the impulse from neuron to neuron
  • transmit impulses in one direction only
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14
Q

Terminal branches

A

end of the axon, contain neurotransmitters, send messages

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15
Q

3 major parts of the brain

A

cerebrum
cerebellum
brainstem

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16
Q

Cerebrum

A
  • responsible for interpreting sensory information, thinking and planning, controlling voluntary activities
  • is divided into 2 hemispheres (halves) connected by the corpus collosum to allow communication via the thalamus (relay station)

a) Left Hemisphere = controls language, math and the right side of the body

b) Right Hemisphere =controls emotions, creativity and left side of the body

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17
Q

Cerebellum

A
  • behind the cerebrum
  • responsible for balance, action of muscles and coordination of movement
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18
Q

Brain Stem (Medulla Oblongata)

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A
  • contains the vagus nerve which controls vital involuntary life processes such as breathing, heart rate, digestion

-cerebrospinal fluid protect the brain from injury

19
Q

Pons

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A

area of the brain stem responsible for relaying information between the PNS and CNS

20
Q

4 Lobes of Cerebrum

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A

Temporal
Frontal
Parietal
Occipital

21
Q

Frontal lobe

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A

responsible for voluntary movement, reasoning and judgment

22
Q

Temporal lobe

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A

responsible for hearing, language, memory and emotions

23
Q

Parietal lobe

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A

sensory information and association

24
Q

Occipital lobe

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A

vision and visual recognition

25
Types of Neuron
Sensory neuron Motor neuron interneuron
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Sensory neuron
receives an impulse from a receptor & passes it to the control center (CNS
27
Motor neuron
carries impulses to an effector, such as a muscle, or a gland
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Interneuron
transmit the impulses from a sensory neuron to a motor neuron, or vice versa
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ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
Name, Location, and main function of each Gland
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Pituitary
- "master gland" - Location: at the interior base of brain just below & connected to the hypothalamus - Main Job: controls all the ENDOCRINE glands based on instructions from the hypothalmus
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Thyroid
- Location: at the base of the neck near the larynx - Function: regulates metabolism and bone length - Thyroxin
32
Pineal
- Location: in the brain posterior to the pituitary and hypothalmus - Function: regulates circadian rhythms - Melatonin
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Thymus
- Location: in the upper chest - Function- controls the growth of white blood cells (help fight infection) - thymocin
34
Parathyroid
- Location: 4 small glands imbedded in the back of the thyroid gland - Function: controls the metabolism of calcium = healthy bones, teeth - parathyroid hormone, calcitonin
35
Pancreas
- Locations: Structures in the pancreas - Function: crucial to the metabolism of glucose in the blood - insulin: allows glucose to enter cells for metabolism and processing - glucagon: allows glycogen to be retrieved from the liver and converted back to glucose when blood sugar is low
36
Adrenal
- Location: found on the superior (top) to each kidneys - two parts - Function: control the fight and flight response - adrenalin, cortisol, etc
37
Gonads Ovaries (female) Testes (male)
- Location lower abdominal cavity or groin - Function: regulate sexual growth, development and reproductive behavior (sex drive) Males = testosterone Females = Estrogen, progesterone
38
Hypothalamus
- Location: area of the brain, near the front - function: Releases hormones based on information from the nervous system : controls the Endocrine system - Dopamine, serotonin, etc
39
Insulin
- regulate glucose(sugar from the foods you eat) Every cell in your body needs glucose for energy. - Insulin must open the cell to allow it to use glucose for energy. - the pancreas releases glucagon to trigger the liver to change our fat cells into usable glucose
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Diabetes
- Type 1, Type 2 - Each type of diabetes involves the pancreas not functioning properly
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Type 1
- Need insulin shots daily - Your immune system attacks the cells that produce insulin in your pancreas - Permanent damage - overload of sugar(glucose) that remains in the blood stream which can become toxic and life threatening.
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Type 2
- Insulin resistance - body no longer uses insulin well - pancreas is still producing insulin, but it's just not enough to accomplish the job - It is often associated with obesity, unhealthy eating habits, and the sedentary lifestyle
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Control system (1 decks)

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