Controversy

Question 1

Morrill said that the Civil Wars were “the last of the….

Answer 1

…Wars of Religion” (if you use this quote, make sure you emphasise its controversial nature in that it’s not widely accepted)

Question 2

Cust and Hughes say that “we do not share the tendency to see…

Answer 2

…religion as a phenomenon hermetically sealed from other aspects of life”

Question 3

Hughes wrote that “it is impossible to view…

Answer 3

…practical problems in isolation from the framework of ideas within which people understood such problems”

Question 4

What was the name of RH Tawney’s 1926 work which kicked off the Storm over the Gentry?

Answer 4

Religion and the rise of Capitalism

Question 5

Morrill said that “it was the force of religion that drove…

Answer 5

…minorities to fight and forced majorities to make reluctant choices”

Question 6

Hughes writes that “the centre and localities were so inextricably intertwined in English politics that….

Answer 6

…even using separate terms can suggest a polarity that contemporaries did not recognise”

Question 7

To which school would Somerville and Cogswell belong?

Answer 7

Post-Revisionism

Question 8

What percentage of Parliamentarian banners featured religious references, as found by Gentles?

Answer 8

72%

Question 9

In Gentles’ study of military banners, what percentage of Royalist banners featured religious references?

Answer 9

50%

Question 10

Whose emphasis on religion as a cause has been criticised (maybe even ridiculed) for being too obvious a suggestion?

Answer 10

Morrill

Question 11

What did Whig historians keep firmly in mind when analysing events of the past?

Answer 11

The present day

Question 12

What is the teleological approach to history?

Answer 12

Regarding events with the end result in mind- thus moulding view of events to fit the path leading to the outcome

Question 13

Why do Whig historians see Parliamentarians as the ‘good guys’?

Answer 13

They promoted developments towards constitutional monarchy

Question 14

Did Whig historians see the war as inevitable?

Answer 14

YES

Question 15

Which school sees the Civil Wars as the inevitable result of long-standing constitutional conflict between a crown with absolutist tendencies and a House of Commons seeking greater power?

Answer 15

Whig

Question 16

Name two members key to the Whig view

Answer 16

TB Macauley and SR Gardiner

Question 17

What was the most influential view in the early 20th century?

Answer 17

Marxist

Question 18

Which school suggests that Civil War is product of long term social and economic change?

Answer 18

Marxist

Question 19

What does the Marxist view suggest are the major forces in history?

Answer 19

Social and economic change

Question 20

What type of revolution does the Marxist view suggest the Civil Wars was?

Answer 20

Bourgeois revolution, by which a country transition from a Feudal to Capitalist system

Question 21

According to the Marxist view, what was the existing political framework before the Wars unable to accommodate?

Answer 21

Capitalism

Question 22

What did the individualism that the Marxists claim emerged lead to?

Answer 22

Desire to follow own worship of God

Question 23

What school of thought did Christopher Hill belong to?

Answer 23

Marxist

Question 24

Who said “the Civil War was a class war”?

Answer 24

Christopher Hill

Question 25

Work by whom started the "storm over the gentry"?

Answer 25

RH Tawney

Question 26

According to RH Tawney, what was happening to the gentry in the build up to the Civil Wars?

Answer 26

They were rising

Question 27

What was a possible reason for the rising gentry?

Answer 27

The redistribution of land after the dissolution of the monasteries

Question 28

According to RH Tawney, what happened to the Aristocrats as a result of the rising gentry?

Answer 28

They lost standing and independence

Question 29

What does RH Tawney suggest caused the Civil War?

Answer 29

Friction between the rising gentry and the aristocrats, who could not accommodate the new class

Question 30

Who supports RH Tawney's work (as a disciple)?

Answer 30

Lawrence Stone

Question 31

What type of evidence is used by Tawney and Stone to support their arguments?

Answer 31

Statistical

Question 32

Who attacked the work of Tawney and Stone by arguing instead for a declining gentry?

Answer 32

Hugh Trevor-Roper

Question 33

Which subsection of the gentry did Trevor-Roper argue was declining?

Answer 33

The 'mere gentry'

Question 34

What does Trevor-Roper argue that the Civil Wars were?

Answer 34

A protest by the declining gentry

Question 35

Christopher Hill and Peter Zagorin attacked Trevor-Roper's argument for two reasons. What were they?

Answer 35

The distinctions in the gentry were too vague. | The link between economic decay and religious non-conformity was too tenuous.

Question 36

Who delivered a brutal and personal criticism on Tawney and Trevor-Roper?

Answer 36

Hexter

Question 37

What 2 accusations were made by Hexter about the work of Tawney and Trevor-Roper?

Answer 37

They had subscribed to a narrow-minded economic determinism. | The theories they had produced suggested that the Wars were a deliberate revolution-this didn't happen.

Question 38

To what broad outlook can Morrill, Russell, Sharpe, Kishlansky and Everitt be attributed to?

Answer 38

Revisionism

Question 39

What view do Revisionists take on the idea of the inevitability of the conflict?

Answer 39

Strongly rejected

Question 40

Which school of thought is sceptical about long term divisions as a an explanation?

Answer 40

Revisionism

Question 41

Who do revisionists hold responsible for the conflict?

Answer 41

Charles and his avoidable mistakes

Question 42

In what light do Revisionists view the early Stuart state?

Answer 42

basically sound

Question 43

According to Revisionists, the problem that caused the Civil Wars was the system of government. True or False?

Answer 43

False- Charles himself was the problem- under James, everything was ok

Question 44

According to Revisionists, the Stuart church could easily accommodate a variety of religious beliefs and it was only the promotion of Laudianism that was problematic. True or False?

Answer 44

True!

Question 45

Who proposed a functional breakdown?

Answer 45

Conrad Russell

Question 46

Who pioneered New British History?

Answer 46

Conrad Russell

Question 47

What is New British History?

Answer 47

The idea that it is necessary to study all 3 of Charles' Kingdoms to assess why Civil War broke out, instead of just England

Question 48

What was John Morrill's beef?

Answer 48

RELIGION

Question 49

What were Morrill's 3 modes of opposition?

Answer 49

Localist, Legal-constitutionalist and Religious

Question 50

Who claimed the the Civil Wars were the "last of the Wars of Religion"?

Answer 50

John Morrill

Question 51

Do Post-Revisionists focus on deep rooted causes?

Answer 51

YES

Question 52

What do Post-Revisionists think about the conflict between National and Local interests?

Answer 52

Bullshit! | Post-Revisionists indicate a wide interest in national affairs

Question 53

What do Post-Revisionists cite as evidence for widespread interest in National affairs?

Answer 53

Extent of petitioning and lobbying that went on eg Grand Remonstrance and campaigns over episcopacy

Question 54

Post Revisionists accept the functional breakdown model. True or false?

Answer 54

FALSE- they reject this model

Question 55

Do Post-Revisionists see the war as inevitable?

Answer 55

NO- they considered recurring serious issues as vital but not causing inevitability- they only made resolution more difficult when conflict eventually emerged for other reasons

Question 56

Post-Revisionists believe it is a false distinction to separate religious matters from political and constitutional matters. True or false?

Answer 56

True