Conversions/Equation Flashcards by Grace McCoy

Converting Celsius to Kelvins

273 + Celsius = K

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Converting Kelvin to Celsius

K - 273 = C

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Converting to different units

King Henry Died By drinking chocolate milk
K H D B d c m

B= grams, meters, liters
B is the base
ex) 1056 cm -> ? m
You start at c and then you need to go to B in order to do this you move the decimal point to the left 2 places...
meaning 1056cm = 10.56 m

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Percent Error

Experiement value - accepted value
—————————————————— x 100
accepted value

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Determine rounding when dividing or multiplying numbers

LEAST SIG FIGS
ex) 0.00000016/ 74.3
             ^2               ^3
Answer must be in 2 sig figs
= 2.2 x 10^-9
(10 doesn't count)

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Determining rounding when adding or subtracting

LEAST Decimal Places
ex) 17 - 3.88
^0 ^2

Answer must have ZERO decimal places
=13

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1 mol = ________ molecules

AVOGRADOS NUMBER

6.02 x 10^23 molecules

lets convert from grams to atomic mass

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Grams

AMU x Mol

atomic mass

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AMU

g/mol

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cation

pos charge

SMALLEST IONIC RADIUS

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anion

neg charge (ion)

LARGEST IONIC RADIUS

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Atomic Mass

(% x mass) + (% x mass) + ….
note: % should be in decimals
use when given multiple amu and dif percents

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% composition

use atmoic mass formula but replace % with x

ex) atomic mass (63.546) = ( y x mass [62.9296]) + ( {1 - x} x mass [64.9278])

to find 2nd % composition must subtract original answer by 1
ex) 1-0.6915

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Empirical Formula Steps

1) change % to grams (same value)
2) convert grams to mols with molar mass
3) divide by smallest number of mols
4) multiply the values found to get a whole #
- 0.5 x 2
- 0.33 and 0.66 x 3
- 0.25 and .75 x 4

ex) Cr1O1.5 -> Cr2O3

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Molecular Formula Steps

1) Find Empirical Formula
2) Change % to grams
3) grams to mols (note molar mass is atomic mass)
4) divide by smallest # of moles
5) Write empirical formula
6) Find molar mass of empirical formula
7) divide molecular formula molar mass by empirical formula molar mass
8) multiple whole # found above to the subscript of empirical formula

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Charges where found in periodic table

Skipping transition metals left to right

+1, +2, +3, +4, -3, -2, -1, 0

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Balancing ionic compounds with transition metal NAMING

-name of transition metal
- roman numeral (charge)
ex Iron [III] = Fe 3+
-nonmetal ending in ide

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Ammonium

NH4+

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Cyandide

CN-

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Hydroxide

OH-

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Acetate

C2H3O2-

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Perchlorate

ClO4-

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Chlorite

ClO2-

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Chlorate

ClO3-

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ate and ite rule

-ate always has 1 more oxygen than -ite

Hypochlorite

ClO-

Nitrate

NO3-

Nitrite

NO2-

Carbonate

CO3 2-

Chromate

CrO4 2-

Sulfate

SO4 2-

Sulfite

SO3 2-

Phosphate

PO4 3-

Phosphite

PO3 3-

Bromate

BrO3-

Iodate

IO3-

Dichromate

Cr2O7 2-

Covalent Prefixes | 1, 2, 3, 4, 5

``` 1 mono 2 Di 3 Tri 4 Trenta 5 Penta ```

Covalent Prefixes | 6,7,8,9,10

``` 6 Hexa 7 Hepta 8 Octa 9 Nona 10 Deca ```

Combustion Reaction

CxHy + O2 --> CO2 + H2O

Actual yield

givens in problem (actual)

Theoretical yield

whatever our limiting reactant produces | must use conversions to get from one element to another

Percent Yield

actual yield -------------------------- x100 theoretical yield

Molarity

moles of solute -------------------------- liters of solution

1 L = ____mL

1000

1kg = ____g

1000

Gas Law given pressure and volume

P1V1 = P2V2

Gas Law given volume and temp

TEMP MUST BE IN KELVIN V1/T1 = V2/T2

Gas law given pressure volume and temp

KELVINS P1V1/T1 = P2V2/T2

Gas Law given pressure and temp

KELVIN | P1/T1 = P2/T2

Gas law given volume and mols

V1/n1 = V2/n2

Ideal Gas Law (no 2nd values)

PV =nRT R= 0.0821

Calorimetry

q= mC△T ``` q=heat kJ or J m= mass in g Cs = specific heat capaticity J/g°C △T= change in temp CELCIUS FINAL - INTIAL ```

Exceptions to Octet Rule

-groups that do not have 4 electrons (always incomplete) ex B and Be -an expanded octet has 8+ electrons on central atom 3RD ROW AND BELOW

Formal Charge

FC= valence E - (Bonding electrons (touching) + Individual lone pair) CENTRAL ATOM MUST = ZERO FOR LEWIS DIAGRAM TO BE CORRECT

1 orbital, 2 electrons

3 oribitals, 6 electrons

5 orbitals, 10 electrons (5 x 2) needs to be in 5-10 range to be stable

7 orbitals, 14 electrons

electron configuaration exceptions s,p,d,f

Cr : [Ar] 4s1 3d5 Cu : [Ar] 4s1 3d10 because d wants to be full/half full so we take 1 from 4s to fulfill

Atmoic Radius increases

leftward, downward

Ionization energy increases

rightward, upward

ionization energy exceptions

2a and 3a (2a larger) | 5a and 6a (5a IE bigger)

-log[H+]

pH and pOH equation

pH + pOH = 14

OH-

10^-pOH | units in molarity

H+

10^-pH

H and OH equation

[H+] x [OH-] = 1 x 10^-14

pOH

-log[OH-]

propane

C3H8

Methane

CH4

Conversions/Equation Flashcards

(71 cards)