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Cool Climate Whites Flashcards

(101 cards)

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1
Q

What happens to sugar as grapes ripen?

A

Sugar increases as grapes ripen

This increase in sugar is a critical factor in determining the overall quality of the wine.

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2
Q

What is the relationship between sugar and acid during ripening?

A

Sugar increases while acid decreases

This relationship affects the balance of flavor in the final wine product.

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3
Q

Flavor development happens at the same rate as sugar. True or False?

A

False

Flavor development can occur at different rates compared to sugar accumulation.

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4
Q

Fermentation converts sugar to _______ and _______.

A

alcohol and carbon dioxide

This conversion is a key process in winemaking.

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5
Q

What is the relationship between Sugar at harvest and Residual Sugar?

A

Higher sugar at harvest can lead to higher residual sugar

Residual sugar impacts the sweetness of the finished wine.

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6
Q

What is the natural form of acid in grapes?

A

Tartaric acid

Tartaric acid is the primary acid found in grapes and is important for wine stability.

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7
Q

Malolactic Conversion converts _______ acid to _______ acid.

A

malic acid and tartaric acid to lactic acid

This process softens the acidity of the wine and adds complexity to its flavor profile.

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8
Q

What is the Winkler Index?

A

A framework for understanding the climate of a wine region

Developed in 1944 by Professors Amerine and Winkler at UC Davis.

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9
Q

How many categories does the Winkler Index use to group wine regions?

A

Five categories

The categories are based on theoretical growing days.

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10
Q

Which grape cultivars are associated with cool regions?

A

Riesling, Pinot Gris, Chardonnay, Pinot Noir

These varietals thrive in cooler climates.

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11
Q

What grape cultivars are typically grown in warm regions?

A

Cabernet Sauvignon, Malbec, Merlot, Grenache

These varietals prefer warmer climates.

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12
Q

What geographical factors contribute to a cool climate?

A

Latitude, topography, distance from coast

Examples include regions like Mosel, Germany.

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13
Q

True or False: The topography does not affect climate in wine regions.

A

False

Topography, such as mountains and elevation, significantly impacts climate.

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14
Q

Fill in the blank: The proximity to the _______ can influence a region’s climate.

A

poles

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15
Q

Which country is mentioned as having a cool climate due to its geography?

A

Germany

Example: Mosel region.

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16
Q

List two wine regions located in Australia that are considered cool climates.

A

Tasmania, Adelaide Hills

These regions have cooler growing conditions.

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17
Q

What is the significance of elevation in determining a cool climate?

A

It can create cooler temperatures and microclimates

Higher elevations often lead to cooler growing conditions.

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18
Q

Which region in New Zealand is noted for its cool climate?

A

Central Otago

Known for producing high-quality wines.

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19
Q

What are natural features that can moderate a cool climate?

A

Bodies of water, elevation/aspect, mountains, long days with high number of daylight hours

Bodies of water include rivers, coasts, inland seas, and large lakes.

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20
Q

What role do bodies of water play in climate moderation?

A

They help to moderate temperatures and influence local weather patterns

Examples include rivers, coasts, inland seas, and large lakes.

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21
Q

What does elevation/aspect refer to in climate moderation?

A

Planting to face the sun or positioning above the fog line

This can affect sunlight exposure and temperature.

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22
Q

How do mountains contribute to climate moderation?

A

They create rain shadows and provide protection from major winds

This can result in varying climatic conditions on either side of a mountain range.

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23
Q

What is a characteristic of regions classified as ‘cool climate’ for wine production?

A

They have a baseline cool climate regardless of winemaker intentions

Winemakers focus on achieving ripening rather than slowing it down.

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24
Q

In cool climate wine regions, what is a primary concern for winemakers?

A

Achieving ripening of grapes

This contrasts with warmer regions where the focus may be on restraint.

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25
Fill in the blank: _______ can moderate a cool climate by influencing temperature and weather patterns.
Bodies of water
26
True or False: Elevation and aspect are irrelevant in moderating cool climates.
False
27
What is the climate like in the Loire Valley?
Cool climate ## Footnote The cool climate of the Loire Valley contributes to the unique characteristics of its wines.
28
Which grape varieties are commonly grown in the Anjou-Saumur region?
* Chenin Blanc * Cabernet Franc ## Footnote These varieties are well-suited to the region's climate and soil.
29
What grape is primarily associated with the Pays Nantais?
Melon de Bourgogne ## Footnote This grape is known for producing Muscadet, a popular white wine from the region.
30
What grape varieties are prominent in the Touraine region?
* Chenin Blanc * Sauvignon Blanc * Cabernet Franc ## Footnote These varieties thrive in the diverse terroirs of Touraine.
31
Which grape is primarily used in the Centre-Loire?
Sauvignon Blanc ## Footnote Sauvignon Blanc from this region is highly regarded for its quality and expression.
32
What is the significance of the town of Sancerre?
Famous for Sauvignon Blanc ## Footnote Sancerre is a key wine-producing area in the Centre-Loire known for its distinctive Sauvignon Blanc.
33
Which grape variety is commonly used in the production of Vouvray?
Chenin Blanc ## Footnote Vouvray wines can range from dry to sweet and are made exclusively from Chenin Blanc.
34
Fill in the blank: The grape variety Cabernet Franc is especially notable in the _______ region.
Touraine ## Footnote Cabernet Franc is a key varietal in this region, contributing to its red wine profile.
35
Which regions are included in the Loire Valley?
* Orléans * Nantes * Angers * Blois * Tours ## Footnote These towns are significant for their contributions to the Loire Valley's wine culture.
36
True or False: Gamay is a prominent grape variety in the Loire Valley.
False ## Footnote Gamay is not one of the main varieties in the Loire Valley; it is more associated with Beaujolais.
37
What are the typical structural components of cool climate wines?
* Sugar * Acid * Alcohol * Tannin * Body ## Footnote These components collectively define the profile of cool climate wines.
38
What is the sugar content typically like in cool climate wines?
Dry to Sweet ## Footnote Cool climate wines can range from dry to sweet depending on various factors.
39
What is the acid level in cool climate wines?
Elevated to High Acids ## Footnote High acidity is a hallmark of wines produced in cooler climates.
40
What is the typical alcohol level in cool climate wines?
Low to Moderate Alcohol ## Footnote Alcohol levels tend to be lower in cool climate wines due to the cooler growing conditions.
41
What is the typical body of cool climate wines?
Light to Moderate Body ## Footnote The body of these wines is generally lighter compared to those from warmer climates.
42
What is one technique a winemaker can use to respond to the pressures of a cool climate?
Training vines lower or higher ## Footnote Adjusting vine training can help optimize grape exposure to sunlight.
43
What is green harvesting in the context of winemaking?
A technique to manage crop yield by removing unripe grapes ## Footnote This practice helps improve the quality of the remaining grapes.
44
How can leaf pulling benefit cool climate vineyards?
Enhances sunlight exposure and air circulation ## Footnote Leaf pulling can help in ripening grapes by allowing more sunlight to reach the fruit.
45
What does 'long hang time' refer to in winemaking?
Allowing grapes to remain on the vine longer before harvest ## Footnote This can lead to increased flavor concentration and ripeness.
46
Fill in the blank: One planting choice a winemaker can make in a cool climate is _______.
[aspect, row orientation] ## Footnote These choices can significantly impact sunlight exposure and grape ripening.
47
What is Passito winemaking?
A method of drying grapes to concentrate sugars before fermentation ## Footnote Passito is often used to create sweet wines.
48
What is chaptalization in winemaking?
The process of adding sugar to grape must to increase alcohol content after fermentation ## Footnote This technique is particularly useful in cool climates where grapes may not achieve full ripeness.
49
What does lees aging refer to?
A winemaking technique involving aging wine on its dead yeast cells (lees) to enhance flavor and texture ## Footnote This can add complexity and a creamy mouthfeel to the wine.
50
What is battonage in winemaking?
The process of stirring the lees in a wine barrel to promote contact and enhance flavor ## Footnote It is often used in white wine production, particularly with Chardonnay.
51
What does leaving residual sugar (RS) in the final wine mean?
Retaining unfermented sugars in the wine to create a sweeter taste profile ## Footnote This can balance acidity, especially in cooler climate wines.
52
What are the various methods for producing sparkling wine?
Methods include traditional (Champagne method), Charmat method, and others ## Footnote Each method affects the flavor, texture, and bubbles of the final product.
53
Fill in the blank: Drying grapes is a method used in _______ winemaking.
Passito
54
True or False: Chaptalization involves removing sugar from grape must.
False
55
What is the purpose of lees aging?
To enhance flavor and texture of the wine
56
True or False: Battonage is a technique used to reduce the sweetness of wine.
False
57
Fill in the blank: Sparkling wine can be produced using the _______ method, among others.
Charmat
58
What should be looked for to differentiate structurally similar wines?
Varietal character in aromatic and flavor profile ## Footnote This includes identifying specific aromas and flavors that are characteristic of particular grape varieties.
59
What are some structural standouts in wine tasting?
High aromatic intensity or exceptionally high acid or tannin ## Footnote These structural elements can help distinguish between wines that otherwise seem similar.
60
What appearance indicators suggest Botrytis or thick-skinned varieties?
Golden yellow ## Footnote This refers to visual traits that can hint at specific winemaking processes or grape types.
61
How can knowledge of regional winemaking styles assist in wine tasting?
It can help narrow options down ## Footnote Understanding the typical practices of specific regions can provide context for the wine's characteristics.
62
What are the typical traits of cool climate wines?
* Sugar: Dry to Sweet * Acid: Elevated to High Acids * Alcohol: Low to Moderate Alcohol * Tannin: N/A with exceptions * Body: Light to Moderate Body ## Footnote These traits are common in wines produced in cooler climates, affecting their overall profile.
63
What is a key characteristic of Sauvignon Blanc?
High Aromatic Intensity ## Footnote Sauvignon Blanc is known for its strong and intense aromas.
64
What is a structural standout feature of Sauvignon Blanc?
High Acid ## Footnote The high acidity in Sauvignon Blanc contributes to its crispness.
65
What distinctive impact compounds are found in Sauvignon Blanc?
Pyrazines and thiols ## Footnote Pyrazines give aromas of green bell pepper, asparagus, and grass; thiols contribute aromas of passionfruit, grapefruit, and gooseberry.
66
What is a notable structural feature of Chenin Blanc?
High Acid ## Footnote Chenin Blanc typically has high acidity, making it versatile.
67
Can Chenin Blanc exhibit Botrytis characteristics?
Yes, even when dry ## Footnote Botrytis can influence the aroma profile of Chenin Blanc, regardless of its sweetness level.
68
What types of styles can Chenin Blanc be made in?
Dry through sweet styles ## Footnote Chenin Blanc is versatile and can range from dry to very sweet wines.
69
What aromas does Botrytis contribute to wines?
Marmalade, Chamomile, ginger, or honey ## Footnote Botrytis cinerea, also known as noble rot, can enhance the aromatic complexity of wines.
70
What does the term Pinot Gris refer to?
The Alsati style which is fruitier and a touch more floral ## Footnote May show Botrytis
71
What does the term Pinot Grigio refer to?
The lighter, crisp citrus and mineral-driven style of N. Italy ## Footnote Shows Lees contact
72
What is the main difference between Pinot Gris and Pinot Grigio?
Different styles of wine ## Footnote Pinot Gris is fruitier and floral, while Pinot Grigio is lighter and crisper
73
Fill in the blank: Pinot Gris references the _______ style which is fruitier and a touch more floral.
Alsati
74
Fill in the blank: Pinot Grigio references the lighter, crisp citrus and _______-driven style of N. Italy.
mineral
75
What are the primary flavors of Chardonnay?
Chalk, butter, yellow apple, starfruit ## Footnote These flavors can vary depending on the region and winemaking techniques.
76
Which regions are primarily referenced for Chardonnay?
Chablis and Burgundy ## Footnote These regions set the standard for Chardonnay characteristics.
77
True or False: Chablis is likely to show oak influence.
False ## Footnote Chablis is known for its purity and typically does not exhibit oak characteristics.
78
True or False: Burgundy Chardonnay may show oak influence.
True ## Footnote Burgundy wines often utilize oak aging, affecting the flavor profile.
79
Fill in the blank: Chardonnay can be tricky because it is very _______.
malleable ## Footnote This malleability allows winemakers to create a wide range of styles.
80
How do cool climates in the New World influence Chardonnay?
They model their Chardonnays upon Chablis and Burgundy ## Footnote This influence shapes the style and flavor profiles of New World Chardonnays.
81
What is a key characteristic of Riesling in terms of aromatic intensity?
High Aromatic Intensity ## Footnote Riesling is known for its pronounced and complex aromas.
82
Riesling is typically described as highly _______.
Floral ## Footnote The floral notes contribute to its aromatic profile.
83
What are distinctive impact compounds associated with Riesling?
Esters white flower banana raspberry strawberry apple Terpenes rose Lighty lavender orange oil Botrytis marmalade honey ginger chamomile
84
What is the typical acidity level of Riesling?
High Acids ## Footnote The high acidity balances the sweetness in many Rieslings.
85
Riesling typically shows lower alcohol and _______.
light body ## Footnote This characteristic makes Riesling refreshing and easy to drink.
86
Even when dry, Riesling usually has a bit of _______.
RS (Residual Sugar) ## Footnote This residual sugar adds to the wine's complexity and balance.
87
What is a common phenomenon affecting Riesling grapes?
Botrytis ## Footnote Botrytis cinerea, or noble rot, can enhance the sweetness and complexity of Riesling.
88
Riesling is often associated with aromas of _______ flowers.
White ## Footnote These floral notes are a hallmark of the Riesling varietal.
89
What is a key structural standout of Gewürztraminer?
Lower Acid ## Footnote Gewürztraminer is known for its lower acidity compared to other white wines.
90
What type of bitterness is characteristic of Gewürztraminer?
Substantial Phenolic Bitterness (tannins) ## Footnote This refers to the presence of tannins that contribute to the wine's bitterness.
91
What is the aromatic intensity level of Gewürztraminer?
High Aromatic Intensity ## Footnote Gewürztraminer is recognized for its strong and pronounced aromas.
92
What are distinctive impact compounds associated with Gewürztraminer?
Distinctive Impact Compounds ## Footnote These compounds contribute to the unique flavor profile of Gewürztraminer.
93
Does Gewürztraminer typically show Botrytis?
Typically Shows Botrytis ## Footnote Botrytis cinerea is a mold that can enhance the sweetness and complexity of the wine.
94
What is Gruner Veltliner known for?
Elevated acid and distinctive impact ## Footnote Gruner Veltliner is a white grape variety known for its high acidity and unique flavor profile.
95
What compounds may be present in Gruner Veltliner?
Botrytis on Reserve and Smaragd style ## Footnote Botrytis, also known as noble rot, can enhance the complexity and sweetness of the wine.
96
What is a characteristic feature of Gruner Veltliner regarding alcohol content?
Can reach elevated alcohol ## Footnote This varietal can produce wines with higher alcohol levels, contributing to its body and richness.
97
What is the synonym for Melon de Bourgogne?
Muscadet
98
How is Melon de Bourgogne defined?
By what is NOT there than what is
99
What is a key feature of the winemaking process for Melon de Bourgogne?
Lees contact
100
What are the defining characteristics of Melon de Bourgogne aside from lees contact?
High acid and minerality
101
What aromas are associated with Melon de Bourgogne?
* Lime * Seashell * Green apple * Pear * Bread dough

Sensory Development (4 decks)

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