coordination and control

Question 1

What is a Stimulus?

Answer 1

Anything that we respond to in our environment

Question 2

What is a Receptor?

Answer 2

Parts of the body that can be stimulated or are sensitive

Question 3

What is a Co-ordinator?

Answer 3

Links up receptors and effectors and decides which response will take place if any

Question 4

What is an Effector?

Answer 4

Part of the body that produces a response e.g. muscle

Question 5

What is a Response?

Answer 5

The action taken in response to a stimulus

Question 6

What is Behaviour?

Answer 6

The overall total of our responses to the environment around us

Question 7

What is the Central Nervous System?

Answer 7

The brain and the spinal cord

Question 8

What is a Neurone?

Answer 8

A nerve cell

Question 9

What is a Sense organ?

Answer 9

Special organs where receptors can be grouped together

Question 10

What is an Impulse?

Answer 10

Information carried by a neurone as a small electrical charge

Question 11

What is a Synapse?

Answer 11

The junction between two neurones

Question 12

What is a Reflex action?

Answer 12

An automatic response that does not involve conscious thought

Question 13

What is a Reflex arc?

Answer 13

The pathway of an impulse taken through the spinal cord in a reflex action

Question 14

What is Accommodation?

Answer 14

Focussing of light rays on the retina

Question 15

What is a Hormone?

Answer 15

A chemical message

Question 16

What is a Gland?

Answer 16

Produces hormones

Question 17

What is a Target organ?

Answer 17

The organ that a hormone affects

Question 18

What is Homeostasis?

Answer 18

Maintenance of constant state in the body

Question 19

What is Insulin?

Answer 19

Hormone that prevents blood glucose becoming too high

Question 20

What is Negative feedback?

Answer 20

Mechanism that ensures the level of something does not deviate too far from normal value

Question 21

What is Diabetes?

Answer 21

A condition where the body does not produce enough insulin

Question 22

What is Osmoregulation?

Answer 22

A homeostatic process that controls the amount of water in the blood and other body fluids

Question 23

What is Phototropism?

Answer 23

The response of a plant to light

Question 24

What is Auxin?

Answer 24

Hormone that controls phototropism

Question 25

What is Cell elongation?

Answer 25

Cells becoming longer

Question 26

What is the conjunctiva?

Answer 26

A protective transparent covering that stops dust and dirt damaging the cornea. It also keeps the cornea moist.

Question 27

What is the cornea?

Answer 27

Transparent part of the sclera that allows light to enter the eye and causes some refraction of light.

Question 28

What is the pupil?

Answer 28

The opening in the middle of the iris through which light passes.

Question 29

What is the iris?

Answer 29

Consists of muscles that contract and relax to control the size of the pupil and therefore how much light enters.

Question 30

What is the lens?

Answer 30

This bends (refracts) light and focuses light rays on the retina.

Question 31

What is the retina?

Answer 31

This contains the receptor cells that are sensitive to light. The central part of the retina (the fovea) contains a lot of light receptors and is particularly sensitive.

Question 32

What is the optic nerve?

Answer 32

Contains sensory neurones that link the retina to the brain by carrying electrical impulses.

Question 33

What is the aqueous humour?

Answer 33

The watery fluid in the front part of the eye that keeps the eye at the right pressure. It also allows light rays to pass through.

Question 34

What is the vitreous humour?

Answer 34

A jelly-like fluid between the lens and the retina that keeps the shape of the eye. It keeps the lens and the retina the correct distance apart for focusing light rays and allows light rays to pass through.