Coordination and control

Question 0

What are stimuli?

Answer 0

Changes in the environment

Question 1

What does the nervous system allow people to do?

Answer 1

React to their surroundings and coordinate their behaviour

Question 2

What detects stimuli?

Answer 2

Cells called receptors

Question 3

What is the pattern of reflex arcs?

Answer 3

Stimulus, receptor, sensory neuron, relay neuron, motor neuron, effector, response

Question 4

Why is it important for adrenaline to be released in stressful situations?

Answer 4

So your body can prepare to either fight or flight. This helps to increase chances of survival in dangerous situations

Question 5

What do electrical impulses travel along?

Answer 5

Along neurons

Question 6

What is diffusion?

Answer 6

When particles are in a high concentration and they move about to places with low concentration to make it balanced

Question 7

What is a synapse?

Answer 7

The space between two neurons

Question 8

How do signals pass from one neuron to another?

Answer 8

A neurotransmitter chemical is released into the synapse

Question 9

What happens to the neurotransmitter when reaches the other neuron?

Answer 9

It fits into a tailor-made receptor on the surface of the target neuron. The second neuron receives the signal. The chemical is then absorbed by the reuptake, channel ready to be used again

Question 10

What are effectors?

Answer 10

Muscles or glands

Question 11

What are hormones?

Answer 11

Chemical messengers

Question 12

What does testosterone do?

Answer 12

Muscle development, secondary sexual characteristics

Question 13

What does oestrogen do?

Answer 13

Secondary sexual characteristics

Question 14

How do hormones travel?

Answer 14

In the blood to target organs. They attached to complimentary receptors on target cell membranes

Question 15

How do you increase your temperature?

Answer 15

Eating to provide calories, shivering, hair raising, exercise, respiration, environment, putting on clothes

Question 16

How do you decrease your temperature?

Answer 16

Sweating, cold drinks, environment, fan, taking off clothes

Question 17

How do you increase the amount of water in your body?

Answer 17

Drinking water, eating, respiration

Question 18

What is the equation for respiration?

Answer 18

Glucose + oxygen -> carbon dioxide + water + energy

Question 19

How do you decrease the amount of water in your body?

Answer 19

Going to the toilet, sweating, tears, water vapour, vomit

Question 20

How do you increase the amount of glucose in your body?

Answer 20

Eating and drinking

Question 21

How do you decrease the amount of glucose in your body?

Answer 21

Respiration for energy, time between meals

Question 22

How do you increase the amount of ions in your body?

Answer 22

Sodium chloride (food), drinks, chemical reactions

Question 23

How do you increase the amount of ions in your body?

Answer 23

Urine, sweat, faeces

Question 24

What is homoeostasis?

Answer 24

The process by which a body tries to control things, such as water, blood, temperature, and ions

Question 25

Why do bodies need homoeostasis?

Answer 25

So all levels of blood, water etc don't rise or fall too much, because it could be life-threatening

Question 26

How does homoeostasis work?

Answer 26

It detects changes in the bodies internal environment, and regulates a response

Question 27

What is an enzyme?

Answer 27

A biological catalyst that speeds up reactions. It is a protein

Question 28

What do enzymes do?

Answer 28

They break down things in your body, but are not broken down themselves

Question 29

How do enzymes denature?

Answer 29

If the temperature is too high

Question 30

What happens if someone's body temperature increases above 40 to 42°C?

Answer 30

Possible death from heatstroke and heat exhaustion

Question 31

What is the normal body temperature?

Answer 31

37°C

Question 32

What happens when your body temperature drops below 35°C?

Answer 32

Possible death from hypothermia

Question 33

What happens if you drink too much water?

Answer 33

It's thins the blood and cells burst because they take in too much water

Question 34

What happens when you do not have enough water in your body?

Answer 34

You become dehydrated

Question 35

What is an ion?

Answer 35

A charged particle

Question 36

What is a commonly used ion?

Answer 36

Salt NaCl

Question 37

What is glycogen?

Answer 37

A long line of glucose molecules

Question 38

How is insulin produced?

Answer 38

By the pancreas

Question 39

What does insulin store?

Answer 39

Its stores glucose as glycogen

Question 40

What happens when the body has above the average blood sugar levels?

Answer 40

Go hyperactive, have an episode and the body shuts down

Question 41

What happens when you have below the average blood sugar level?

Answer 41

Have an episode on the body shuts down

Question 42

What is the order of the menstrual cycle?

Answer 42

Menstruation, uterus lining thickens, ready to receive embryo, breaks down if no implantation

Question 43

What is another word for egg cell?

Answer 43

Corpus luteum

Question 44

What does FSH do ?

Answer 44

Causes eggs to mature, stimulates ovary to produce oestrogen

Question 45

What does oestrogen do?

Answer 45

Causes the lining of the womb to develop, inhibits FSH production, stimulates the release of a mature egg

Question 46

In relation to contraception, why did families 100 years ago have lots of children?

Answer 46

Because they didn't have any effective methods of contraception, unless they had an operation which had high risks and were very painful

Question 47

How does the contraceptive pill work?

Answer 47

The contraceptive pill may contain oestrogen and progesterone. Some are only progesterone pills. The contraceptive pill prevents the production of FSH so no eggs mature

Question 48

How has the contraceptive pill changed over time?

Answer 48

Smaller doses are now given, they are takes for 21 days. But they are now more likely to increase breast cancer because of different chemical amounts

Question 49

How many types of contraceptive pill are there?

Answer 49

3

Question 50

What is IVF?

Answer 50

In vitro fertilisation

Question 51

Why might people need to use IVF?

Answer 51

If the Fallopian tubes are damaged and the woman can't get pregnant naturally

Question 52

What is the equation for photosynthesis?

Answer 52

Carbon dioxide+water+sunlight chlorophyll -> oxygen+ glucose

Question 53

What is the reverse of photosynthesis?

Answer 53

Respiration

Question 54

What do plant roots need for cellular reactions to happen?

Answer 54

Nitrates, phosphates and potassium

Question 55

What do palmy shoots allow the plant to do?

Answer 55

Photosynthesise as they are above the plant

Question 56

What is hydrotropism?

Answer 56

A growth response due to water

Question 57

What is phototropism?

Answer 57

A growth response due to light

Question 58

What is gravitropism?

Answer 58

A growth response due to gravity

Question 59

What is auxin?

Answer 59

A plant hormone

Question 60

What does auxin do?

Answer 60

Speeds up growth on one side of the plant so it can lead towards the sun

Question 61

The root grows more on the side with ..... auxin

Answer 61

Less

Question 62

The shoot grows more on the side with ...... auxin

Answer 62

More

Question 63

Name two glands that secrete hormones to control the menstrual cycle

Answer 63

Ovaries, pituitary gland