Coordination And Control Flashcards
What are receptors?
They are cells that detect stimuli (changes in the environment)
What do impulses do?
Impulses from receptors pass along sensory neurones to the brain or spinal cord (CNS). Impulses are sent along the motor neurons from the brain (CNS) to the effector organs.
What is a neuron?
A cell that is specialised in the transmission of electrical impulses forming the messages of the nervous system.
What is a nerve?
A bundle of neurones. It can contain only sensory neurons, only motor neurons or a mixture of both.
What is the central nervous system (CNS)?
It consists of two parts, the brain and the spinal cord. It is responsible of the coordination of all the nervous responses as we receive several stimuli at the same time.
Summary of a reflex arc:
Stimulus → receptor → sensory neurone → relay neurone → motor neurone → effector → response
Eg:
Pin → skin → sensory neurone → relay neurone → motor neurone → muscles in foot → foot lifts
Why are swallowing and breathing reflex actions?
Because these actions need to be preformed whilst unconscious or else you could die
Why is adrenaline released in a stressful situation?
Because adrenaline increase alertness
Why is it important for organisms to be able to control their internal environment (homostasis)?
So that they can maintain a consistent internal environment. If conditions kept changing, the cells in your body wouldn’t be able to function properly.
What are hormones?
They are chemicals that are secreted by various glands in the body but they act on other parts of the body.
Where do hormones travel?
In the bloodstream to target their organs and cells
Are hormones effects faster or slower than the of the nervous stimulation effects?
Their effects are slower than the effects of the nervous stimulation but they last longer.
What is the ideal human body temperature?
37 degrees Celsius
What do the ovaries do?
Produce eggs
What is the oviduct?
It is the normal site for fertilisation
What is the uterus?
It is where the embryo develops.
What does the nervous system do?
It creates electrical impulses to enable you to react quickly to your surroundings and coordinate what you do.
What is FSH?
It is secreted by the pituitary gland. It makes eggs mature in the ovaries and stimulates the ovaries to produce oestrogen.
What is oestrogen?
It is made and secreted by the ovaries. It stimulates the lining of the womb to build up ready for pregnancy. It slows down the production of FSH.
What is LH?
When LH levels reach a peak in the middle of the cycle they stimulate the release of a mature egg.
What is progesterone?
To keep the lining consistent in the uterus.
What is a contraceptive?
A contraceptive contains oestrogen which stops the production of FSH. This means no egg matures. A contraceptive is a substance that will prevent the contraception of an embryo. It will prevent the meeting of an egg and sperm, not to be mistaken for an abortion which will destroy the embryo after the meeting of the egg and sperm.
What is a fertility drug?
They stimulate eggs to mature in the ovaries. These can be used in IVF treatments.
What does IVF stand for?
In Vitro Fertilisation
