Coordination and Control Measures

Question 1

What is the primary goal for airspace control?

Answer 1

To enhance effectiveness of joint and multinational air operations

Question 2

What are the methods of airspace control?

Answer 2

Positive and Procedural

Question 3

What is positive control?

Answer 3

Requires sensors to locate and identify airspace users in real time and communications to maintain continuous contact

-Radars
-IFF
-DDL

Question 4

What is procedural control?

Answer 4

Relies upon previously agreed to airspace control procedures and measures
-ACMs
-PSCMs
-MCMs

Question 5

What is a maneuver control measure?

Answer 5

Established by the supported and supporting commander on the surface to define lines of responsibility in support of movement and maneuver friendly forces

Question 6

What are examples of maneuver control measures?

Answer 6

Boundary
Phase Line
Foward line of troops
Axis of advance
Objective
Engagement area
Battle position
Attack by fire

Question 7

What is a boundary?

Answer 7

Line delineating surface areas for the purpose of facilitating coordination and deconfliction between adjacent units or AOs

Permissive and restrictive

Question 8

What is a Phase Line?

Answer 8

A line utilized for control and coordination of military operations

Used to control timing and tempo

Question 9

What is the FLOT?

Answer 9

Indicates the most forward position of friendly forces during and linear operation at a specific time

Does not include small, long range reconnaissance assets

Question 10

What is an axis of advance?

Answer 10

General area through which the bulk of a units combat power must move

Commander also establishes bypass criteria

Question 11

What is an objective?

Answer 11

A location used to orient operations, phase operations, facilitate changes of directions and provide for unit for effort

Question 12

What is an engagement area?

Answer 12

An area where the commander intends to contain and destroy an enemy force with the massed effects of all available weapons and supporting systems

Question 13

What is a battle position?

Answer 13

A defensive location oriented on a likely enemy avenue of approach

Primary, alternate, supplementary, subsequent, strong

Question 14

What is an attack by fire position?

Answer 14

The general position from which a unit conducts the tactical task of attack by fire

Used to mass the effects of direct fire systems for one or multiple locations toward enemy forces

Question 15

What is airspace control measures?

Answer 15

Employed to facilitate the efficient use of airspace to accomplish missions and simultaneously provide safeguards for friendly force

Question 16

What is coordinating altitude?

Answer 16

An ACM that uses altitude to separate users and transition between different airspace control element

-In MSL

Question 17

What is the coordination level?

Answer 17

An ACM below which fixed wing aircraft normally will not fly

Separate RW and FW

-In AGL

Question 18

What is an air corridor?

Answer 18

A restricted air route of travel established for the purpose of preventing friendly aircraft from being fired on by friendly forces

Question 19

What is a Restricted Operations Zone?

Answer 19

Airspace reserved for specific activities in which the operations of one or more airspace users is restricted

-MSL
-SSM, UA, ROA

Question 20

What are Fire Support Coordination Measures?

Answer 20

Employed by commanders to facilitate the rapid engagement of targets and simultaneously provide safeguards for friendly for

Question 21

What types of FSCMs are there?

Answer 21

Permissive and restrictive

Question 22

What are permissive FSCM?

Answer 22

CFL
FSCL
Battlefield coordination line
Free fire area
Killbox

Question 23

What are restrictive FSCMs?

Answer 23

Restrictive fire line
NFA
RFA
ACA

Question 24

What is the coordinated fire line?

Answer 24

A line beyond which direct and indirect fire support systems may fire without additional coordination

Still need to clear airspace

Close to FLOT as possible

Question 25

What is the fire support coordination line?

Answer 25

Established by the land/amphibious force commander to support common objectives within an AO beyond which all fires must be coordinated with affected commanders prior to engagement -FSCL applies to all joint fire based systems against surface targets

Question 26

What is the battlefield coordination line?

Answer 26

A USMC-specific FSCM that facilitates the expeditious attack of surface targets of opportunity between the measure and the FSCL -Allow AV MAGTF to attack surface targets witout GFC approval

Question 27

What is a Free Fire Area?

Answer 27

A specific area into which any weapon system may fire without additional coordination with the establishing HQ -Used to expedite joint fires -Still need to clear airspace

Question 28

What is a kill box?

Answer 28

A 3D permissive FSCM with an associated ACM used to facilitate the integration of fires Established to support interdiction efforts, not CAS

Question 29

What is a blue kill box?

Answer 29

Attack of surface targets to air-to-surface munitions

Question 30

What is purple kill box?

Answer 30

Attack of surface targets with subsurface to surface, surface to surface and air to surface munitions

Question 31

What is a restrictive fire line?

Answer 31

A specific boundary established between converging, friendly surface forces that prohibits fires or their effects from crossing The purpose is to prevent friendly fire incidents and duplication of engagements by converging friendly force

Question 32

What is the No Fire area?

Answer 32

An area designated by the appropriate commander into which fires or their effects are prohibited -When establishing HQ approves joint fires -Enemy engages friendlies in that NFA

Question 33

What is an airspace coordination area?

Answer 33

A 3D block of airspace in a target area, established by the appropriate commander, in which friendly aircraft are reasonably safe from friendly surface fires Primary used for CAS

Question 34

Types of airspace coordination areas?

Answer 34

Formal -In ACO, ATO, SPINS Informal -lateral, altitude, time separation -Not on ACO

Question 35

Considerations for developing ACA?

Answer 35

Ingress, egress, holding areas Aircraft characteristics Surface to air threats Simultaneous employment of IDF/CAS

Question 36

What do effective ACA do?

Answer 36

Allow freedom of action for air and surface fire support for the greatest number of foreseeable targe