COPD Flashcards
(31 cards)
What is ventilation?
The movement of air in and out of the lungs
Ventilation is essential for gas exchange in the lungs.
Define perfusion.
A process where oxygenated blood is delivered to the tissues and organs via the circulatory system
Perfusion is crucial for ensuring that tissues receive adequate oxygen.
What is Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary disease (COPD)?
A progressive long term disease that makes it difficult to breathe due to obstructed airflow in the lungs
COPD encompasses several conditions, including emphysema and chronic bronchitis.
Is COPD a single disease?
No, it is a category of diseases that involve obstructed airflow in the lungs.
What happens to the alveoli in emphysema?
They become damaged and enlarged, creating large and irregular air spaces.
What effect does damage to the alveoli have on gas exchange?
It reduces the surface area for gas exchange.
What is hyperinflation in the context of emphysema?
Air becomes trapped in the lungs due to loss of lung elasticity.
What occurs as perfusion decreases in emphysema?
The body becomes fatigued and breathless.
What is chronic bronchitis?
A condition where the lining of the bronchial tubes becomes chronically inflamed and swollen.
What does inflammation in chronic bronchitis lead to?
Increased mucus production which blocks the airways.
What is a common symptom of chronic bronchitis?
Coughing to clear mucus.
List some risk factors associated with COPD.
- Smoking
- Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency
- Environmental exposures
How does smoking contribute to COPD?
It contains toxic chemicals that trigger inflammation, causing swelling and excess mucus production.
What is alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency?
A condition where the body doesn’t produce enough alpha-1 antitrypsin to prevent lung damage.
What is the normal range for respiratory rate?
20-30 breaths per minute.
What is the typical oxygen saturation range for patients with COPD?
88%-92%.
What is the heart rate response in COPD patients?
Tachycardia.
What medication is used to improve airflow in COPD patients?
Salbutamol.
What is the mechanism of action of salbutamol?
Stimulates beta-2 adrenergic receptors in the airways, causing bronchodilation.
What are some side effects of salbutamol?
- Tremors
- Tachycardia
- Heart palpitations
What is the High Fowlers Position?
Elevating the head of the bed at a 60-90 degree angle.
How does the High Fowlers Position benefit patients?
It improves lung expansion, airflow, O2 exchange and reduces work of breathing
What is oxygen therapy used for in COPD patients?
To maintain and increase oxygen levels, especially for those with hypoxemia.
How is oxygen therapy administered?
- Nasal cannula
- Face mask
- Non-invasive ventilation
