COPD

Question 1

what are the three disorders that fall under the umbrella of COPD?

Answer 1

asthma
chronic bronchitis
emphysema

Question 2

what is the genetic disorder that can lead to COPD?

Answer 2

alpha 1 antitrypsin deficiency

Question 3

explain why alpha 1 antitrypsin can lead to over compliant lungs

Answer 3

alpha 1 antitrypsin is in charge of breakdown of elastase that breaks down elastin…since elastase is uninhibited with alpha 1 deficiency there will be a decrease in elastin

Question 4

what two things does emphysema lead to that are detrimental to the lung function

Answer 4

loss of elastic recoil and airway collapse

Question 5

what are four common symptoms of COPD?

Answer 5

dyspnea
cough
wheezing
fatigue

Question 6

what are the signs of COPD?

Answer 6

barrel chest
accessory muscle breathing
wheezing
LE edema 
decreased breath sounds

Question 7

what do we use to diagnose COPD?

Answer 7

spirometry

Question 8

what happens to the FEV/FVC in COPD?

Answer 8

it will be decreased

Question 9

name the four classifications of COPD?

Answer 9

mild
moderate
severe
very severe

Question 10

does you FEV/FVC lower limit of normal decrease or increase with age ?

Answer 10

decreases

Question 11

what is the characteristic appearance of COPD on a flow volume curve?

Answer 11

it will be scooped out and have a lower max flow rate

Question 12

how does FRC (functional residual capacity) change in COPD with damaged alveoli?

Answer 12

increased due to loss of elastic recoil

Question 13

with COPD, during exercise does the FRC go up or down?

Answer 13

it will rise even more…airtrapping

Question 14

if DLCO is decreased with COPD, are you more likely to have chronic bronchitis or emphysema?

Answer 14

emphysema

Question 15

what does a blue bloater COPD have?

Answer 15

chronic bronchitis

Question 16

what does a pink puffer COPD have?

Answer 16

emphysema

Question 17

what is a complication of COPD that stems from chronic hypoxemia?

Answer 17

cor pulmonale…right heart failure from pulmonary hypertension

Question 18

is there a cure COPD?

Answer 18

Nah

Question 19

what is the primary characteristic of chronic bronchitis?

Answer 19

productive sputum

Question 20

how do you diagnose emphysema?

Answer 20

CT scan…histologic diagnosis

Question 21

smoking does two things that contribute to development of COPD…what are these two things?

Answer 21

leads to neutrophils turning on elastase and breaking down more elastin

inactivates a1 antitrypsin that would degrade elastase

Question 22

in chronic bronchitis what two things happen that lead to physiologic obstruction?

Answer 22

filling of lumen with mucus

wall thickening/airway fibrosis

Question 23

what happens in emphysema that leads to physiologic obstruction?

Answer 23

loss of tethering in the alveoli

Question 24

what is the classification of COPD based on?

Answer 24

airflow limitation..specifically the FEV1/FVC ratio

Question 25

what are the three things that improve COPD outcomes?

Answer 25

smoking cessation lung ressection oxygen

Question 26

if COPD is in base of lung, is it likely genetic or other cause?

Answer 26

genetic defects hit the lower lungs

Question 27

if COPD is in the apex of the lung, is it likely genetic or other cause?

Answer 27

other cause...genetic mainly base and others in apex

Question 28

how long does cough for acute bronchitis have to be?

Answer 28

longer than 5 days...average is 18 days

Question 29

is acute bronchitis usually caused by viral or bacterial infections?

Answer 29

viral infections

Question 30

if a patient has a bacterial acute bronchitis, what else do they likely have?

Answer 30

another underlying respiratory disease

Question 31

how long must cough be for chronic bronchitis?

Answer 31

3 months per year for at least two years