Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

HLSC 220 > COPD and Asthma Drugs > Flashcards

COPD and Asthma Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

What is Status asthmaticus?

A

A medical emergency

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Broncholaoliater that is a glucocorticoid? What kind of mechanism/ drug is it?

A

B2-adrenergic agonists
salbutamol (Ventalin or Albutera)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Broncholaolater that is a Anticholinergics

A

ipratropium bromide (Atrovent)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Xanthine derivatives bronchodilator?

A

theophylline/aminophylline

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Anti-inflammatory glucocorticoid?

A

budesonide (Pulmicort)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

example of a Anti-inflammatory Leukotriene Modifier?

A

montelukast (Singulair)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What kind of drug salbutamol? How is it used? When is it used? (Ventalin or Albutera)

A

It is a Selective b2 drug that Activates airway smooth muscle b2 receptors

-It is a short-acting drug relaxes smooth muscles of the airway and results in bronchial dilation

It is used for acute attacks to quickly reduce airway constriction and restore normal airflow , it is not to be used on its own or as a preventative medication! it is often combined with other medication

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Theraputic uses of glucocorticoids as respiratory medication?

A

They are a first line therapy for management of the inflammatory component of asthma, the provide significant long term control and management of symptoms and because of this they play an important role

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Care Implications Bronchodilators: β-Agonists ?

A

-Encourage measures that promote good state of health in order to prevent, relieve, or decrease symptoms of asthma/COPD

-avoid exposure to conditions that precipitate bronchospasms (smoking, allergens, stress, air pollutants)

Adequate fluid intake

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What Bronchodilators: Anticholinergics is used to prevent bronchoconstriction ? Compared to salbutamol how fast does it last? What kind of action does it have? What is it not used for?

A

ipratropium bromide (Atrovent)

Slow(er) and prolonged action
compared to salbutamol

NOT used alone for acute exacerbations!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Example of oral Bronchodilators: Methylxanthines?

A

Theophylline

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Example of IV Bronchodilators: Methylxanthines? How is it different from theophylline?

A

Aminophylline

It is more water soluable

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What do Methylxanthines allow greater of? what do they provide a quick relief from?

A

-Quick relief of bronchospasm
greater airflow into and out of the lungs

Bronchial smooth muscle relaxation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

When do we use/ what are the indications if use for Xanthine Derivatives? What do they adjunctively treat?

A

-Used for the treatment of mild to moderate cases of acute asthma

-Adjunct agent in the management of COPD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Methylxanthines: Adverse Effects on CV and GI systems?

A

CNS stimulation:
CV stimulation
Palpitations (increased force of contraction/fast HR)
Sinus tachycardia (increased HR)
Ventricular dysrhythmias

GI Distress:
nausea, vomiting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Care Implications: Methylxanthines? what must our patients report?

A

Encourage to have them report to physician:
Palpitations
Nausea and/or Vomiting
Weakness or Dizziness
Chest pain
Convulsions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Methylxanthines: Interactions, what happens with increased effects of theophylline? Large amounts of caffeine? What happens with Decreased effects of theophylline?

A

-Increased effects of theophylline:
Ciprofloxacin (fluroquinilone antibacterial)
inhibits liver CYP metabolism
many others
Large amounts of caffeine can intensify adverse effects

Decreased effects of theophylline:
increases metabolism of xanthines

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What do inhaled forms of glucocorticoids reduce? How long does it take to reach a therapeutic effect?

A

Inhaled forms reduce systemic effects

May take several weeks for full therapeutic effect

19
Q

Inhaled glucocorticoid? What is it often combined with to form a certain kind of drug>

A

budesonide

Budesonide + formoterol (Symbicort)

20
Q

What is fluticasone? used alone what is it called? What other medication is it combined with?

A

-used alone (Flovent)

-used in combination Advair diskus
combo with long-acting b2- agonist salmeterol

21
Q

Why should brinchodilators be used several min before glucocorticoid is administered?

A

bronchodilator should be used several minutes before the glucocorticoid to provide bronchodilation before administration of the glucocorticoid

22
Q

What do Leukotrienes do? What can they cause?

A

-released in immune responses from (eg mast cells, eosinophils) in asthma
Leukotrienes cause

Leukotrienes cause:
-inflammation
-bronchoconstriction
-mucus production
-leucocyte recruitment

23
Q

What are the Suppressing leukotriene effects?

A

-Prevent smooth muscle contraction of the
bronchial airways

-Decrease mucus secretion

-Prevent vascular permeability

-Decrease neutrophil and other leukocyte infiltration to the lungs, preventing inflammation

24
Q

Example of a Leukotriene receptor antagonists? How is it tolerated?

A

-montelukast: it’s generally well tolerated

25
Q

Example of a Leukotriene synthesis inhibitor?

A

zileuton

26
Q

Leukotriene Modulators: Indications/ when do we use them? What are they not used for? When can improvements be seen?

A

Prophylaxis and chronic treatment of asthma in adults and children
montelukast in children ages 2 and older (Canada)

NOT for acute asthmatic attacks, they are used for chronic management of asthma

on a continuous schedule, Improvement should be seen in 1 day - 1 week

27
Q

H1 antagonists are? What do some also act as?

A

Antihistamines
some also act as anticholinergic drugs

28
Q

What are H2 blockers or H2 antagonists used for? What are they generally not referred to as?

A

-used to reduce gastric acid in PUD (peptic ulcer disease)
-generally not referred to as ‘antihistamines’

29
Q

Histamine-mediated disorders?

A

Allergic rhinitis (hay fever, mould and dust allergies)
Anaphylaxis
Angioedema
Drug fevers- usually young children
Insect bite reactions
Urticaria (redness and itching)

30
Q

Antihistamines: Mechanism of Action/ how do they work? Antihistamine effect

A

Block of H1 receptors prevents the adverse consequences of histamine receptor (increase vasodilation and capillary permeability)

Reduce dilation of blood vessels
Reduce increased permeability of blood vessels

31
Q

Histamine action/ how does it work?

A

Dilation and increased permeability

32
Q

What kind of effects do traditional Antihistamines have?

A

Have anticholinergic effects

33
Q

Example of traditional histamine? Downside? What can it also be used as?

A

diphenhydramine (Benadryl); chlorpheniramine
-Sedation/drowsiness
-also used as a sleep aid

34
Q

What is the Drying effect that traditional antihistamines reduce?

A

nasal
lacrimal gland secretions (runny nose, tearing, and itching eyes)
salivary

35
Q

Traditional antihistamine adverse effects?

A

Dry mouth (reduced salivary secretions)
Difficulty urinating
Constipation
Changes in vision (dilated pupils, blurred vision)

36
Q

What kind of CNS effects do non-traditional antihistamines have?

A

Have fewer CNS adverse effects

37
Q

Example of non-traditional antihistamines?

A

Loratadine (Claratin)

38
Q

What do you not consume when taking traditional antihistamines?

A

Do not consume alcohol or other CNS depressants.

39
Q

What kind of drugs are Antitussives? What are they used for? What is the most common form of them?

A

-Drugs used to stop or reduce coughing
antitussives
-most common form is in opioids

40
Q

What kind of coughs are antitussives used for?

A

Used only for nonproductive coughs! (dry cough)

41
Q

What is Dextromethorphan? What kind of drug is it? What kind of effects does it NOT have?

A

-It is a common OTC antitussive
-it is a Synthetic opioid-like compound
-does NOT produce morphine-like effects

42
Q

Antitussives: Adverse Effects (codeine)

A

*Constipation
typical opioid effects

43
Q

Antitussives: Adverse Effects Dextromethorphan (Benylin)

A

Dizziness, drowsiness, nausea
much less than CNS effects of codiene

44
Q

Antitussive Agents: Nursing Implications/ what must we watch for?

A

cough that lasts more than a week
-persistent headache
fever
-rash
*-Antitussive agents are for nonproductive coughs *

HLSC 220 (18 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions