COPR Flashcards

Question

What is the classification of haloperidol?

Answer 1

Antipsychotic

Answer 2

- Ejection from vehicle - Death in same passenger compartment - Fall from higher than 6m - Rollover of vehicle - High-speed vehicle collision - Auto-ped collision - Motorcycle crash - Penetration of head, chest or abdomen

Answer 3

- Symptomatic bradycardia - Organophosphate poisioning - Premedication of succinylcholine in children 16 or less years old

Answer 4

- Severe hypotension | - Vasodilatory shock

Answer 5

It is the tearing of a joint capsule's connective tissue

Answer 6

Uterine or cervical surgery

Answer 7

- Positive End Expiratory Pressure - Prevents alveoli from closing, achieves lung recruitment, but too much can decrease blood return to the heart, decreasing cardiac output - Natural, physiological PEEP is 5cmH20

Answer 8

Abnormal clarity of patient's transmitted voice sounds

Answer 9

Briefly review the interview and your interpretation of the situation. Ask open-ended questions, if needed, to allow the patient to clarify details

Answer 10

0.12-0.20 seconds

Answer 11

- Hypersensitivity | - Ischemic chest pain

Answer 12

Minutes to hours

Answer 13

- Diazoxide (Hyperstat IV) - Hydralazine (Apresoline) - Minoxidil (Loniten) - Sodium Nitroprusside (Nipride, Nitropress)

Answer 14

Occurs when the infant's face is facing the mother's front during the descent through the birth canal

Answer 15

It occurs when the pressure at the end of the exhalation does not return to the baseline pressure, causing increased thoracic pressure resulting in decreased blood return to the heart

Answer 16

A waveform that is partly positive and partly negative

Answer 17

Triage, Treatment, Transport, Transfer

Answer 18

It is the ability to make an informed decision about medical care

Answer 19

Sympathomimetic

Answer 20

State your interpretation of the information

Answer 21

5-10mcg/kg/min

Answer 22

25 - 50 mg/kg IV/IO mixed in 5ml

Answer 23

- Hypotension (SBP < 90 mmHg) - Severe bradycardia/tachycardia - Increased ICP or intracranial hemorrhage - ED medications in the past 24 hours

Answer 24

Beta I receptor blockade resulting in negative chronotropic, inotropic, and dromotropic response. End result is a decrease in myocardial oxygen consumption and work load

Answer 25

0.5 mg/kg IM/IV q 4 - 6 hrs, max 30 mg/day

Answer 26

- Bronchodilator | - Sympathomimetic B-2 agonish

Answer 27

- Primary assessment - Focused history and secondary assessment - Ongoing assessment - Detained secondary assessment

Answer 28

0.15 mg/kg IM/IV max 10 mg

Answer 29

Asks whether you would be willing to undergo this procedure or action if you were in the patient's place

Answer 30

It serves to support or improve patients ventilation system, oxygenation while minimizing lung injury

Answer 31

2 g in 100 ml NS over 10 - 30 min

Answer 32

0.01 - 0.02 mg/kg SQ

Answer 33

0.05 - 0.2 mg/kg IV/IM/IN titrate to effect. Max 2.5 mg IV, max 5 mg IM/IN

Answer 34

- Acidosis | - Alkalosis

Answer 35

The strength, which can be weak, thready, strong or bounding

Answer 36

- Antiemetic - Antihistamine - Anticholinergic

Answer 37

Persistent hypotension and tissue hypoperfusion due to cardiac dysfunction in the presence of adequate intravascular volume and left ventricle filling pressure

Answer 38

- distance - relative level - stance

Answer 39

How easily the lungs expand

Answer 40

- Stimulates alpha and beta receptors, primarily alpha - + inotrope - + chronotrope - Increases coronary artery blood flow - Causes severe vasoconstriction (increasing SVR)

Answer 41

Decreased LOC and respiratory depression in a suspected opioid overdose

Answer 42

2 - 5 mg IV

Answer 43

It is a break in a bone in which the bone is compressed on itself

Answer 44

It displaces opioids from receptors, reversing the effects of narcotic overdose

Answer 45

125 - 250 mcg mixed with ventolin and/or NS to a minimum of 2cc

Answer 46

- Multiple births - Cephalopelvic disproportion - Precipitous delivery - Shoulder dystocia - Meconium staining

Answer 47

HCO3- level

Answer 48

It is a condition that occurs when the body produces excessive quantities of acid or when the kidneys are not removing enough acid from the body

Answer 49

The contraction of the heart (usually referring to ventricular contraction) during which blood is propelled into the pulmonary arteries and aorta; when the term is used without reference to a specific chamber of the heart, the term implies ventricular systole

Answer 50

- Hypersensitivity - Undiagnosed abdominal pain - Head injury - MAO inhibitors

Answer 51

Arms flexed, legs extended

Answer 52

- Sedative | - Hypnotic

Answer 53

- Altered mental status - SOB - Retractions - Asymmetric chest wall movement - Accessory muscle use - Cyanosis - Audible sounds - Abnormal rate or pattern - Nasal flaring

Answer 54

- Essential component for functional integrity of nervous and muscular systems - Enhances automaticity - Positive inotrope

Answer 55

- Captopril (Capoten) - Enalapril (Vasotec) - Lisinopril (Prinivil, Zestril) - Ramipril (Altace)

Answer 56

120-200J biphasic | 200J monophasic

Answer 57

Microorganisms capable of producing disease, such as bacteria or viruses

Answer 58

It is muscle pain resulting from overactivity, lack of oxygen, and accumulation of waste products

Answer 59

It is a condition in which increased respiration elevates the blood pH beyond the normal range (7.35-7.45) with a concurrent reduction in arterial levels of carbon dioxide.

Answer 60

1 - 2 puffs

Answer 61

An angiocatheter is inserted into an artery to monitor real-time blood pressure and to obtain samples for arterial blood gas measurements

Answer 62

1-2 mg/kg IM/IV/IO (max 50mg)

Answer 63

- Stimulates the release of glycogen from the liver, for glycogenolysis - Smooth muscle relaxant

Answer 64

A physician who is legally responsible for all the clinical and patient-care aspects of an EMS system

Answer 65

Valves in the heart that separate the atria from the ventricles; the tricuspid valve separates the right atrium and the right ventricle, the mitral valve separates the left atrium and left ventricle

Answer 66

- Hyperkalemia - Hypocalcemia - CCB overdose - Hypomagnesaemia - Respiratory depression of after administration of MgSO4 - To prevent hypotension from calcium channel blockers

Answer 67

Loud, prolonged, gurgling bowel sounds indicating hyperperistalsis

Answer 68

The difference in electrical charge across the cell membrane

Answer 69

It is how hard the patient works to breath

Answer 70

- Peek Inspiratory Pressure - Greatest pressure measured during the inspiratory phase. The pressure is used to deliver the tidal volume by overcoming the non-elastic (airways) and the elastic (lung parenchyma) resistance

Answer 71

Defibrillation dose (do not sync)

Answer 72

Skin surface thins and markings disappear, semitransparent parchment like appearance

Answer 73

Phase of cardiac cycle when ventricles relax

Answer 74

It corresponds with the downslope of the T wave; cardiac cells can be stimulated to depolarize if the stimulus is strong enough

Answer 75

Neuromuscular-blocking agent (Non-depolarizing)

Answer 76

An intentional false communication that injures another person's reputation or good name

Answer 77

0.05mg/kg IV/IM/ETT, repeat q 10-20 min to decrease signs and symptoms

Answer 78

- Tidal volume | - Volume of gas inhaled/exhaled for one respiratory cycle

Answer 79

- Respiratory | - Metabolic

Answer 80

- Inspection - Palpation - Percussion - Auscultation

Answer 81

Share factual or objective information related to the message

Answer 82

- Bicarbonate - Phosphate - Protein

Answer 83

- Circulatory overload due to: - acute pulmonary edema - CHF - Hypertensive emergency

Answer 84

The passage of blood through an organ or tissue

Answer 85

- Decreased heart function due to cardiac contractility | - Systolic BP 70-100mmHg with no signs of shock

Answer 86

Antidysrhythmic

Answer 87

It is a complete displacement of a bone end from its position in a joint capsule

Answer 88

A pulse rate faster than 100

Answer 89

The lower portion of the heart, the tip of the ventricles (approximately the level of the fifth left inter-coastal space); points leftward, downward and forward

Answer 90

- pour out information easily - reveal some things and conceal others - resist responding

Answer 91

- Hormone - Uterine stimulant - Oxytocic - Uterotonic

Answer 92

- Pt is unresponsive - Activate emergency response and get an AED - Check pulse *Is there a definite pulse within 10 seconds* - Begin CPR 30:2 - AED arrives - Check rhythm - If shockable, give 1 shock and resume CPR - If not shockable, resume CPR

Answer 93

Elevated firm spot with varying color from brown to red or pink to purpilish red and has a diameter less than 1cm

Answer 94

The resistance of the flow of blood determined by blood vessel diameter and the tone of the vascular musculature

Answer 95

The amount of air one breath moves into and out of the lungs

Answer 96

- Inspiratory time - Can fluctuate to achieve adequate Vt. - Long Ti is utilized to give more time to deliver the Vt, increasing alveolar distension and gas exchange -

Answer 97

The imposition of your beliefs, values, and patterns of behaviour on people of another culture

Answer 98

A law that is enacted by governmental agencies at either the federal/provincial/territorial level

Answer 99

2-20 mcg/kg/min IV. Start slow and titrate quickly as necessary for desired effects

Answer 100

The production of sound waves by striking one object against another

Answer 101

250 - 500 mcg mixed with ventolin q 20 minutes x3

Answer 102

- Breech presentation - Prolapsed cord - Limb presentation - Occiput posterior

Answer 103

Anticoagulant

Answer 104

The number of pulses felt in one minute

Answer 105

It is rapid, deep respirations (gasping) with short pauses between sets

Answer 106

The principle of law that prohibits the release of medical or other personal information about a patient without the patient's consent

Answer 107

150mg over 10 mins

Answer 108

Reduces blood pressure by blocking renin stimulation of angiotensinogen and inhibiting the RAAS

Answer 109

- Hydrogenated ketone derivative of morphine that acts as a narcotic analgesic. It has a shorter duration of action than morphine. It is approximately 8 times more potent on a milligram basis than morphine. - Exerts its principal pharmacological effect on the CNS and GI tract. Binds to opiod receptors ( mu and delta) in the CNS producing analgesia and euphoria - Multiple actions but works primarily on the CNS and organs containing the smooth muscle

Answer 110

Ventricular depolarization

Answer 111

- Analgesic | - Antipyretic

Answer 112

Antiplatelet agent

Answer 113

Induction for RSI

Answer 114

Left ventricular failure

Answer 115

Action or inaction of the paramedic that immediately caused or worsened the damage suffered by the patient

Answer 116

Decrease in the body's core temperature

Answer 117

- Hypersensitivity - Liver disease - Major burns

Answer 118

- Refractory VF/pulseless VT - Polymorphic VT and wide complex tachycardia of unknown origin - Control of hemodynamically stable VT - Runs of VT post cardiac arrest

Answer 119

A response to a message

Answer 120

- Hypovolemia - Hypoxia - Hydrogen ions (acidosis) - Hypo/hyperkalemia - Hypothermia - Tension pneumothorax - Tamponade, cardiac - Toxins - Thrombosis, pulmonary - Thrombosis, coronary

Answer 121

Washing an object with such cleaners as soap and water

Answer 122

The normal tension of the skin

Answer 123

- 6mg rapid IV push | - 12mg rapid IV push

Answer 124

Opening of the aortic valve during LV systole, allows blood to rapidly eject into the aorta

Answer 125

- silence - reflection - facilitation - empathy - clarification - confrontation - interpretation - explanation - summarization

Answer 126

Inhibits the P2Y12 of ADP receptor on the platelet which inhibits platelet aggregation by blocking the activation of glycoprotein IIb/IIIa pathway

Answer 127

The valves in the heart that are shaped like half-moons; the pulmonic valve prevents the backflow of blood from the pulmonary arteries into the right ventricle; the aortic valve prevents the backflow of blood from the aorta into the left ventricle

Answer 128

25 - 75 mcg/kg IV as needed

Answer 129

1.0 mg/kg IV/IM max 25mg

Answer 130

Higher than normal sodium level in blood

Answer 131

Antidysrhythmic

Answer 132

It is a condition that occurs when the lungs are unable to remove enough of the carbon dioxide (CO2) produced by the body. Excess CO2 causes the pH of the blood and other bodily fluids to decrease, making them to acidic

Answer 133

Synchronized cardioversion

Answer 134

Lower than normal sodium level in blood

Answer 135

The amount of blood ejected from a ventricle with each heartbeat

Answer 136

Narcotic analgesic

Answer 137

- Hypersensitivity - Active thromboembolic disease (PE, CVA, DVT) - Unable to initiate bolus within the time limit

Answer 138

A condition in which the heart is unable to pump enough blood to meet the metabolic needs of the body

Answer 139

Number of times a woman has been pregnant

Answer 140

25 - 50 mg

Answer 141

Inadvertently applied PEEP caused from air trapping or over inflated lungs

Answer 142

The number of times a patient breathes in one minute

Answer 143

Linear red crack ranging into the dermis

Answer 144

A linear, may be hollow or crusted, caused by a loss of epidermis leaving the dermis exposed

Answer 145

1 mg IM/IV

Answer 146

It encourages the speaker to provide more information

Answer 147

- Heart block | - Myocardial damage

Answer 148

- Mean Airway Pressure - Effects oxygenation and influences ventilation: too high ventilation may drop due to decreased compliance from overdistension, too low hypoventilation may occur due to atelectasis

Answer 149

It is the development of seizures in a woman with severe preeclampsia

Answer 150

- Hypersensitivity - Increased ICP - Seizure disorder - Uncontrolled HTN

Answer 151

- Less potent then morphine; 60 - 80 mg of meperidine roughly equivalent to 10 mg of morphine - CNS depressant, providing both analgesia and sedation - Does not have the hemodynamic properties as morphine but has the tendency for physical depedence and abuse

Answer 152

Refers to the abnormal implantation of the fertilized eggs outside of the uterus

Answer 153

A depression in the epidermis, caused by tissue loss

Answer 154

Beta-adrenergic receptor blocking agent

Answer 155

Crackling sensation caused by air just underneath the skin

Answer 156

A blood pressure higher than normal

Answer 157

The presence of a blood clot in the pulmonary vascular system

Answer 158

- Hypoglycemia - Beta blocker overdose - Esophageal foreign body

Answer 159

Woman who has not been pregnant

Answer 160

1mg/min over 6 hours 150mg in 250ml NS infuse at 100ml/hr

Answer 161

0.1-0.3 mg/kg over 15-30 seconds

Answer 162

They are working cells of the myocardium that contain contractile filaments and form the muscular layer of the atrial walls and the thicker muscular layer of the ventricular walls

Answer 163

It is a normal rate, but with deep respiration's

Answer 164

To check your understanding and to reassure the speaker, echo her message back to her using your own words

Answer 165

It is an absence of breathing

Answer 166

A broken bone in which the bone ends or the forces that caused the break do not penetrate the skin

Answer 167

Converts thrombus-bound plasminogen to plasmin, which degrades the fibrin matrix of the thrombus

Answer 168

- IV access and 12 lead if available - Consider adenosine only if regular and monomorphic - Consider antiarrhythmic infusion - Consider expert consultation

Answer 169

- Abortion - Ectopic pregnancy - Placenta previa - Abruptio placentae

Answer 170

- Possible ischemia due to: - Unstable angina - AMI - Pulmonary edema

Answer 171

- Hypersensitivity - Hemophilia - Severe liver damage - Shock - Active bleeding - IM injections - History of heparin induced thrombocytopenia - Do not use concurrently with unfractionated heparin

Answer 172

Lower than normal potassium level in blood

Answer 173

- Fever - Anxiety - Exercise - Shock

Answer 174

Is the loss of 500cc or more blood immediately following the delivery

Answer 175

Bulges in the flanks and across the abdomen, indicating edema caused by congestive heart failure

Answer 176

- Cloninide (Catapres) - Methyldopa (Aldomet) - Guanabenz (Wytensin) - Guanfacine (Tenex)

Answer 177

- Symptomatic bradycardia - Cardiac arrest - Anaphylaxis - Severe asthma - Croup/stridor

Answer 178

Achieve paralysis to facilitate endotracheal intubation

Answer 179

- Chemical buffer - Respiratory system - Renal system

Answer 180

- Renal Failure - Metabolic Acidosis - Diabetic Ketoacidosis

Answer 181

- Crackles - Wheezes - Rhonchi - Stridor - Pleural rubs

Answer 182

- Decreasing inspiratory time - Decreasing the respiratory rate - Adjusting the pressure support (PS) flow term up - Increasing flow rate - Bronchodilatory therapy - Increasing PEEP level

Answer 183

It is a condition in which the pH of the tissue is elevated beyond the normal range (7.35-7.45). This is a result of decreased hydrogen ion concentration, leading to increased bicarbonate, or alternatively a direct result of increased bicarbonate concentrations

Answer 184

Acute coronary syndrome

Answer 185

Reddish legs radiate from the red spot

Answer 186

Uses constant flow of gas, time cycled serves to administer breaths at fixed intervals, pressure limited to pre-set pressure that once reached remains for the duration of the inspiratory time

Answer 187

A broken bone in which the bone ends or the forces that caused the break to penetrate the surrounding skin

Answer 188

- It is a condition during pregnancy that is characterized by hypertension and protein in the urine - Usually occurs after week 34 and can develop after the baby is born

Answer 189

An action or inaction that violates the standard of care expected from a paramedic

Answer 190

Anticholinergic

Answer 191

- Facilitation - Reflection - Clarification

Answer 192

- Parkinson's - CNS depression, coma - Underlying correctable causes - Previous history of neuroleptic malignant syndrome

Answer 193

- Competing/controlling - Avoiding - Accommodating - Compromising - Collaboration

Answer 194

Anti-arrhythmic (Class 1b)

Answer 195

- Hypersensitivity - Active pathological bleeding - Reference to local protocols

Answer 196

Trauma with all of the following: - Less than 3 hours since time of injury - Systolic BP < 80 mmHg or HR > 110 - Suspicion of significant hemorrhagic blood loss

Answer 197

0.3-0.5 mg IM/SQ 1:1000 or 0.1 mg IV 1:10000

Answer 198

1.0 mg/kg IV

Answer 199

Light crackling, popping, non-musical sounds heard usually during inspiration

Answer 200

Tidal volume is maintained at the expense of peak airway pressure, increasing the risk of barotrauma

Answer 201

Occurs when the infant's head is too big to pass through the maternal pelvis easily

Answer 202

Competes with epinepherine to occupy beta-adrenergic receptors in the heart, blood vessels, lungs and CNS

Answer 203

Elevated area with a diameter less than 1cm and contains serous fluid

Answer 204

Occurs when the infant's shoulders are larger than the head

Answer 205

2 - 4 g IV/IO in 100 ml over 10 - 30 min with a maintenance infusion of 1g/hr

Answer 206

- Skeletal muscle relaxant - Paralyzes skeletal muscle including respiratory muscles - Acts by competitively binding to nicotinic cholinergic receptors. The binding of vecuronium decreases the opportunity for acetylcholine to bind to the nicotinic receptor at the post junctional membrane of the muscular neural junction. As a result, depolarization is prevented, calcium ions are not released and muscle contraction does not occur

Answer 207

- Stable narrow complex tachycardia | - Monomorphic wide complex tachycardia

Answer 208

Less than 0.38 seconds

Answer 209

The discoloration over the flanks suggestive of intra-abdominal bleeding

Answer 210

It is hypertrophy of the right ventricle resulting from disorders of the lungs; CHF secondary to pulmonary hypertension

Answer 211

- Postpartum hemorrhage - Uterine rupture - Uterine inversion - Pulmonary embolism

Answer 212

Pain relief

Answer 213

Woman who has delivered more than one baby

Answer 214

The sounds of blood hitting arterial walls

Answer 215

0.1 mg/kg 2- 3 min, max 2.0 mg per dose

Answer 216

A pulse rate slower than 60

Answer 217

Phase of cardiac cycle when the ventricles contract

Answer 218

Pancreatic hormone

Answer 219

The difference between systolic and diastolic blood pressure

Answer 220

1.5 mg/kg IV, max dose 150 mg

Answer 221

25-50 mg IM/IV/IO

Answer 222

Amiodarone

Answer 223

0.11 second

Answer 224

- Competes with free histamine for binding and blocks H1 histamine receptors - Antagonizes the effects of histamine on Histamine (HA) receptors, leading to a reduction of the negative symptoms brought on by histamine - CNS depressant - Has antiemetic properties

Answer 225

7.35 - 7.45

Answer 226

- Antagonizes central and peripheral dopamine receptors, as well as 5HT4 receptor agonistic properties, which raises the threshold of activity in the chemo-receptor trigger zone, resulting in Antiemetic effects - Increases the amplitude and tone of gastric contractions, increases peristalsis and causes accelerated gastric emptying and intestinal tract

Answer 227

- Untreated hypovolemia | - Vasodilatory shock (septic, neurogenic, anaphylactic)

Answer 228

Atrial depolarization

Answer 229

Sympathomimetic

Answer 230

The right ventricle fails as an effective forward pump, causing back pressure of blood into systemic venous circulation and venous congestion

Answer 231

- Patient's physical condition - Patient's fear of talking - Patients intentions to deceive

Answer 232

Abnormal clarity of patient's transmitted whispers

Answer 233

It gives the patient time to gather her thoughts and add to what has been said

Answer 234

Decreased supply of oxygenated blood to a body part or organ

Answer 235

1 mEq/kg slow IVP, repeat 0.5 mEq/kg q 10 min PRN

Answer 236

Continuous high-pitched musical sounds similar to a whistle

Answer 237

A disruption in the epiphyseal plate of a child's bone

Answer 238

- Esmolol (Brevibloc) - Propranolol (Inderal) - Metoprolol (Lopressor) - Nadolol (Corgard) - Timolol (Blocadren) - Atenolol (Tenormin)

Answer 239

Reddish-purple blotches with a diameter more than 0.5cm

Answer 240

Induction and maintenance of sedation

Answer 241

8-16 mg/kg over 3 minutes

Answer 242

- Deformities - Contusion - Abrasions - Penetration - Burns - Tenderness - Laceration - Swelling

Answer 243

Untreated hypovolemia

Answer 244

The number of pregnancies carried to full term

Answer 245

- Skeletal muscle relaxant - Paralyzes skeletal muscles including respiratory muscles - Competitive acetylcholine antagonist on neuromuscular junctions displacing the Ach from its post-synaptic nicotinic Ach receptors and causes no spontaneous depolarization

Answer 246

Narcotic analgesic

Answer 247

Reddish-purple spots with a diameter less than 0.5cm

Answer 248

Lateral (High)

Answer 249

Mucolytic agent

Answer 250

The process of responding to your patient's statements with words or gestures that demonstrate your understanding

Answer 251

The portion of the conduction system consisting of the bundle of His, bundle branches, and Purkinje fibres

Answer 252

- Hypersensitivity - Narrow-angle glaucoma - Patients in shock with depressed vital signs - Alcoholic coma - Myasthenia Gravis - Acute pulmonary insufficiency - COPD - Pregnancy - Renal failure

Answer 253

- Alkalinizing agent | - Electrolyte

Answer 254

They reduce blood pressure by blocking the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II

Answer 255

Help the patient focus on one particular factor of the interview

Answer 256

The amount of gas, in litres, exhaled by the lungs in one minute - Determining factors: pH, PaCO2, disease states - VE = Vt x RR

Answer 257

Potentiates antithrombin III (which inhibits coagulation) and decreases the formation of thrombin

Answer 258

- VF/VT - Stable VT with a pulse - Wide-complex tachycardia of unknown origin

Answer 259

Red, thread like line

Answer 260

- Maintain paralysis post intubation after RSI - Maintain patient and crew safety in a combative patient, after patient intubation - To ease ventilation and/or oxygenation of intubated patients

Answer 261

Identification with an understanding of another's situation, feelings, and motives

Answer 262

0.4 - 2.0 mg IV q 2 - 3 min

Answer 263

5mg/kg (max 300mg) diluted in 5ml NS rapid IV push. Repeat up to 15mg/kg/24hr

Answer 264

1.0 mg/kg with subsequent doses of 0.5 mg/kg q 10 min (max 3.0 mg/kg)

Answer 265

Listening with a stethoscope for sounds produced by the body

Answer 266

Reddish-purple blotches with varying sizes

Answer 267

Bluish legs that radiate from a blue center

Answer 268

25g IVP, may repeat once

Answer 269

0.04 - 0.1 mg/kg IV; repeat dose of 0.01 - 0.02 mg/kg q 20 mins

Answer 270

- Trauma patient with significant MOI - Trauma patient with isolated injury - Responsive medical patient - Unresponsive medical patient

Answer 271

0.5 mg IM/IV/SQ (< 20 kg) Max dose 1 mg

Answer 272

Stimulates both alpha and beta receptors: - alpha: increases peripheral vasoconstriction (increases SVR) - beta: increases heart rate, contractility, stroke volume Different effects at different doses: 1-3mcg/kg/min: renal and mesenteric perfusion 3-10 mcg/kg/min: mixed alpha and beta effects 10-20 mcg/kg/min: primarily alpha effects

Answer 273

The degree of care, skill, and judgement expected under like or similar circumstances from a similarly trained, reasonable paramedic in the same community

Answer 274

Combined strength, direction, and nature of forces that injured your patient

Answer 275

Ask the speaker to help you understand, when you need to eliminate confusion about what has been said

Answer 276

It is a break in a bone that is associated with prolonged or repeated stresses

Answer 277

0.08 - 0.1 mg/kg

Answer 278

Selectively stimulates the smooth musculature of the uterus, resulting in increased uterine muscle tone and increased frequency and strength of contractions

Answer 279

It is the premature separation of a normally implanted placenta from the uterine wall - Poses a life threat to both the baby and the mother - Sudden, sharp, tearing like pain in the third trimester are key indicators

Answer 280

Benzodiazepine

Answer 281

0.02mg/kg IV q 3-5 min, 0.1 mg minimum dose due to risk of paradoxic bradycardia, max dose 0.5mg for child and 1.0 mg for adolescent

Answer 282

The difficulty in breathing while lying supine

Answer 283

- Sprain - Subluxation - Dislocation

Answer 284

The movement of ions across a cell membrane, causing the inside of the cell to become more positive; an electrical event expected to result in contraction

Answer 285

A small bundle of nerve fibers

Answer 286

- Non Invasive Positive Pressure Ventilation - Consists of any form of ventilatory support without ETT. Provides two levels of pressure (I to E) and the Pt's airway, that is triggered by the pt and/or the ventilator

Answer 287

It is a type of nociceptive pain that is also referred to as skin, tissue, or muscle pain, the nerves that detect somatic pain are located in the skin and deep tissues

Answer 288

0.5 - 1 mcg/kg IVP over 3 - 5 min, max 100 mcg

Answer 289

Cleaning with an agent that can kill some microorganisms on the surface of the object

Answer 290

The obligation not to harm the patient

Answer 291

Duty to Act Breach of that Duty Actual Damages Proximate Cause

Answer 292

Lateral curvature of the spine

Answer 293

Coughing up blood

Answer 294

It is pain felt in a part of the body other than its actual source

Answer 295

0.05 mg/kg slow IV push; total single dose 4 mg, repeat q 10-15 minutes to a max of 8 mg

Answer 296

0.6 - 1.2 mg/kg IV, repeat q 30 min at 0.1 - 0.2 mg/kg PRN

Answer 297

Higher than normal potassium level in blood

Answer 298

- Hypersensitivity | - Unable to ventilation the patient with BVM

Answer 299

- Hypersensitivity - GI bleed, mechanical obstruction or perforation - Pheochromocytoma, as it may lead to a HTN crisis - Seizure disorder

Answer 300

Woman who has yet to deliver her first child

Answer 301

- Pain relief - AMI/ACS - CHF

Answer 302

- Hypotension - Altered mental status - Signs of shock - Ischemic chest discomfort - Acute heart failure

Answer 303

5 mcg/kg/min

Answer 304

Carbonic acid

Answer 305

The period after repolarization of a myocardial cell (also called the resting state) when the outside of the cell is positive and the interior of the cell is negative

Answer 306

Blood in the urine

Answer 307

- Procedural sedation - Sedation for RSI/RSS - Maintenance of sedation post-intubation - Anticonvulsant therapy - Combative or violent patients - MSK injuries in combination with analgesics

Answer 308

Attaches to cholinergic (nicotinic) receptors of the motor end plate and produces depolarization (may cause fasciculations). Subsequent blockade of impulse transmission is produced as succinylcholine is not rapidly hydrolysed by acetylcholinesterase

Answer 309

It is a partial fracture of a child's bone

Answer 310

35 - 45 mmHg

Answer 311

- 0.75 mg/kg (max 75 mg) SQ (lateral abdomen) | - No IV dose

Answer 312

Moderate to severe pain

Answer 313

- Stimulates the B1 receptors in the heart resulting in increased cardiac output - Increases contractility without inducing marked tachycardia (positive inotrope) - Increases stroke volume - Some increase in heart rate (positive chronotrope) - Decreased systemic vascular resistance - Reduces ventricular filling pressure

Answer 314

2.5-5mcg/kg/min IV, titrating to SBP of greater than 90

Answer 315

The amount of blood pumped into the aorta each minute by the heart; defined as the stroke volume multipled by the heart rate

Answer 316

1 - 2 mg slow IVP until desired effect

Answer 317

- Maintain's balance by absorbing or excreting acids and bases - Kidney's can produce HCO3- to replenish lost supplies - When blood is acidic, kidney's reabsorb HCO3- and excrete H+ - When blood is alkaline, the kidney's excrete HCO3- and retain H+

Answer 318

Electrically charged particles

Answer 319

- Diltiazem (Cardizem) - Nicardipine (Cardene) - Nifedipine (Procardia/Adalat) - Verapamil (Calan, Isoptin) - Amlodipine (Norvasc)

Answer 320

An increased respiratory rate

Answer 321

- prolongs the cardiac action potential and refractory period - inhibits alpha and beta adrenergic stimulation resulting in the relaxation of vascular smooth muscle and decreases peripheral vascular resistance - Class I: blocks Na channels, Class II: inhibits sympathetic stimulation, Class III: blocks K channels, Class IV: blocks Ca channels (weakly)

Answer 322

4 mg in 250 ml of D5W

Answer 323

A breach of duty by failure to perform a required act or duty

Answer 324

The obligation to treat all patients fairly

Answer 325

- Relaxes vascular smooth muscle, there by dilating the veins and arterioles, causing blood pooling, which reduces preload - Reduces left ventricular systolic wall tension, which decreases afterload

Answer 326

- Mental status and speech - Cranial nerves - Motor system - Sensory system - Reflexes

Answer 327

- Pressure support - Utilized to overcome the WOB (work of breathing) caused by ETT diameter or the pt has difficulty taking a breath - Pressure support assists with the WOB by augmenting the Pt's inspiratory breath

Answer 328

A condition in which a muscle's ability to respond to stimulation is lost or reduced through overactivity

Answer 329

- Penetrating eye injuries - Narrow angle glaucoma - Personal or family history of malignant hyperthermia - Pseudocholinesterase deficiency (prolonged paralysis) - Burns greater than 24 hours old - Spinal cord injuries in the acute phase. Greatest risk is 7 - 10 days post injury - Multiple trauma after the acute phase. Greatest risk is 7 - 10 days post injury - Hyperkalemia - Neuromuscular disease - Crush injury

Answer 330

- Inhibits prostaglandin synthesis producing peripherally mediated analgesia, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic effects - At analgesia doses, little anti-inflammatory or antipyretic activity seen - Acts peripherally vs narcotics, which act upon the CNS, therefore, no CNS depression

Answer 331

It is the termination of pregnancy prior to the 20th week of gestation

Answer 332

- Closed - Open - Hairline - Impacted - Transverse - Oblique - Comminuted - Spiral - Fatigue - Greenstick - Epiphyseal

Answer 333

Moderate to severe pain

Answer 334

- Sleep - Drugs - Metabolic disorder - Head injury - Stroke

Answer 335

- Anti-platelet - NSAID - Antipyretic

Answer 336

Depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agent

Answer 337

A blood pressure lower than normal

Answer 338

- Wide complex tachycardia or arrest from TCA OD - Acidosis - Cardiac arrest due to suspected pre-existing hyperkalemia or ASA OD

Answer 339

- Nausea/vomiting associated with Meniere's disease - Nausea/vomiting - Relief or prevention of motion sickness and vertigo

Answer 340

2 mg IV push q 5 mins titrating dose until symptoms decrease

Answer 341

- Antianginal - Vascular smooth muscle relaxer - Vasodilator

Answer 342

- Stimulates alpha and beta receptors - increases heart rate - increases AV conduction - increases force of myocardial contractility - increases vasoconstriction (increases SVR) - Relaxes bronchial smooth muscle - Increases coronary and cerebral blood flow

Answer 343

- Onset of problem - Provocation/Palliative factors - Quality - Region/radiation - Severity - Time - Associated Symptoms - Pertinent Negatives

Answer 344

Blocks the flow of calcium ions through the cell membrane

Answer 345

Blood pushed into the ventricles because of atrial contraction

Answer 346

A civil wrong committed by one individual against another

Answer 347

Sudden shortness of breath at night

Answer 348

- Expiratory time | - Adequate amount of time that is required to allow the lungs to empty, thus allowing proper oxygenation

Answer 349

12mg rapid IV push

Answer 350

Exaggerated thoracic concavity (hunchback)

Answer 351

The force of blood against arteries when the ventricles contract

Answer 352

Benzodiazepine

Answer 353

- Binds with opioid receptors to block the response to and perception of pain - Causes peripheral venous vasodilation (decreases SVR)

Answer 354

Increase in the body's core temperature

Answer 355

Hyperglycemia

Answer 356

Elevated solid, diameter greater than 2cm, may be the same color as the skin

Answer 357

An irregular flat maccule with a diameter greater than 1cm

Answer 358

- Sympathomimetic | - Adrenergic

Answer 359

Occurs when a qualified physician gives direct orders to a prehospital care provider by either radio or telephone

Answer 360

Intermittent calf pain while walking that subsides with rest

Answer 361

This is when an arm or leg is the presenting part of a deliver

Answer 362

A thickening and hardening of the epidermis with emphasized lines on the skin, resembling a lichen

Answer 363

- Preliminary data - Chief complaint - Present illness/injury - Past history - Current health status - Review of systems

Answer 364

Remaining 50%

Answer 365

- Antihistamine | - Anticholinergic

Answer 366

300mg bolus

Answer 367

The specialized cells of the heart's electrical conduction system, capable of spontaneously generating and conducting electrical impulses

Answer 368

The sound of squeaking or grating sound of the pleural linings rubbing together

Answer 369

Anti-fibrinolytic

Answer 370

- Slows AV nodal conduction | - Inhibits re-entrant pathways

Answer 371

- A synthetic steroid chemically related to the natural hormones secreted by the adrenal cortex - Potent anti-inflammatory properties - reduces cerebral edema (mechanism and extent is unclear)

Answer 372

The discoloration around the umbilicus (occasionally the flanks), suggestive of intra-abdominal hemorrhage

Answer 373

- Blood - Intracellular fluid - Extracellular fluid

Answer 374

Vibration or humming felt when palpating the pulse

Answer 375

- Primary assessment - Rapid trauma assessment - Packaging - Rapid transport and ongoing assessment

Answer 376

- Seizures due to eclampsia - Seizure prophylaxis in pre-eclampsia - Torsades de Pointes - Hypomagnesemia - Refractory VF - Status asthmaticus/severe bronchospam

Answer 377

- NMDA receptor antagonist | - Produces a dissociative state by direct action on the cortex and limbic system

Answer 378

It is a normal breathing rate and pattern

Answer 379

Excessive urination at night

Answer 380

Reduces blood pressure by blocking angiotensin II stimulation and inhibiting Aldosterone release

Answer 381

It reduces the velocity of electrical impulses by blocking the Na channels of the heart cell thus reducing automaticity and excitability of the conduction system

Answer 382

- Appearance - Pulse rate - Grimace - Activity - Respiratory effort

Answer 383

0.4 mg q 5 min

Answer 384

The division of the legal system that deals with noncriminal issues and conflicts between two or more parties

Answer 385

Woman who has been pregnant more than once

Answer 386

Continuous sounds with a lower pitch and a snoring quality

Answer 387

Elevated area, diameter less than 1cm and contains purulent fluid

Answer 388

The exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the lungs and at the cellular level

Answer 389

- Stage One: Dilation - Stage Two: Expulsion - Stage Three: Placental

Answer 390

It is a prolonged inspiratory phase with shortened expiratory phase

Answer 391

The depth and pattern of breathing

Answer 392

- Hypersensitivity to ASA or NSAID - Asthmatics due to bronchospastic activity - Renal impairment - Pt's at risk for bleeding

Answer 393

- Olfactory - Optic - Oculomotor - Trochlear - Trigeminal - Abducens - Facial - Acoustic - Glossopharyngeal - Vagus - Accessory - Hypoglossal

Answer 394

2 - 5 mg q 5 - 10 minutes PRN, max 20 mg

Answer 395

- Symptoms - Allergies - Medications - Past medical history - Last oral intake - Events leading up to the incident

Answer 396

Sensory & motor

Answer 397

Neuromuscular-blocking agent (non-depolarizing)

Answer 398

The ability of a membrane channel to allow passage of electrolytes once its open

Answer 399

300mg diluted in 20ml NS, repeated with 300mg

Answer 400

Woman who has delivered more than seven children

Answer 401

0.5 - 1 mg IV/SL prn

Answer 402

It is a fracture in which a bone is broken into several piece's

Answer 403

Narcotic analgesic

Answer 404

Multiple babies are cooking in the oven

Answer 405

Pain that is felt at a location away from its source

Answer 406

To achieve paralysis to facilitate endotracheal intubation

Answer 407

The force exerted by the circulating blood volume on the walls of the arteries

Answer 408

It occurs when the left ventricle fails as an effective forward pump, which causes back pressure of blood into pulmonary circulation, often resulting in pulmonary edema

Answer 409

Your anticipation of possible injuries based upon your analysis of the event

Answer 410

- Synchronous Intermittent Mandatory Ventilation | - Set rate but pt can breath spontaneously at own Vt

Answer 411

- Binds to opiod receptor sites, altering perception of and emotional response to pain - Rarely causes a histamine release

Answer 412

A chronic disease of the arterial system characterized by abnormal thickening and hardening of the vessel walls

Answer 413

The phase of the cardiac cycle in which the atria and ventricles relax between contractions and blood enters these chambers; when the term is used without reference to a specific chamber of the heart, the term implies ventricular diastole

Answer 414

- 0.1mg/kg rapid IV push (max 6mg) | - 0.2mg/kg rapid IV push (max 12mg)

Answer 415

0.1 mg/kg IV q 5 - 10 minutes, max 2.5 mg per dose

Answer 416

Rapid sequence induction

Answer 417

The force of blood against the arterial walls as the heart contracts and relaxes

Answer 418

- Spinal meningitis - Multiple CNS causes - Head injury

Answer 419

- 150mg/kg in 250ml NS over 15 min - 50mg/kg in 500ml NS over 4 hours - 100mg/kg in 1000ml NS over 16 hours

Answer 420

- Losartan (Cozaar) - Candesartan (Atacand) - Valsartan (Diovan)

Answer 421

10 mg IV/IM/SQ q 4 - 6hr

Answer 422

The force of blood against arteries when ventricles relax

Answer 423

Fibrinolytic

Answer 424

Not to be used in patients less than 10 years of age

Answer 425

ST segments and T waves that deflect in the same direction as the terminal (last) waveform of the QRS complex in a bundle branch block

Answer 426

Using your sense of touch to gather information

Answer 427

It is a substance that donates H+ to the base

Answer 428

Corticosteriod

Answer 429

0.5ml x patient weight in Kg x BSA burned

Answer 430

- Pain - Pallor - Paralysis - Paresthesia - Pressure - Pulses

Answer 431

0.5 mg IM/IV/SQ (< 20kg)

Answer 432

Occurs as the result of abnormal implantation on the lower half of the uterine wall, resulting in partial or complete coverage of the cervical opening Presents with painless bright red bleeding in the third trimester

Answer 433

150mg in 50ml NS over 10 min

Answer 434

- Bronchial asthma | - Bronchospasm associated with COPD

Answer 435

- Lesion on the brain stem

Answer 436

- pH - PaCO2 - HCO3-

Answer 437

Vitamin B1

Answer 438

Lets your body language show that you understand so that the patient feels accepted and more open to talking

Answer 439

0.1 mg/kg, max 5 mg per dose

Answer 440

The movement of ions across a cell membrane in which the inside of the cell is restored to its negative charge

Answer 441

Pre-hospital process designated to identify and correct life-threatening airway, breathing, and circulation problems

Answer 442

Begins immediately after the birth of the infant and ends with the delivery of the placenta

Answer 443

2 - 4 puffs q 20 minutes x3

Answer 444

It occurs when the uterus turns inside out after the delivery and extends through the cervix

Answer 445

- Assist/control - Synchronized, senses spontaneous breaths but with mandatory minimum set rate, all breaths are a full assisted ventilators breath

Answer 446

- 8-12mg IVP is common | - 4 - 24mg IVP is usual IV/IM

Answer 447

The process by which a regulatory agency grants permission to engage in a given occupation to an applicant who has attained the degree of competency required to ensure the public's protection

Answer 448

Alert Verbal stimuli Painful stimuli Unresponsive

Answer 449

It is an intermittent or continuous contraction of a muscle

Answer 450

Any disruption in normal tissue

Answer 451

- Coma of unknown origin, especially if alcohol may be involved - Delirium tremens

Answer 452

0.5-1g/kg slow IVP, dilute 1:1 with sterile water (NS can be used if no sterile water is available) forming D25W

Answer 453

- Decreased patient effort - Head injury - Stroke

Answer 454

Combines with ATP to form thiamine pyrophosphate, a coenzyme required for carbohydrate and fat metabolism

Answer 455

- Use the patient's name - Address the patient properly - Modulate your voice - Use a professional but compassionate tone - Explain what you are doing and why - Keep a kind, calm expression - Use an appropriate style of communication

Answer 456

It is law based on the Canadian Constitution

Answer 457

An elevated scar with irregular shape and is larger than the original wound

Answer 458

It reflects the overall H+ concentration in the body fluids

Answer 459

It is gradual increases and decreases in respirations with periods of apnea

Answer 460

- Poison/drug induced tachycardia - Polymorphic wide complex tachycardia - Hypersensitivity

Answer 461

- Loop diuretic, inhibits reabsorption of sodium (and other electrolytes) and water - Initially causes vasodilation, increasing venous capacitance (decreases SVR) then diuresis

Answer 462

Consent to treatment granted by the authority of a court order

Answer 463

Irregular red spot

Answer 464

- Mini-pres (Prazosin) - Cardura (Doxazosin) - Phenoxybenzamine (Dibenzyline) - Phentolamine (Regitine) - Ergotamine (Ergomar)

Answer 465

Sympathomimetic

Answer 466

- Somatic - Visceral - Referred

Answer 467

100 mg IV/IM

Answer 468

The principle of doing good for the patient

Answer 469

Rapid breathing

Answer 470

They are fibers found in both ventricles that conduct an electrical impulse through the heart

Answer 471

35-40 mmHg

Answer 472

Narcotic analgesic

Answer 473

1. Form a generalized impression 2. Stabilize cervical spine as needed 3. Assess baseline level of response 4. Assess airway 5. Assess breathing 6. Assess circulation 7. Assign priority

Answer 474

- Nausea and/or vomiting | - Migraine headache

Answer 475

1.5 mg/kg IV, max dose 150 mg

Answer 476

0.5mg q 5 mins, max of 3mg

Answer 477

0.6 - 1.2 mg/kg IV, repeat q 30 min at 0.1 - 0.2 mg/kg PRN effect may prolong in peds

Answer 478

A formal contractual or informal legal obligation to provide care

Answer 479

Atropine sulfate is a potent parasympatholytic. It inhibits actions of acetylcholine at postganglionic parasympathetic receptor sites. Blocked vagal effects result in increased heart rate and enhanced AV conduction with limited or no inotropic effects

Answer 480

Also known as the visceral pericardium; the external layer of the heart wall that covers the heart muscle

Answer 481

- Competitively inhibits activation of plasminogen (via binding to the kringle domain), thereby reducing conversion of plasminogen to plasmin (fibrinolysin), an enzyme that degrades fibrin clots, fibrinogen, and other plasma proteins, including the procoagulant factors V and VIII - TXA also directly inhibits plasmin activity, but higher doses are required than needed to reduce plasmin formation

Answer 482

Purposely applied during ventilations via BVM or mechanical ventilator

Answer 483

The division of the legal system that deals with wrongs committed against society or its members

Answer 484

The patter and equality of intervals between beats

Answer 485

- Chemical buffers - Respiratory system - Renal system

Answer 486

- Hypotension - Altered mental status - Signs of shock - Ischemic chest discomfort - Acute heart failure

Answer 487

- Affects both peripheral and central nerves - Reduces the activity of the vagus nerve, which deactivates the vomiting center in the medulla oblongata - Blocks serotonin receptors in the chemoreceptor trigger zone - Has no effect on dopamine receptors and therefore dose not cause extrapyramidal symptoms

Answer 488

37 celcius

Answer 489

0.5 - 2 mg/kg IV

Answer 490

To prevent or lessen hepatic injury that may occur after ingestion of a hepatotoxin dose of acetaminophen

Answer 491

50 - 100 mg

Answer 492

The use of chemical or physical method, such as pressurized steam, to kill all microorganisms on an object

Answer 493

Allergic and anaphylactic reactions involving respiratory difficulties, edema or severe itching

Answer 494

Reacts with H+ ions to form water and CO2

Answer 495

The innermost layer of the heart that lines the inside of the myocardium and covers the heart valves

Answer 496

- Continuous Positive Airway Pressure | - Used to maintain lung volume and improve oxygenation, by delivering a predetermined level of pressure

Answer 497

A five-phase cycle that reflects the difference in the concentration of charged particles across the cell membrane at any given time

Answer 498

- Increasing ICP | - Brain stem injury

Answer 499

Anti-emetic

Answer 500

It is a range of duties and skills paramedics are allowed and expected to perform

Answer 501

Law created by such law-making bodies as federal/provincial/territorial assemblies

Answer 502

2 - 3 puffs

Answer 503

They are substances that combine with excess acids or bases, They act immediately to maintain pH The most efficient pH-balancing forces

Answer 504

Prejudice Lack of privacy External distractions Internal distractions

Answer 505

1 mg IM/IV/SQ

Answer 506

To create a message

Answer 507

- Guanadrel sulfate (Hylorel) - Guanethidine monosulfate (Ismel) - Reserpine (Serpasil)

Answer 508

An extra bundle of working myocardial tissue that forms a connection between the atria and ventricles outside the normal conduction system

Answer 509

Time interval prior to deliver of the fetus

Answer 510

1 mg/kg (max 100mg)

Answer 511

Prevents acetylcholine from binding to receptors at the muscle and end plate, blocking depolarization

Answer 512

Hyperventilation

Answer 513

Beta-adrenergic receptor blocking agent

Answer 514

It is a curving break in a bone as may be caused by rotational forces

Answer 515

Reddish, brown, black, tan, or yellowish dried blood, serum or pus

Answer 516

Lateral (Low)

Answer 517

Ventricular repolarization

Answer 518

- Parasympatholytic | - Anticholinergic

Answer 519

- Temporal - Carotid - Brachial - Radial - Ulnar - Femoral - Popliteal - Dorsalis pedis - Posterior tibial

Answer 520

An elevated area of excessive exfoliation, varying in thickness, shape, and dryness and ranges in color from white to silver or tan

Answer 521

- Aliskiren (Tekturna)

Answer 522

- Hypotension - Distended neck veins - Distant, muffled heart sounds

Answer 523

- BSI - Scene safety - Location of all patients - MOI - Nature of illness

Answer 524

The policies and procedures for all components of an EMS system

Answer 525

Inhibits action of alpha receptors in vascular smooth muscle, causing vasodilation

Answer 526

Reduces vascular wall tone through reduction of sympathic nervous system stimulation of blood vessels

Answer 527

Lower than normal calcium level in blood

Answer 528

4 - 6 puffs

Answer 529

- SVT - AMI - Unstable angina

Answer 530

It is a type of pain that results from the activation of nociceptors of the thoracic, pelvic or abdominal viscera (organs). These organs are highly sensitive to distension, ischemia and inflammation

Answer 531

- Induction and maintenance of general anesthesia | - Analgesia and sedation

Answer 532

Consent for treatment that is presumed for the patient who is mentally, physically, or emotionally unable to grant consent

Answer 533

Hours to days

Answer 534

- Dehydration, patient should be fluid resuscitated prior to initiation of norepinepherine - Systolic BP > 90mmHg

Answer 535

- Electrolyte - Anticonvulsant (toxemia) - Anti-arrhythmic (TDP, TCA OD) - Uterine relaxant

Answer 536

Elevated firm spot with a diameter between 1-2cm

Answer 537

Excessive urination

Answer 538

Sensory & motor

Answer 539

The dissolving of a blood clot; occurs naturally by plasmin or by a class of medications called fibrinolytics

Answer 540

Predominant inspiratory wheeze associated with laryngeal obstruction

Answer 541

Asks whether you would want this action performed in all relevantly similar circumstances

Answer 542

Superficial papule with a diameter greater than 1cm and a rough texture

Answer 543

- Hypersensitivity - Bradycardia - 2nd and 3rd degree heart block - Sinus node dysfunction

Answer 544

Termination of the paramedic-patient relationship without assurance that an equal or greater level of care will continue

Answer 545

Abnormal change in tone of patient's transmitted voice sounds

Answer 546

- Cut down - Annoyed - Guilty - Eye-opener

Answer 547

- Reduces striated muscle contractions, causing vasodilation - Blocks peripheral neuromuscular transmission by reducing Ach released at the end-plate by motor nerve impulse - Minimizes recurrences of seizures in the toxic state

Answer 548

The rules or standards that govern the conduct of members of a particular group or profession

Answer 549

- The lungs regulate carbon dioxide (CO2) in the blood, which combines with H20 to form H2CO3 - Chemoreceptors in the brain sense pH changes and vary the rate and depth of respirations to regulate CO2 levels - Faster, deeper breathing eliminates CO2 from the lungs and less H2CO3 is formed, rising pH - Slower, shallow breathing reduces CO2 excretion, causing pH to fall

Answer 550

- Chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting | - Nausea and vomiting

Answer 551

Blood moves peripherally, thus pressure falls until the next systole

Answer 552

4ml x pt weight in kg x BSA burned

Answer 553

- Improves the action of gamma amino butyric acid, which depresses the CNS at the limbic, thalamic, and hypothalamic levels, producing anti-anxiety effects - Anticonvulsant: slows the spread of irritable foci in the cortex, thalamus and limbic areas of the brain - Skeletal muscle relaxant: inhibits polysynaptic afferent pathways - Induces amneisa

Answer 554

It inactivates the cyclooxygenase (COX) enzyme which decreases the production of prostaglandins in the tissue, blocking the pain receptors sensitivity and decreases inflammation. Due to the inactivation of COX, thromboxane A2 production is also inhibited, which is responsible for platelet aggregation

Answer 555

0.5 - 2 mcg/kg IVP over 2 minutes, max single dose 200mcg (usually states at 25-100 mcg q 5 min)

Answer 556

- Treatment of mild pain | - Reduction of fever

Answer 557

5-20 mcg/kg/min IV

Answer 558

ST segments and T waves that deflect in the opposite direction as the terminal (last) waveform of the QRS complex in a bundle branch block

Answer 559

To interpret a message

Answer 560

4 - 8 mg IV/IM

Answer 561

1.0 - 2.0 mg SQ

Answer 562

Refers to compensatable physical, psychological, or financial harm

Answer 563

Distortion of the tracing by electrical activity that is noncardiac in origin

Answer 564

Time interval prior to birth

Answer 565

It is a decreased respiratory rate

Answer 566

Antiemetic

Answer 567

Hypoventilation

Answer 568

Laws that provide immunity to certain people who assist at the scene of a medical emergency

Answer 569

Is a delivery that occurs after less than three hours of labour

Answer 570

The big toe dorsiflexes and the other toes fan out when the sole is stimulated

Answer 571

Closure of the aortic valve following ventricular systole. Occurs as the pressure in the LV falls below that of the aorta Indicates the onset of diastole

Answer 572

Hypersensitivity

Answer 573

Bicarbonate

Answer 574

Non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agent

Answer 575

The force exerted by the blood on the walls of the ventricles at the end of diastole

Answer 576

0.05 mg/kg max 2 mg

Answer 577

A flat spot, color varies from white to brown or red to purple with a diameter less than 1cm

Answer 578

The act of injuring a person's character, name or reputation by false statements made in writing or through mass media with malicious intent or reckless disregard for the falsity of those statements

Answer 579

10-15mg/kg q 4-6 hr PRN PO

Answer 580

- Head - Eyes - Ears - Nose - Throat

Answer 581

- creates an ultra short acting sedative/hypnotic effect - a non-barbiturate hypnotic that acts at the level of the reticular-activating system to produce anesthesia. Appears to depress CNS function via GABA - Like the barbiturates and propofol, etomidate does not induce analgesia. Etomidate induces unconsciousness within one circulation time. Recovery is rapid as a result of extensive redistribution and rapid metabolism

Answer 582

- Binds to specific sites on gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) type A receptors within the brain, potentiating the effects of GABA - Is 3 - 4 times more potent then diazepam - Amnestic properties - Muscle relaxant

Answer 583

Fibrous, varying depth and the color varies from white to red

Answer 584

Higher than normal calcium level in blood

Answer 585

It relaxes the smooth muscles in the blood vessel walls to cause peripheral dilation

Answer 586

The onset of true labour contractions and ends with complete dilation and effacement of the cervix

Answer 587

Viewing of your own life as the most desirable, acceptable, or best, and acting in a superior manner to another culture's way of life

Answer 588

Corresponds with the onset of the QRS complex to the approximate peak of the T wave; cardiac cells cannot be stimulated to conduct an electrical impulse no matter how strong the internal electrical stimulus

Answer 589

- Hypersensitivity - Systolic BP < 90mmHg - MOA inhibitor therapy in the last 14 days

Answer 590

Inhibits GABA activity in the brain

Answer 591

- Most potent of the benzodiazepines, enhances the neurotransmitter GABA at the limbic and sub-cortical levels - Has a shorter half-life than diazepam - Induces amnesia

Answer 592

- Speed of cellular reaction - Cell function - Cell permeability - Integrity of the cell structure

Answer 593

Medical policies, procedures, and practices that are available to providers either online or offline

Answer 594

- Increase in PEEP - Increase in PIP - Increase in inspiratory time (Ti) - Decrease in expiratory time (Te) = increased RR - Increase in expiratory flow rate

Answer 595

- Causes bronchodilation by competitive inhibition of cholinergic receptors on bronchial smooth muscle - Blocks the action of acetylcholine, which inhibits parasympathetic stimulation, thus decreasing bronchial secretions - Dries respiratory tract secretions

Answer 596

0.5 mg IM/IV/SQ (< 20 kg) Max dose 1 mg

Answer 597

2.0-10 mg IV q 5- 15 min max 20 mg

Answer 598

30 - 60 mg IV/IM q 4 - 6 hrs max 120 mg/day

Answer 599

- Smooth and rounded - No more than 2.5mm in height - No more than 0.11 second in duration - Positive in leads I, II, aVF, V2, V3, V4, V5, V6

Answer 600

Inhibits vasoconstriction by stimulating cardiovascular center in the brain, decreasing the outflow of sympathic nervous system

Answer 601

A breach of duty by performance of a legal act in a manner that is harmful or injurious

Answer 602

Woman who has given birth to her first child

Answer 603

- Maintain patent airway; assist breathing if necessary - Oxygen (if hypoxemic) - Cardiac monitor to ID rhythm, monitor blood pressure and oximetry

Answer 604

It is the actual tearing, or rupture, of the uterus

Answer 605

1 - 2 g in 10 ml NS/D5W IV/IO, rate 1 g/min

Answer 606

- Severe heart failure/CHF - History of bronchospastic airway disease - Concurrent use of beta blockers or calcium channel blockers - 2nd and 3rd degree heart block - Bradycardia with HR < 60

Answer 607

Crunching sounds of unlubricated parts in joints rubbing against each other

Answer 608

- Bolus: 1.0 mg/kg with subsequent doses of 0.5 mg/kg q 10 min (max 3.0 mg/kg) - Infusion: 1 - 4 mg/min

Answer 609

- IV access and 12 lead if available - Vagal maneuvers - Adenosine (if regular) - Beta or calcium channel blocker - Consider expert consultation

Answer 610

Infusion 2.0-10.0 mcg/kg/min

Answer 611

5mg/kg (max 150mg) in 50ml NS 100ml/hr over 20-60 min. Repeat max 15mg/kg/24hr

Answer 612

- Symptomatic tachydysrhymia - Hypothermic bradycardia - 2nd degree type 2 and 3rd degree heart block

Answer 613

0.1-0.5 mcg/kg/min

Answer 614

- 1 mg/kg (max 100mg) SQ (lateral abdomen) | - 30 mg IV

Answer 615

- Ratio of inspiratory to expiratory time | - Measured in seconds

Answer 616

Arms and legs extended

Answer 617

- Color - Moisture - Temperature - Texture - Mobility and turgor - Lesions

Answer 618

- Moderate to severe pain - Adjunct to RSS/RSI - Ischemic chest pain

Answer 619

It is consent for treatment that is given based on full disclosure of information

Answer 620

500-1000mg q 4-6 hr PRN PO

Answer 621

Elevated, palpable area containing liquid or viscous matter

Answer 622

The amount of blood flowing into the right atrium each minute from the systemic circulation

Answer 623

Seconds to minutes

Answer 624

6mg rapid IV push

Answer 625

0.1 - 0.5 mg/kg IV, titrate to effect

Answer 626

Frictional forces due to anatomical structures, conducting airways and tissues of the lungs

Answer 627

It is a small crack in a bone that does not disrupt the total structure

Answer 628

0.5-1.0mg IV push, q 3-5 mins, max 3mg

Answer 629

1. You 2. Your crew 3. Other responding personnel 4. Your patient 5. Bystanders

Answer 630

First pregnancy

Answer 631

- Post-partum hemorrhage | - Normal postpartum, after delivery of placenta

Answer 632

It is an injury resulting from overstretching of muscle fibres

Answer 633

Carbohydrate

Answer 634

- Seizures/Status epilepticus - Seizures in pre-eclampsia uncontrolled by magnesium - Premedication before cardioversion/pacing - Skeletal muscle relaxant - Acute anxiety states - Acute alcohol withdrawal including delirium tremens - Cocaine overdose

Answer 635

Refers to medical policies, procedures, and practices that medical direction has set up in advance of a call

Answer 636

Chest discomfort of sudden onset that occurs when the increased oxygen demand of the heart temporarily exceeds the blood supply

Answer 637

5 mg IV q 5 - 10 minutes, up to 3 doses. Titrate to HR 60 - 80. If HR > 100 consider a fluid bolus to ensure hypovolemia is not the cause

Answer 638

A competent adult patient's right to determine what happens to his own body

Answer 639

Red or purplish depression ranging into the dermis, caused by tissue loss

Answer 640

2 - 5 mg IV/IM PRN

Answer 641

Hypersensitivity

Answer 642

The sensation of having difficulty with breathing

Answer 643

Electrolyte

Answer 644

7.35 - 7.45

Answer 645

Menstrual difficulties

Answer 646

25-100 mg IM q 4hr PRN | 12.5 - 50 mg IV q 4hr PRN

Answer 647

- Cardiogenic shock with BP < 70mmHg | - Shock states with hypotension (without hypovolemia)

Answer 648

Pink, irregular spot varying in size and shape

Answer 649

Blocks histamine and ACH receptors in the vomiting center as well as the pathway between the inner ear and the vomiting center that can cause nausea and vomiting - Similar chemical composition to that of diphenhydramine

Answer 650

Narcotic analgesic

Answer 651

- Hypersensitivity | - Hypotension (BP < 100)

Answer 652

- STEMI - PE - DVT

Answer 653

The process by which an agency or association grants recognition and the ability to practice to an individual who has met its qualifications

Answer 654

0.5 - 30.0 mcg/min, titrate to effect

Answer 655

- Detection - Dispatch - Delivery - Door - Data - Decision - Drug - Disposition

Answer 656

The percentage of blood pumped out of a ventricle with each contraction

Answer 657

Begins with the complete dilation of the cervix and ends with the delivery of the fetus

Answer 658

It is periods of tachypnea and hyperpnea

Answer 659

- Sulfonamide allergy - Electrolyte imbalance - Hypotension/hypovolemia (SBP <100 mmHg)

Answer 660

It is the partial displacement of a bone end from its position in a joint capsule

Answer 661

It is a break that runs across a bone perpendicular to the bone's orientation

Answer 662

- Anaphylaxis - Acute exacerbation of COPD/asthma - Cerebral edema - Various inflammatory properties

Answer 663

5mg/kg over 3 minutes

Answer 664

Impartiality test, Universalizability test, Interpersonal Justifiability test

Answer 665

Sensory & motor

Answer 666

20 - 30 units IV infusion in 100 m NS @ 250 ml/hr (titrated to uterine response and severity of bleeding)

Answer 667

Asks whether you can defend or justify your actions to others

Answer 668

- Inhibits prostaglandin synthesis which produces an analgesic effect - Acts on the hypothalamic heat regulating center

Answer 669

- Maintain patent airway; assist breathing as necessary - Oxygen (if hypoxemic) - Cardiac monitor to identify rhythm; monitor blood pressure and oximetery - IV access - 12 lead if available; don't delay therapy

Answer 670

1 g mixed with 100 ml NS over 10 minutes IV/IO | 1 g mixed with 500 ml at 60 ml/hr with buretrol or pump (8 hours)

Answer 671

- Increases blood sugar levels | - Hypertonic solution producing a transient movement of water from interstitial space into the venous system

Answer 672

Time interval after deliver of the fetus

Answer 673

Any disease caused by the growth of pathogenic microorganisms, which may be spread from person to person

Answer 674

160-325mg PO (chewed)

Answer 675

2.5 mg IV or 5 mg IM, max 10 mg

Answer 676

It is the patient's granting of permission for treatment

Answer 677

5.0 mcg/min, increasing to 10.0 mcg/min until desired effect reached

Answer 678

0.05 mg/kg IV, max 5 mg

Answer 679

Hypoglycemia

Answer 680

1 mEq/kg slow IVP, repeat 0.5 mEq/kg q 10 min PRN

Answer 681

The middle and thickest layer of the heart; contains the cardiac muscle fibers that cause contraction of the heart as well as the conduction system and blood supply

Answer 682

Occurs when the fetus passes feces into the amniotic fluid

Answer 683

- Seizures - Status epilepticus - Premedication before cardioversion - Acute anxiety states

Answer 684

1.0 mg IV q 3-5 min 1:10000

Answer 685

The process of informed observation

Answer 686

- Subjective - Objective - Assessment - Plan

Answer 687

It protects liver cells by maintaining or restoring glutathione levels or by acting as an alternate substrate conjugation and detoxification of acetaminophens reactive metabolite

Answer 688

The level of CO2 in the blood

Answer 689

It is a substance that can accept or bind to H+

Answer 690

Bronchoconstriction

Answer 691

1mg q 3-5mins

Answer 692

- Acute coronary syndrome (Non-STEMI/UA) | - STEMI

Answer 693

Sensory & motor

Answer 694

It is to identify with and understand the circumstances, feelings, and motives of others

Answer 695

- Irregular respirations (impaired brain stem) - Bradycardia - Systolic hypertension (widening pulse pressure)

Answer 696

It is the term to describe the presentation in which the buttocks and/or feet present first

Answer 697

Benzodiazepine

Answer 698

0.5 - 1 mg/kg slow IVP (Dose typically 20 - 80 mg) q 30 minutes prn, max dose 2 mg/kg

Answer 699

It is verbal, nonverbal, or written communication by a patient that she wants to receive medical care

Answer 700

Deviation from accepted standards of care recognized by law for the protection of others against the unreasonable risk of harm

Answer 701

It is law derived from society's acceptance over time of customs and norms

Answer 702

50% of the determined amount via the Parkland burn formula

COPR Flashcards

(770 cards)