(Copy of Anna's) IPE Week 8 Flashcards
(21 cards)
Why is global governance necessary?
- a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
2.
- The world faces threats & challenges that no single country can handle alone, such as:
a. terrorism
b. proliferation of weapons of mass destruction (WMDs)
c. environmental degradation
d. natural disasters
e. humanitarian crises
f. transnational crimes
g. pandemics/epidemics. - No world government exists to coordinate and facilitate cooperation among all actors to address these issues, hence the need for global governance.
How is the world governed in the absence of a world government?
a.
b.
c.
d.
States often make agreements with each other to modify their behavior, aiming to make the global system less chaotic and more predictable. Such as:
a. treaties
b. conventions
c. customary practices
d. general principles of law.
What is international law?
3.
- Collection of rules & regulations that define the rights & obligations of states.
- Its sources include treaties, customary practices, legal writings, judicial decisions, and general principles of law.
- There are international norms or soft law, which are standards of behavior not legally binding but influential, such as human rights conventions and climate change agreements.
Examples of international treaties?
- United Nations Charter (1945) - Created the United Nations.
- General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) (1947) - Reduced tariffs and boosted trade.
- Rome Statute (1988) - Established the International Criminal Court.
- Kyoto Protocol (2005) - Regulates greenhouse emissions to reduce global warming.
What are some key actors in global governance?
- 6.
- States
- Intergovernmental Organizations (IGOs)
- Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs)
- Experts
- Global Policy Networks
- Multinational Corporations (MNCs)
What are Intergovernmental Organizations (IGOs)?
- Definition
- Functions
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f. - Examples
a.
b.
c.
- Entities created by treaty involving two or more nation-states
- Various functions such as:
a. informational
b. forum for exchanges & decision-making
c. normative
d. rule-creating
e. rule-supervisory
f. operational - a. United Nations (UN) - global org
b. European Union (EU) - regional org
c. International Labour Organization (ILO) - specialized org
Role of International organizations:
United Nations (UN) system
Comprises a range of specialised agencies, programmes, & funds that work on issues such as health, education, climate change, and peace and security
Role of International organizations:
World Trade Organization (WTO)
Sets rules for international trade and resolves disputes between member countries
Role of International organizations:
International Monetary Fund (IMF)
Provides financial assistance to countries facing economic crises and promotes international monetary co-operation
Non-governmental Organization (NGO):
- Definition
- Functions:
a.
b.
- Any organization not established by government agreement (can be organized at a local, national or international level
- a. Advocate for a particular cause, such as human rights, peace, or environmental protection
b. Providing services such as disaster relief, humanitarian aid
Multinational Corporations (MNCs):
- Definition:
- Functions:
- corporations that are registered and operate in more than one country at a time. They play significant roles in shaping the global economy
- Participate in the creation of rules and policies that affects their operations even in areas that were mainly the responsibilities of the state e.g. Montreal Protocol - carbon emissions
Global Governance definition:
1. Def
2. Encompasses
3. Objective
- Can be understood as a framework of institutions, rules, laws, norms, and procedures that facilitate collective action and co-operation among states and other actors, such as individuals, MNCs, intergovernmental and non-governmental organizations
- Encompasses a wide range of issues, including economic development, trade, human rights, environmental protection, and peace and security
- The objective is to address global challenges that transcend national borders and require collective solutions.
What are some challenges to global governance?
- 3.
- Institutional gridlock/stalemate
- Complex problems requiring multi-state action
- a lack of consensus
Challenges to the existing liberal international order:
- 2.
3.
- Rise of new identity politics
- Protest movements
- The retreat of economic globalization
What is the liberal international/world order?
- Emerged…
- Promotes…
- Originated…
- Emerged post-World War II & is governed by a set of rules, norms, institutions, and structures that shape the behavior of nation-states
- Promotes values such as democracy, free markets, and human rights
- Originated from the establishment of institutions like the United Nations, the Bretton Woods Institutions, and various specialized agencies of the UN.
Liberal Order Values:
- E
- M
- F
- Equality and freedom
- More peaceful and secure order in accordance with the dominant traditions and norms of liberalism
- Foster a common ground for development (free market)
The liberal order and globalisation:
- Liberalism….
- New modes…
- Information…
- Liberalism provided an institutional core under which globalisation thrived, and globalisation has been a key driver of the order.
- New modes of social identity: the rise in social media, online platforms, consumption patterns, social networks, online dating, etc.
- Information flow and communications evolution have been integral components of globalisation.
Give 2 definitions of Globalisation:
- Rosamond, 1999
- McCraw, 2005
- (Rosamond, 1999) - “variations in interaction and communication, integration of markets, transport, finance etc.”
- (McCraw, 2005) - “intensification of global interconnectedness, which has multiple linkages-flow and movement of people, pollutants, crime, services, knowledge, beliefs, goods, images, capital, and fashion across borders”
Pro-globalization perspectives:
1. Resulted…
- Facilitates….
- Creation of….
- Resulted in increased interconnectivity
- Facilitates financial flows and business transaction
- Creation of opportunities for both economic and technological development
Anti-globalisation perspective:
- Benefits…
- Will not…
- Highlights persistent…
- Benefits of globalisation among nations are unequal
- Will not deliver equitable economic development
- Highlights persistent inequality in the contemporary international capitalist order, stressing that in terms of wealth creation, income and life expectancy, a large number are excluded from the benefits of the present order.
What are some criticisms of the liberal order?
4.
- Its perceived Western bias
- Selective application of norms
- Failure to address inequality and inequities in global systems
- The rise of new identity politics, protest movements, and protectionism challenges the ideals of the liberal order.
