Copy of integumentary system chapter 5 - Sheet1 Flashcards
1
Q
skin
A
integument
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integumentary system
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skin with accessory organs - hair, nails, glands
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Q
What does the integumentary system do?
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tissues with glands that produce secretionsn, nerves, blood vessels, that regulate body temperature
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androgen
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agent (hormone like testosterone or androsterone) that stimulates development of male characteristics, regulates sebum
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doctule
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very small duct duct; to lead;carry, ule - small minute
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homeostasis
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state of equilibrium of the internal env of the body despite changes in external env
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sythesize
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forming a complex substance by the union of simpler compounds or elements (skin synthesizes vit D)
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epidermis
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very thin outer layer of skin, thickest on palms and soles
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strata
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sublayers of epidermis
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stratum corneum
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part of epidermis but second down
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basal layer
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3rd deepest layer of epidermis and of greatest importance
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keratin
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hard protein material
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melanocytes
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special cells in basal layer of epiedermis which produce black pigment called melanin
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melanin
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black pigment in basal layer to ward of ultraviolet radiation
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albino
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inability to produce melanin (which produces black pigment)
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dermis
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2nd layer of skin, aka corium
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corium
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another name for dermis 2nd layer of skin
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sebaceous glands
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oil glands in the dermis
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sudoriferous glands
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sweat glands in the dermis
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subcutaneous layer
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aka hypodermis, binds dermis to underlying structures and is made of adipose tissue with blood vessels
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hypodermis
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aka subcutaneous layer
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adipose
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fat tissue with blood vessels holding subcutaneous (hypodermis) with underlying tissues
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exocrine glands
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secrete substances through ducts to an outer surface of the body rather than directly into blood stream
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axillae
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armpit
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sebum
the oily secretion in cells perpired onto surface of skin
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hair shaft
visible part of hair
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hair follicle
part embedded in the dermis
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pupilla
loop of capillaries enclosed in a covering
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alopecia
baldness
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nail root
keratinized stratified, squamous epithelial cells produce tough covering
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nail bed
layer of epithelium
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nail body
(nail plate) visible nail area from nail root to free edge.
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lunula
region of new growth on nail
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adip/o
fat
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lip/o
fat
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steat/o
fat
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cutane/o, dermat/o, derm/o
skin
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hidr/o
sweat
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sudor/o
sweat
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ichthy/o
dry, scaly
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kerat/o
horny tissue; hard; cornea, keratin
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melan/o
black
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myc/o
fungus
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onych/o
nail
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ungu/o
nail
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pi/o
hair (pil/o/nid/al -nid - nest - growth of hair in dermoid cyst
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sclero
hardening; sclera
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seb/o
sebum, sebaceous
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squam/o
scale (squamous - pertaining to scales)
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xen/o
foreign, strange
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xer/o
dry, scaly
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-derma
skin
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py/o
pus
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-therapy
treatment
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lesions
areas of tissue that have been pathological altered by injury, wound, or infection
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localized
definite size of lesion
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systemic
lesions widely spread
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primary skin lesions
intial reaction to pathologically altered tissue either flat or elevated
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secondary skin lesions
changes that take place in primary lesion as a result of infection, scratching, trauma, or various stages of disease
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macule
primary lesion flat, pigmented, circumscribed area less than 1cm in dia (ie rash in rubella)
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papule
solid elevated lesion less than 1 cm dia (wart, pimple ringworm0
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Nodule
solid elevated lesion larger and deeper than papule (2 cm) benign, malig tumor
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tumor
solid elevatedlesion larger than 2 cm in dia in dermal and subcut. layers (lipoma, steatoma)
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Wheal
elevated firm rounded lesion with localized skin edema that varies in size, shape color, ligher in center (hives, bites)
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vesicle
elevated circumscribed fluid filled lesion less than 0.5 cm (poison ivy, chicken pox)
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pustule
small, raised, circumscribed fluid filled lession contains ps; less than 1 cm (acne)
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bulla
a vesicle of blister larger than 1 cm in dia (2nd degree burns0
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excoriations
linear scratch marks or traumatized abrasion of the epidermis (scratches, abrasions, chemical burns)
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fissures
small slit or cracklike sore that extends into the dermal layer;
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Ulcer
open sore or lesion tht extends into dermis and heals with scaring
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4 solid elevated lesions
papule, nodule, tumor, wheal (smallest to largest)
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3 fluid-filled elevated lesions
vesicule, postule, bulla
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secondary lessions (3)
excoriation, fissure, ulcer
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burn
tissue injury caused by contact with thermal, chemical, electrical, radioactive agents
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burn classification
1st, 2nd, 3rd degree
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superficial burns
least serious, first degree, injure only epidermis
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thermal burn
contact with dry or moist heat
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chemical burn
exposure to chemicals (usually 1st degree0
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hyperesthesia
acute sensitivity to such sensory stimuli as touch, heat or cold
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partial thickness burn
second degree burn, deep burns that damage epidermis and dermis (flames, hot liquids)
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full thickness burn
3rd degree - epidermis, dermis destroyed, some underlying connective tissue damaged (corrosives, electricity)
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neoplasms
abnormal growths of new tissue that are benign or malignant
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benign neoplasms
noncancerous growths composed of the same type of cells as the tissue in which they are growing
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malignant neoplasms
cancer cells tha become invasive and spread to remote regions of the body (metastasis)
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metastasis
spreading of cancer cells to regions of the body
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immunotherapy
aka biotherapy - is a newer treatment that stimulates the body's own immune defenses to figh tumor cells
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tumor grading
cells from tumor site are evaluated to det how closeley the bx tissue resembles normal tissue, grades of severity
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anaplasia
cells spread to surrounding tissue, revert back to their primitive state
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grade I tumor grading
tumor cells well differentiated
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grade II tumor grading
tumor cells moderately or poorly diff
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grade III tumor grading
tumor cells poorly diff
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grade IV
tumor cells very poorly diff
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TNM system of tumor staging
tumor, node, metastasis,
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basal cell carcinoma
malignancy of basal layers or hair follicles
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squamous cell carcinoma
skin that undergoes pathological hardening (keratinizing) of the epidermal cells
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keratinizing
hardening of epidermal cells
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carcinogen
cancer-causing agents
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xeroderma pigmentosum
genetic dx decreased ability to repair DNA damage
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albinism
congenital absence of pigmentation
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Bowen Disease
very early from of skin cancer easily curable
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in situ
squamous cell carcnoma confined to its original site
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invasive squamous cell carcinoma
penetrates surrounding tissue
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malignant melanoma
malignant growth of melanocytes
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biopsy
histological examination
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abscess
localized collection of pus at the site of infection (staph infect)
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acne
inflam disease of sebaceous glands and hair follicles of the skin with characteristic lesions that include blackheads etc.
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cellulitis
diffuse widespread, acute infection if the skin and sub cut tissue
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chloasma
pigmentarh skin discoloration usually occuring in yellowish-brown patches or spots
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comedo
typical small skin lesion of acne vulgaris casued by accum of kertin, bacteria, dried sebum plugging an excretory duct of the skin
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decubitus ulcer
inflammation, sore, skin det caused by prolonged pressure from lying in one posit that prevents blood flow to the tissues, usually elderly bedridden
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pressure ulcer
same as decubitus ulcer
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ecchymosis
skin discoloration cons of large irreg formed hemorrhagic area with colors changeing from bluish black to greeenish brown or yellow (bruise)
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bruise
ecchymosis
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eczema
chronic inflam skin dondit that is charc by erythema, papules, vesicles, pustules, scales, crusts, and scabs accom with itching aka atopic dermatitis
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erythema
redness of the skin caused by swelling of the capillaries
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eschar
dead matter that is sloughed off from surface of skin, esp after a burn
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impetigo
bacterial skin infect char by isolated pustules that become crusted and rupture
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keratosis
thickened area of the epidermis or any horny growth of the skin (callus, wart)
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lentigo
small brown macules, esp on face and arms brought on by sun exposure in middle-age or older person
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pallor
unnatural paleness or absence of color in the skin
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pediculosis
infestation with lice, (pedicul - lice)
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petechia
minute, pinpoint hemorrhage under the skin
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pruritus
intense itching
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purpura
any of several bleeding disorders char by hemorrhage into the tissues
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scabies
contagious skin disease transmitted by the itch mite
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tinea
fungal skin infection aka ringworm
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urticaria
allergic reaction of the skin char by eruption of pale red, elevated patches called wheals or hives
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verruca
epidermal growth caused by virus; also known as warts
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vitilgo
localized loss of skin pig char b milk-white patches
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patch
skin test that id allergic contact dermatitis
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scratch
skin test id suspect allergens by placing small quant of allergen on scratched area
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culture and sensitivity (C&S)
lab test to determ presence of pathogens in pts with suspected wound infections and id approp drug therapy
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biopsy (Bx, bx)
rep tissue sample removed from a body site for microscopic exam
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frozen section (FS)
ultrathin slice of tissue from a froz spec for immed pathological exam
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needle
removal of small tissue sample for exam using hollow needle
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punch
removal of a small core of tissue using a hollow punch
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shave
removal of elevated lesions using surgical blade
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Mohs
Proc that involves prog removal and exam of layers of cancer-containing skin unitl only C-free tissues remains; aka micrographic surgery
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skin graft
transplant of healthy tissue on injured site
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allograft
transplant of healthy tissue from one person to another person aka homograft
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autograft
transplant of healthy tissue from one person to another site of the same ind
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synthetic
transplantation of artificial skin prod from collagen fibers arranged in a lattice pattern
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xenograph
trasplantation of (dermis only) from a foreign donor (usually a pig) and transferred into a human (aka heterograft
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chemical peel
chemical removal of the outer layer of skin to treat acne scarring and general keratoses aka chemabasion
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cytosurgery
use of subfreezing temperature (com liquid nitrogen) to destroy or eliminate abnormal tissue, such as tumor, wart, unwatnted, cancerous, infected tissue
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debridement
removal of necrotized tissue from a wound by surgical excision, enzymes, or chemical agents
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dermabrasion
rubbing abrasion using wire brushes or sandpaper to mechanically scrape away (abrade) the epidermis
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fulguration
tissue destruction by means of high -freq electric current; aka electrodesiccation
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PDT
photodynamic therapy - proc in which cells selectively treated with an agent called photosensitizer are exposed to light to produce a reaction that destroys the cells
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anti acne agents
benzoyl peroxide,( PanOxyl) tretinoin (retin A)
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anti fungals
itraconazole, (sporanox) terbinafine, (lamisil) fluconazole (diflucan)
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antihistamines
diphenhydramine (benadryl) hydroxyzine (vistaril, atarax)
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antiparasitics
lindane (Kwell, Thion), Permethrin (Nix)
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antiseptics
ethyl or isopropyl alcohol, hydrogen peroxide, povidone-iodine (betadine)
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Corticosteroids
hydrocortisone (cetacort, cortaid)
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keratolytics
salicylic acid (sebasorb, psoriasin, Urea ( kerafoam, Keraluc)
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protectives
lotions, ointments
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topic anesthetics
lidocaine procain (novocain)
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Bx, bx
biopsy
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BCC
basal cell carcinoma
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C&S
culture and sensitivity
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CA
cancer, chronological age, cardiac arrest
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FS
frozen section
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ID
intradermal
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I&D
incision and drainage
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IMP
impression (diagnosis)
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IV
intravenous
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TNM
tumor-node-metastasis
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ung
ointment
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XP, XDP
xeroderma pigmentosum
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stratum corneum
dead flat cells that lack blood flow
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melanoma
also known as malignant melanoma, is a type of skin cancer that develops from the pigment-producing cells known as melanocytes
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albinism
Albinism is a group of inherited disorders that results in little or no production of the pigment melanin, which determines the color of the skin, hair and eyes.
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vitilgo
Vitiligo is a condition in which white patches develop on the skin. Any location on the body can be affected, and most people with vitiligo have white patches on many areas.
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eczema
also called atopic dermatitis, is a common skin condition marked by itchy and inflamed patches of skin.
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psoriasis
Psoriasis is a skin disorder that causes skin cells to multiply up to 10 times faster than normal. This makes the skin build up into bumpy red patches covered with white scales ...
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papilloma/warts
Papillomas are tumors that grow from epithelial tissue and form outward finger-like fronds. They can be benign or malignant.
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dermatomycosis (fungal infection)
uncommon inflammatory disease marked by muscle weakness and a distinctive skin rash.
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onychomycosis
Onychomycosis is fungal infection of the nail plate, nail bed, or both. The nails typically are deformed and discolored white or yellow.
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hirsutism
condition in women in which you have a lot of hair growing in places where it usually does just for men.
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alopecia
hair loss that can be caused by heredity, aging, disease, medications or lifestyle.
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pruritus
uncomfortable, irritating sensation that makes you want to scratch.
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hidrosis
abnormally excessive sweating that's not necessarily related to heat or exercise.
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scabies
itchy skin condition caused by a tiny burrowing mite called Sarcoptes scabiei. Intense itching occurs in the area where the mite burrows.
