Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

chest review for board exam > CORE > Flashcards

CORE Flashcards

memorized

1
Q

which of the following statements are correct regarding the link between radiation dose and genetic effects?

  1. the link has been demonstrated in human studies
  2. The link has been demonstrated in animal studies
  3. increased risk to humans cannot be predicted with respect to an individual
A

2 and 3 only

The link has been demonstrated in human studies

and

increased risk to humans cannot be predicted with respect to an individual

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

which of the following changes in kilovoltage (KvP) will result in the greatest reduction of patient dose, when milliampere seconds (mAs) is adjusted to compensate for the change?

A

Increased kvp by 30%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

which radiographic imaging systems uses storage phosphors to temporarily store energy representing the image signal?

A

Computed radiography

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what is the primary purpose of using gonad shields during radiography ?

A

Reduce the likelihood of genetics effects

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

which of the following are types of gonad shields?
1. Aperture
2. contact
3. shadow

A

contact and shadow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

when should gonad shielding be used ?

A

when the gonads are within 5 cm of the radiation field

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

the greatest cause of unnecessary radiation to patients that can be controlled by the limited operator is

A

repeat exposures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

the limited operator can reduce repeat exposures by

A

clearly instructing patients

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

how does x-ray beam restriction minimize patient exposure

A

it limits the radiation field to the area of interest

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what is the device that allows the limited operator to vary the size of the radiation field ?

A

collimator

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

how does filtration reduce patient exposure

A

removes longer-wavelength photons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what is the national council on radiation protection and measurements (NCRP) recommendation for the amount of total filtration?

A

2.5 MM AI equiv

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what are the three principal methods used to protect limited operators from unnecessary radiation exposure?

A

Time , distance, and shielding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

which of the following is not a type of personnel radiation shielding ?

A

shadow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

personnel shielding must be worn on the rare occasion during which the limited operator may need to remain in the radiographic room during an exposure to assist the patient in maintaining the proper position. what is the source of the greatest radiation hazard under this circumstance?

A

scattered radiation from the patient

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what is the term for radiation that escapes from the x-ray tube housing ?

A

Leakage radiation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

why are limited operators prohibited from activities that result in direct exposure to the primary x-ray beam ?

A

They are considered occupationally exposed individuals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

distance as a method used to limit operator exposure means that :

A

The operator should maximize the distance from the source during an exposure .

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Shielding worn for personnel protection is designed to attenuate what source of exposure

A

scatter radiation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

which of the following is an acronym for a common type of personnel dosimeter?

A

TLD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what is the recommended placement for a personnel dosimeter on the body of the limited operator ?

A

the badge should be worn in the region of the collar on the anterior surface of the body and outside the lead aprons, if worn.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what is the NCRP recommended annual effective dose limit for occupational exposure ?

A

5.0 rem (50 mSv)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what is the NCRP recommended monthly effective (or equivalent ) dose limit to the fetus for a pregnant worker?

A

0.05 rem (0.5 mSv)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

radiation monitoring of personnel is required when what percentage of the annual occupational effective dose limit is likely to be received ?

A

10 percent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
what is the SI radiation unit express radiation intensity in air?
colomb / kilogram (c/kg)
26
the SI unit used to report occupational doses to radiation workers is the
MSV
27
what is the SI radiation unit of absorbed dose?
GRAY
28
according to the bergonie - tribondeau law ,which of the following types of cells are most radiosensitive ?
Embryonic tissue cells
29
which type of x-ray photon interaction with the body is PRIMARLY responsible for the radiation dose absorbed by the patient ?
photoelectric
30
what is the NCRP (report #102) recommendation for lead equivalency of aprons used for personnel protection
0.5 mm
31
what is erythema, as it relates to radiation exposure
Redding of the skin caused by a high radiation dose
32
what is the guiding philosophy of radiation protection?
ALARA - as low as reasonably achievable
33
which of the following statements reflects current scientific opinion regarding the effects of diagnostic levels of ionizing radiation?
There is an increased risk of cancer,leukemia, birth defects and cataracts.
34
which of the following changes will decrease patient dose?
1. increasing the kvp sing the 15 % rule while decreasing the mAS to compensate. 2. decreasing the grid ratio to a 6:1 ratio while decreasing the mAs to compensate .
35
when radiation exposure occurs during pregnancy the greatest risk of birth defects occurs when exposure
1. exceeds 5 rad to the uterus 2. occurs within the first trimester of pregnancy.
36
what is the principal source of scatter radiation in radiography?
The patient
37
at what kvp levels do Compton interactions occur
they occur throughout the diagnostic radiology kvp range.
38
the greatest portion of the x-ray beam is made up of : Bremsstrahlung radiation
bremsstrahlung radiation
39
what are the four essential elements required for x-ray production
A target , a vacuum an electron source and a high potential difference
40
the penetrating power of the x-ray beam is controlled by varying the
kilovoltage (kvp)
41
which of the following function involve the autotransformer ?
Kvp selection
42
what is the IR that is used for computed radiography
photostimulable phosphor (PSP plate)
43
nearly all new x-ray machines manufactured today use
high frequency generators
44
what is the standard control limit for the field light to radiation field alignment test?
+-2% of SID
45
the target of the x-ray tube is made of
tungsten
46
what is standard control limit for the beam (central ray alignment test?
within 1 degree of perpendicular
47
how often should lead aprons and gloves be checked for cracks or holes
every 6 months
48
how can detector fog be prevented when using computed radiography cassettes?
Protect the cassette before and after exposure
49
which of the following will result increased receptor exposure
1. increased mA , 2. increased exposure time 3. increased kvp
50
if the radiographic image is overexposed (exposure indicator out of range ) which of the following changes in exposure factors should be used to correct the problem?
Decrease the mAs
51
what are the four primary factors of radiographic quality ?
receptor exposure, contrast, spatial resolution and distortion
51
The relationship between SID and beam intensity is expressed in the :
inverse square law
52
CONTRAST is PRIMARILY CONTROLLED by the :
processing algorithm
53
Scatter radiation fog affects radiographic quality by causing
decreased contrast
54
A change from the small focal spot to the Large focal spot will result in :
decreased spatial resolution
55
an increase in object image receptor distance OID will result in ;
increased magnification
56
Motion of the patient the tube or the IR during the exposure will result in decreased
spatial resolution
57
what does quantum mottle (noise) look like on a radiographic image ?
finely speckled or grainy areas
58
quantum mottle with a digital imaging system is caused by
the mAs being set too low
59
which of the following will increase spatial resolution
1. increased in SID 2. Decrease in focal spot size
60
what is the appearance of high signal to noise ratio (SNR) image ?
High contrast and very grainy
61
if the radiographic image is underexposed (exhibits quantum mottle ) which of the following changes in exposure factors should be used to correct the problem?
increase the mAs
62
what is the appearance of a low signal to noise ratio (SNR) image ?
high contrast and very grainy
63
During digital image processing electronic masking should not be used to replace
proper radiographic collimation
64
which of the following is not a component of a computed radiography plate reader?
Developing solution
65
what conditions are most important for optimum viewing of radiographic images ?
low room light level
66
images on radiograph that are not a part of the intended image (jewelry bra hook) are called
artifacts
67
if the amount of irradiated tissue increases what happens to scatter radiation fog?
scatter radiation fog increases
68
The most effective and practical way to reduce scatter radiation fog on a radiograph is to :
use a grid or bucky
69
As a general rule a grid should be employed when the part thickness is greater than
12 cm
70
Technique charts are based on patient part measurements obtained using an x-ray caliper and are expressed as :
thickness in centimeters .
71
which of the following pathologic conditions would require a decrease in exposure?
1. multiple myeloma 2.emphysema 3. osteoporosis
72
how will the anode heel effect if present be seen on an image?
The image will be lighter on the anode end than on the cathode end.
73
which radiographic quality factor is most affected by angulation of the central ray part or IR?
Distortion
74
which of the following is not related to spatial resolution in digital radiographic system
bit depth
75
which of the following is not related to image signal in digital radiography systems ?
matrix Size
76
which of the following is NOT related to image signal in digital radiography systems?
sampling frequency
77
when viewing a digital image on a monitor how do you determine if the proper mAs was selected ?
evaluate the exposure index value
78
which of the following will result in an image with poor spatial resolution
patient motion
79
which of the following will result in an image with excessive magnification of image structures ?
IR exposure at an OID greater than recommended for a particular body part
80
what does the acronym PACS stand for?
Picture archiving and communication system
80
which of the following is not a type of DR image receptor?
photostimulable phosphor plate
81
which of the following will result in an image with excessive distortion of anatomic structures?
improper central ray angulation for the selected radiographic projection
82
which of the following would be a violation of patient confidentiality ?
A limited operator talks to his or her friend during lunch about a patients imaging procedure
82
which of the following are true regarding informed consent ?
informed consent may be revoked at anytime and the patient must be legally competent to sign.
82
A limited operator innocently commits an error as a result of the orders of his or her employer,a physician . The employer may be held responsible according to the....
doctrine of respondeat superior
82
communication has been validated when the speaker has
received a response from the listener that demonstrates comprehension
83
which of the following is not a form of nonverbal communication
speaking
83
limited operator does not clean the bucky device after performing an examination on a patient with influenza
indirect contact or fomite transmission
84
correct statements of proper body mechanics ?
1. used a broad stance 2. carry heavy objects close to your body
84
standard precautions involve the use of barriers when ever contact is anticipated with
blood , body fluids and mocous membranes
84
the process of reducing the probability that infectious organisms will be transmitted to a susceptible individual is called:
asepsis
85
A health care workers single best protection against disease is :
frequent hand washing
86
a limited operator who does not change linens between patients is:
providing an opportunity for fomite transmission
86
what is the basic life support system used to ventilate the lungs and circulate the blood in the event of cardiac or respiratory arrest
CPR
87
what is anaphylaxis?
severe allergic reaction
88
when a patient in cardiac arrest presents with a rapid, weak, and ineffective heartbeat, what device is used to return the heart to a normal rhythm ?
AED
89
what is the most common site for palpation of a patients pulse?
Radial artery at the wrist
89
which of the following vital signs can be assessed without touching the patient ?
Respiration
89
what is the relationship between the kvp and receptor exposure
direct and not proportional
90
91
91
92
93
94
94
95
96
97

chest review for board exam (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions