Core 2: Critical Q3

Question 1

What is skill acquisition?

Answer 1

A gradual process through which athletes learn to perform movements with control and precision

Question 2

What are the 3 stages of skill acquisition?

Answer 2

Cognitive, associative and autonomous

Question 3

What is the cognitive stage?

Answer 3

The beginner phase where athletes are figuring out what to do. This stage involves a lot of thinking, errors and awkwardness. Demonstrations and feedback are critical

Question 4

What is the associative stage?

Answer 4

Athletes practice the skill repeatedly, and movements become smoother. Errors still occur, but they are less frequent and more easily corrected. Feedback is still important

Question 5

What is the autonomous stage?

Answer 5

The skill becomes automatic, and athletes can perform it without conscious thought. They can focus on other aspects of the game, like strategy

Question 6

What is personality?

Answer 6

An individual’s characteristics way of behaving.Traits like determination, motivation and willingness to learn can positively influence skill acquisition

Question 7

What is heredity?

Answer 7

Factors such as muscle fiber type, somatotype (body type), gender, height, and conceptual ability influence physical abilities and potential for certain sports

Question 8

What is confidence?

Answer 8

Learners with higher confidence are more likely to take risks and preserve when learning new skills

Question 9

What is prior experience?

Answer 9

Prior experience with related skills can make it easier to learn new skills.
- E.g. Basketball player learning netball due to similar movements

Question 10

What is lateral transfer?

Answer 10

Between similar skills

Question 11

What is vertical transfer?

Answer 11

Progressing from simpler to more complex skills

Question 12

What is ability?

Answer 12

An individual’s capacity to process information and perform tasks. -> E.g, sense acuity, reaction time, and decision-making ability contribute to skill acquisition

Question 13

What is an Open skill?

Answer 13

Occur in unpredictable environment (e.g., team sports)

Question 14

What is a Closed skill?

Answer 14

Occur in stable, predictable environments (e.g., bowling)

Question 15

What is a Gross motor skill?

Answer 15

It involves large muscle groups (e.g., running)

Question 16

What is a Fine motor skill?

Answer 16

Uses small muscle groups (e.g., typing)

Question 17

What is a Discrete skill?

Answer 17

Have clear beginning and end (e.g., throwing a ball)

Question 18

What is a Serial skill?

Answer 18

A series of movements (e.g., a gymnastics routine)

Question 19

What is a Continuous skill?

Answer 19

Have no clear start or finish (e.g, running)

Question 20

What is self paced?

Answer 20

The performer determines the timing and speed of execution

Question 21

What is externally paced?

Answer 21

Factors external to the performer set the time for execution of the movement (e.g., a batter facing a bowler in cricket)

Question 22

What are Performance elements?

Answer 22

The aspects of match-play that are mainly evident during competition

Question 23

What is Decision making?

Answer 23

Choices made during a game situation

Question 24

What are Strategies?

Answer 24

Long term planning and methods to win a match

Question 25

What are Tactics?

Answer 25

Short-term planning within a game situation

Question 26

How can athletes improve their game skills?

Answer 26

To train effectively athletes may play small modified games to simulate similar situations

Question 27

Why is it important for a coach and players to develop strategies or tactics?

Answer 27

Everyone works towards the same goal using the same patterns and movements to avoid confusion

Question 28

What are Practice methods?

Answer 28

Strategies used in training to improve skills for performance

Question 29

What is Massed practice?

Answer 29

Continuous sessions with longer training periods than break periods (rest)

Question 30

What is Distributed practice?

Answer 30

Broken up sessions with longer rest periods than training periods

Question 31

What is Whole practice?

Answer 31

Rehearsing the skill in its entirely

Question 32

What is Part practice?

Answer 32

Rehearsing a skill in smaller parts

Question 33

What are the 6 different types of feedback?

Answer 33

- Internal - External - Concurrent - Delayed - Knowledge of results - Knowledge of performance

Question 34

What is internal feedback?

Answer 34

Feedback that comes from the performer’s own senses (e.g, proprioception)

Question 35

What is external feedback?

Answer 35

Feedback that comes from outside sources (e.g, coach)

Question 36

What is concurrent feedback?

Answer 36

Feedback given during feedback performance

Question 37

What is delayed feedback?

Answer 37

Feedback after the performance

Question 38

What is knowledge of results?

Answer 38

Knowledge of results focuses on the outcome (e.g, did the ball go in?)

Question 39

What is knowledge of performance?

Answer 39

Knowledge of performance focuses on how the skills were executed (e.g, form and technique)

Question 40

What are proprioceptive and kinaesthetic senses?

Answer 40

Your awareness of your body’s movement and position in space -> Internal feedback only develops through practice

Question 41

What are the 4 characteristics of skilled performers?

Answer 41

- Kinesthetic sense - Anticipation - Consistency - Technique

Question 42

What is kinesthetic sense?

Answer 42

- Awareness of body position - ‘Feel’ for movement - Allows performer to adjust movement during performance - E.g, Diver rotating too quickly pulls out of tuck earlier

Question 43

What is anticipation?

Answer 43

- Ability to predict what is likely to happen and then respond accordingly - E.g, Tennis -> Anticipate opponent is going to run to net so set up for a lob

Question 44

What is consistency?

Answer 44

- Ability to reproduce desired movement/ outcome repeatedly - E.g, Goal kicker with a high success rate

Question 45

What is technique?

Answer 45

- Efficient, effective, coordinated movement patterns - E.g, 100m sprinter -> Technique is vital

Question 46

What is an objective measure of performance?

Answer 46

- No interpretation - Results are clear - Use of measuring instruments -> E.g, stop watch

Question 47

What is a subjective measure of performance?

Answer 47

- Results are interpreted - Judgements made about quality of performance - Personal feelings/ opinion influence judgements

Question 48

What is validity?

Answer 48

- Test measures what it is supposed to measure - Ensures results are relevant - E.g, 100m sprint test is not valid for measuring cardiorespiratory endurance

Question 49

What is reliability?

Answer 49

- Test produces consistent results - Same test conditions each time - E.g, beep test done on grass on cool day vs beep test done on pavement on hot day

Question 50

What are personal judging criteria?

Answer 50

- Subjective - Based on feelings/impression - Preconceived attitudes/ expectations influence - Better for performances in isolation -> E.g, surfing

Question 51

What are prescribed judging criteria?

Answer 51

- Objective - Established by sports organisations - Involves checklists, rating scales and degree of difficulty charts - Assigned elements to evaluate -> E.g, dancing - costume, technique, difficulty - Better for organised competitions