core 2 - p1 Flashcards
(20 cards)
What is the definition of mechatronics?
Mechatronics is the integration of mechanical and electronic systems to create a functioning system.
Name three examples of mechatronic systems.
Robotic arms, CNC machines, car anti-lock braking systems.
How does a larger gear driving a smaller gear affect speed and torque?
Increases speed but reduces torque.
What is the formula for calculating gear ratio?
Gear ratio = Number of teeth on driven gear / Number of teeth on driver gear (expressed as a ratio, e.g., 3:1).
What motion do cams and followers convert?
Rotary motion into reciprocating motion.
Name three types of linkages used in mechanical systems.
Reverse motion linkages, parallel motion linkages, bell cranks.
What distinguishes a 1st class lever from a 2nd or 3rd class lever?
The fulcrum is between the load and effort (e.g., scissors).
How do pulleys reduce effort when lifting loads?
By increasing mechanical advantage (MA = load force / effort force).
Name four types of sensors used in mechatronic systems.
LDRs, NTC thermistors, proximity sensors, pressure sensors.
What is the difference between a sensor and an actuator?
Sensors convert environmental signals into electrical signals (input), while actuators convert electrical signals into physical movement (output).
What is the primary function of a microprocessor in mechatronics?
To process digital data (e.g., in computer-controlled robots).
How do microcontrollers differ from microprocessors?
Microcontrollers are “computers on a chip” with integrated I/O ports for connecting devices, often used for embedded systems.
What are the three main components of a PLC?
Power supply, CPU, input/output (I/O) modules.
What is ladder logic used for?
Programming PLCs using graphical diagrams based on relay logic.
Name two advantages of closed-loop systems over open-loop systems.
Higher accuracy and robustness against disturbances.
What type of motor is controlled by pulse width modulation (PWM)?
Servo motors (angle controlled by pulse width).
What is the purpose of a Darlington driver IC in motor control?
: To amplify current for driving motors when simple functionality is needed.
How does a stepper motor operate?
It moves in precise steps by dividing a full rotation into equal increments.
What is signal conditioning in PLCs?
Modifying analogue signals (e.g., filtering, amplification) to make them suitable for PLC processing.
Q: Name two applications of hydraulic systems.
Aircraft landing gear, construction machinery (e.g., excavators).
