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PDHPE: year 11 > Core 2: The body in motion > Flashcards

Core 2: The body in motion Flashcards

(69 cards)

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1
Q

What does the Skeletal system consist of and it’s function

A

bone tissue
bone marrow
cartilage
periosteum

To support, movement, mineral support, production an blood cell production

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2
Q

Describe Sutural Bones/Irregular Bones (skeletal system)

A

protect internal organs

E.g Vertebrae, cranial bone

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3
Q

Describe Short bones (skeletal system)

A

Provide stability, support, while allowing for some motion

E.g Carpals, Tarsals

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4
Q

Describe Sesamoid bones (skeletal system)

A

Protect tendons from compressive forces

E.g Patellae

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5
Q

Describe Flat Bones (skeletal system)

A

Points of attachment for muscles; protectors of internal organs

E.g Sternum, ribs, scapulae, cranial bones

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6
Q

Describe Long bones (skeletal system)

A

longer than it is wide, Leverage

E.g Femur, tibia, fibula, metatarsals, humerus, ulna, radius, metacarpals, phalanges

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7
Q

How many Bones (skeletal system)

A

206

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8
Q

Axial skeleton is.. (skeletal system)

A

major role is protection

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9
Q

Appendicular skeleton is… (skeletal system)

A

major role is movement

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10
Q

Describe Fibrous joint (skeletal system)

A

Held by a ligament, no joint cavity

E.g Cranium

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11
Q

Describe Cartilaginous joint (skeletal system)

A

held together by cartilage, no joint cavity

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12
Q

Describe Synovial joint (skeletal system)

A

Highly movable, has joint cavity and held together by ligaments separated by synovial fluid in joint cavity

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13
Q

What is a Articular Capsule (skeletal system)

A

a capsule that encloses the joint cavity

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14
Q

What is a Articular cartilage (skeletal system)

A

a connective tissue covering the surface of articulating bones

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15
Q

What is Synovial fluid (skeletal system)

A

a secretion that lubricates and nourishes the articular cartilage

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16
Q

What is Bursa (skeletal system)

A

a small sac containing synovial fluid, located at friction sites between bones and tendons

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17
Q

Tendons (skeletal system)

A

muscle to bone

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18
Q

Ligaments (skeletal system)

A

Bone to bone

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19
Q

Anterior (skeletal system)

A

Front view

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20
Q

Posterior (skeletal system)

A

Back view

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21
Q

midline (skeletal system)

A

Right down the middle

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22
Q

midline

A

Right down the middle

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23
Q

lateral (skeletal system)

A

Farther from midline

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24
Q

Medial (skeletal system)

A

Nearer to the midline

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25
Superior (skeletal system)
Toward head upper part of the structure
26
inferior (skeletal system)
Away from the head/lower part of a structure
27
superficial (skeletal system)
Close to the surface of the body
28
proximal (skeletal system)
Nearer to the origination of a structure
29
Distal (skeletal system)
Farther from the origination of a structure
30
Flexion (skeletal system)
decreasing the angle between two bones
31
Extension (skeletal system)
increasing the angle between two bones
32
Adduction (skeletal system)
movement of a bone toward the midline
33
Abduction (skeletal system)
movement of a bone away from the midline
34
Pronation (skeletal system)
movement of forearm so that the palm is posterior or inferior
35
Supination (skeletal system)
movement of forearm so that palm is anterior or superior
36
Plantar flexion (skeletal system)
bending of foot away from shin
37
Dorsiflexion (skeletal system)
blending of foot towards shin
38
What is a muscle (muscular system)
a bundle of fibrous tissue that has the ability to contract, producing movement in or meriting the position of parts of the body.
39
Cardiac muscle (muscular system)
forms must of hearts movement is involuntary (occurs without us knowing)
40
Smooth muscle (muscular system)
located on walls of our internal structure e.g, stomach, blood vessels, intestines movement is involuntary
41
Agonist (muscular system)
(prime movers) provides main force
42
Antagonist (muscular system)
(muscle that react) opposes or reverses a particular movement
43
Isotonic is.. (muscular system)
(movement) - Concentric: (muscle shortens) e.g. upward phase of bicep curl Eccentric: (muscle lengthens) e.g. lowering phase of bicep curl
44
Isometric is.. (muscular system)
(no movement) - neither shortens or lengthens
45
Nasal cavity (respiratory)
where air travels through and picks up small dust or bugs
46
pharynx (respiratory)
nasal cavity and the oral cavity combine and allows for the movement of both air, food and liquid
47
Epiglottis (respiratory)
used to close off the airway when swallowing
48
Larynx (respiratory)
voice box
49
Trachea (respiratory)
main air pipe, pits into two (2) main bronchi or bronchus
50
Bronchi (respiratory)
carry air directly into the lungs
51
Bronchioles (respiratory)
bring the air to the alveoli sacs
52
alveoli (respiratory)
surrounded by a mesh of capillaries to allow for gas exchange into the circulatory system.
53
lungs (respiratory)
Main organ of the respiratory system brings oxygen into our bodies
54
Diaphragm (respiratory)
contracts and flattens and the chest cavity enlarges
55
What are the 4 processes for respiration system
Pulmonary ventilation: (moving) movement of air from the atmosphere into the alveoli Pulmonary diffusion: exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide Transport of respiratory gases: transportation of oxygen & carbon dioxide between the lungs Internal respiration: exchange of gas between the blood capillaries & the tissue cells
56
Pulmonary ventilation
Inspiration: air outside having higher pressure than the air in the lungs (diaphragm contracts increase the size and volume inside the lungs) Expiration: pressure inside is greater than outside (diaphragm decrease the size and volume inside the lungs)
57
Function of blood (circulatory system)
Distribution: Transports Regulation: temperature Protection: Protects
58
Components of blood (circulatory system)
Blood plasma: take nutrients Platelets: process of clotting White blood cells: fight viruses Red blood cells: carry oxygen
59
stroke volume is.. (circulatory system)
amount of blood ejected with each contraction of the heart
60
Cardiac Output is.. (circulatory system)
volume of blood that is pumped out of the heart per minute Q = heart rate (HR) x stroke rate
61
Blood vessels (circulatory system)
Arteries: carries blood away from the heart Viens: carries blood back to the heart Capillaries: x change of materials between the blood and tissue cells
62
Pulmonary and systemic circulation (circulatory system)
Pulmonary: blood from right side of heart to lungs, back to left side heart. (deoxygenated) Systemic: blood from left side of heart out to all body tissues, then back to right side of heart (oxygenated)
63
Components of physical fitness - Health related
cardiorespiratory endurance: beep test Muscular strength: hand dynamometres Muscular endurance: sit up test Flexibility: sit and reach test Body composition: skinfold callipers test
64
Components of physical fitness - skill related
Power: vertical jump test speed: sprints Agility: Illinois agility run Coordination: juggling Balance: brick stand test Reaction time: ruler reaction time test
65
Aerobic and anaerobic training
Aerobic - (continuous activity) uses O2 Anaerobic - (powerful and explosive movement) does not use O2
66
FITT principle
Frequency Intensity Time Type
67
Immediate physiological response to training
Heart rate: Ventilation rate: Stroke volume: amount of blood ejected with each contraction of the heart Cardiac output: volume of blood that is pumped out to the heart per minute Lactate levels: High levels of acidity make it increasingly difficult for muscle fibres to contract
68
Two types of balance
Static - (not moving) Dynamic - (moving)
69
Types of forces that can be generated:
Internal - E.g [contraction of the quadriceps when kicking a football] External - E.g [gravity, contact with the ground, fluid & air resistance] FORCE = MASS X ACCELERATION

PDHPE: year 11 (3 decks)

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