Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Bio > Core (｡ì _ í｡) > Flashcards

Core (｡ì _ í｡) Flashcards

(74 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

What do roots absorb?

A

Water and minerals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What do small intestine absorb?

A

Digested food, water soluble and lipid soluble substances

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What adaptation of roots increase surface area?

A

Root is highly branched and there’s numerous root hairs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Which adaptation of small intestine increase its surface area?

A

Highly folded and it contains villi, microvilli epithelial cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What other adaptation of roots for absorption

A

Roots are long and fine—>easily grow into soil particles—>absorb water and mineral around them easily
Root is not covered by cuticle, covered by one layer thin-walled cells—>water and minerals can easily pass through the epidermis
Root hair cells have a lot mitochondria—> enough energy for active transport

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Other adaptation of small intestine for absorption

A

Small intestine is long—>allow sufficient time for absorption
Epithelium is one cell thick—>short diffusion distance
Lacteal and capillaries allow absorbed food molecules to be carried away rapidly—> maintain steep concentration gradient to increase diffusion rate
Peristalsis brings digested food molecules into close contact with villi for absorption—>maintain steep concentration gradient—>increase rate of diffusion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Which cells contain many mitochondria?

A

Epithelial cell and root hair cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

System of human and plants

A

Human: circulatory and lymphatic
Plants: xylem and phloem

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Xylem contain what

A

Hollow tubes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Phloem contain what

A

Companion cell and sieve tube

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the difference between human vessels and plants vessel?

A

Blood vessels and lymphatic vessels are living cells
Xylem is dead cell
Phloem is living cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Difference between lumens of vessel of humans and plants

A

Human: extracellular(vessels surrounded by cells)
Plants: intracellular(vessels within the cells)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Why diameter of vessels can be adjusted in human?

A

Arteries are elastic, so it can recoil and distend
Veins can be distended

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Xylem in plants is ?
Diameter of vessels are?

A

Xylem is rigid which provides support to plants and diameter of vessels are fixed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Valves present in?

A

Veins and lymph vessel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Sieve tubes present in?

A

Phloem

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Plants don’t have specific organ generate driving force but hv wat?

A

Transpiration pull

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Features of arteries

A
  1. Thick walls allow arteries to withstand high blood pressure
  2. Elastic tissues allow them to recoil and distend and hence maintain a continuous blood flow
  3. Thick layer of muscle contract or relax to change the size of lumen which helps regulate amount of blood flow
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Features of veins

A

Large lumen reduces resistance to blood flow
Valves present to prevent back flow of blood
Force of blood flow is provided by contraction of skeletal muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Name the vessel connects small intestine and the liver

A

Hepatic portal vein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Name the vessel connects liver and the inferior vena cava

A

Hepatic vein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Which blood vessel carries blood with highest urea content

A

Hepatic vein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Which blood vessel carries blood with the highest oxygen content

A

Pulmonary veins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What components is absent in tissue fluid?

A

Red blood cells, blood platelets and plasma proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Why we need to cut leafy shoot under water?
Prevent air bubbles entering the xylem vessels and block water uptake
26
Two ways of measuring the rate of transpiration
Bubble potometer and weight potometer
27
3 main structure in seed
Plumule (develop into leave and stem) Radicle(develop into root) Cotyledon(provide enough food for plumule and radicle)
28
Which cell responsible for black and white vision?
Rod cells
29
Response when bright light entering the eye
Circular muscle contract Radial muscle relax Pupil constriction Prevent overstimulation of photoreceptors
30
Response when eyes are watching near object
Ciliary muscles contract Suspensory ligament slackens Lens become thicker and refracts more light
31
Outer part of both medulla oblongata and spinal cord are wat matter . How about inside?
White matter Grey matter 出白入灰
32
Regulation of blood glucose level
Chemoreceptors in the pancreas detect an increase in blood glucose level It secretes more insulin and less glucagon Insulin stimulates the liver cells and body cells to covert glucose into glycogen Stimulates body cells to consume more glucose for respiration Stimulates liver cells to take up more glucose from the blood Blood glucose level falls to normal level
33
5 interaction in ecosystem
Predation (+/-) (eat others: predator;eaten by others:prey) -population of the predator is always lagging behind that of the prey) Competition (-/-) -interspecific (different species) -intraspecific (same species) Commensalism (+/0) Mutualism (+/+) Parasitism (+/-) (Organism which benefits called parasite; organism being harmed is the host)
34
Name the treatment of coronary heart disease
Angioplasty (ballon with a metal mesh flattens the plaques) Coronary bypass surgery(creates new route for blood)
35
Adaptive features in air sacs for gases exchange
1. Moist inner surface—>allow oxygen dissolve in the water film before diffusion 2. Numerous/large in number—>increase surface area 3. Thin walls&one cell thick&close contact with capillaries—>reduces diffusion distance for gas exchange 4. Rich supply of capillaries—>allow rapid transport of gases and maintain steep concentration gradient
36
Adaptive features of gas exchange in leaves of terrestrial plants
1. Leaves are thin—>shortens the diffusion distance 2. Broad and flat&numerous leaves&spongy mesophyll loosely packed—>provide large surface area 3. Stomata present—>allow gases to move into or out freely 4. Guard cells—>allow rate of gas exchange to be regulated 5. Water film on mesophyll cells—>allow gases to dissolve and diffuse into or out 6. Numerous air spaces among spongy mesophyll cells—>allow gases to diffuse freely
37
Adaptive feature of red blood cells
1. No nucleus when mature—>Hold more haemoglobin 2. Packed with haemoglobin—> increase oxygen-carrying capacity 3. Biconcave disc shape—>provide large surface area and short distance for diffusion of oxygen
38
Inhalation
1. Intercostal muscle contract, rib cage moves upwards and outwards 2. Diaphragm muscle contract, diaphragm becomes flattened 3. Volume of thoracic cavity increase, lungs volume increase 4. Air pressure in lung decrease 5. Air rushes in
39
Exhalation
1. Intercostal muscle relax, rib cage move downward and inward 2. Diaphragm muscle relax, diaphragm returns in its dome shape 3. Volume of thoracic cavity decrease, lung volume also decrease 4. Air pressure in lungs increase 5. Air is forced out
40
Where do photochemical reaction occur?
In thylakoids
41
Where do carbon fixation occur?
In stroma
42
What do photophosphorylation make?
ADP+P=ATP (energy carrier)
43
What do photolysis of water make?
1. H+NADP=NADPH 2. Oxygen (by-product)
44
Major 3 step involve in carbon fixation
Carbon dioxide fixation 3-C compound reduction (after reduction will create triose phosphate and then glucose) Regeneration of CO2 acceptor(5-C compound)
45
Stages involve in mitotic cell division
Interphase (DNA replication and chromosome isn’t visible) Prophase Metaphase (chromosome line up in the equator —> spindle fibres attach to the chromosome) Anaphase (sister chromatids separate and move to the opposite pole) Telophase (new nuclear membrane is formed) Cytokinesis
46
Linnaeus’ system
Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species
47
Name the 3 domain 6 kingdom
Domain: bacteria ; kingdom: eubacteria Domain: archaea ; kingdom: archaebacteria Domain: eukarya ; kingdom: Protista, plantae, animalia, fungi
48
Name two hinge joint and ball and socket joint
Hinge joint: elbow and knee joint Ball and socket joint: shoulder and hip joint
49
What is the difference between ligament and tendon?
Ligament join two bones while tendon join muscle and bone Ligament avoid dislocation of bones and tendon transmit pulling force of contracting muscle to bones Ligament is flexible and elastic while tendon is tough and inelastic
50
Transmission of nerve impulses across a synapse
A nerve impulse arrives, stimulating the synaptic knob. Neurotransmitter are released from the synaptic vesicle. Neurotransmitter diffuse across the synaptic cleft. It binds to receptor sites on the dendron. The dendron is stimulated to generate nerve impulse.
51
Where do mitotic cell division and meiotic cell division occur?
Somatic cells and gamete producing cells
52
Why maternal and embryonic blood need to be separated?
Avoid clumping of blood (incompatible) Prevent high blood pressure of maternal blood damage embryonic blood vessels Prevent entry of toxins e.g. alcohol, nicotine
53
What do saliva contain?
Salivary amylase (starch —> maltose) Water Mucus
54
What substance do gastric juice contain?
Pepsin (protein—>peptides) Hydrochloric acid Mucus
55
Where is bile produced and where it stored? What it contains?
Produced by liver Stored in gall bladder Bile salts (carry out emulsification to increase surface area for the action of the lipase) Bile pigments (break down haemoglobin) Sodium hydrogencarbonate
56
What do pancreatic juice contain?
Pancreatic amylase (starch —> maltose) Pancreatic lipase (lipids—>fatty acid+glycerol) Proteases(proteins—>peptides—> amino acids) Sodium hydrogencarbonate
57
What enzyme do epithelium contain?
Carbohydrases(maltose—>glucose)(sucrose—> glucose+fructose)(lactose—> glucose+galactose) Proteases(peptides—>amino acids)
58
What do both lymph and tissue fluid contain?
Water minerals Sugars Lipids Hormones White blood cell ⭐️ No red blood cell, blood platelets, plasma protein. They are too large to pass through the capillary walls.
59
Describe the inflammatory response
1. Arterioles (x capillaries) dilate 2. Increase blood flow —> redness+hotness 3. Increase permeability of capillaries —> more tissue fluid accumulates —> swelling+pain 4. More phagocytes engulf and digest the pathogens Pus formed which consists remains of killed pathogens and worn-out phagocytes
60
What is B cells responsible for?
Production of antibodies
61
What is responsible for the formation of blood clot?
Blood platelets and plasma protein fibrinogen(soluble)which turn into fibrin(insoluble)
62
Functions of white blood cells
Engulfing pathogens (phagocytosis) B cells (lymphocytes) produce antibodies
63
What is the food test of glucose and what is the positive result
Glucose test paper Pink—>purple
64
What is the food test of reducing sugar and what is the positive result
Benedict’s test Blue —> brick red precipitate
65
What is the food test of starch and what is the positive result
Iodine test Brown—>blue-black
66
What is the food test of protein and what is the positive result
Albustix paper/protein test paper Yellow—>green
67
What is the food test of vitamin C and what is the positive result
DCPIP test Blue—>colourless 越少滴越多vitamin C
68
What is the food test of lipid and what is the positive result
Grease spot test Filter paper leaves translucent spot
69
The three important part of teeth
Enamel (non-living, Xrespiration, made calcium salts, the hardest tissue) Dentine (large amount of calcium salts, living) Pulp cavity (contain blood vessels and nerve fibres)
70
What are the dental formula of milk teeth and permanent teeth
Milk teeth 2102; total 20 Permanent teeth 2123; total 32
71
What is the 4 types of teeth (not include wisdom teeth)
Incisor (i) Canine (c) Premolar (p) Molar (m)
72
Tissue fluid entered the lymphatic system will travel back to circulatory system in _____?
Vena cava
73
What is the function of eardrum, ear bone, oval window and cochlea?
Convert sound waves to sound vibrations Amplify and transmit vibrations Transmit vibrations Contain sensory hair cells to detect vibrations
74
Which structure in the ear aren’t responsible for hearing and what is their function?
Semicircular canal which detect head movement Eustachian tube which equalises pressure between the middle ear and the atmosphere Round window which releases fluid pressure

Bio (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions