core ideas of liberalism

Question 1

individualiasm

Answer 1

places the rights of the indvidual over the rights of society

Question 2

liberals believe individuals should…

Answer 2

-have full resposnibility for their own actions
-have as much freedom as possible
-should not have freedom harmed by the state
-shouldnt be restricted by govt intervention

Question 3

what is egoistical individualism

Answer 3

the belief that the individual should atisfy their own wants and needs
e.g Thatecherism, dont believe in a society, more of a collection of self reliant individuals

Question 4

developmental individualism

Answer 4

believes in a society and individuals should wish to live alongside eachother

Question 5

devolpmental individualism supports…

Answer 5

more state intervention
beleve the state can make people more free by providing welfare
(view often held by social liberals)

Question 6

freedom

Answer 6

an individuals freedom is the focus of liberalism

Question 7

(freedom) the state should….

Answer 7

-ensure civil liberty
-guarantee freedom under the law
-extent of state depends whether pos or neg freedom is supported

Question 8

capitalism/economic freedom

Answer 8

-believe in the principle of free choice
-some argue for some govt intervention in the free market

Question 9

whos idea is the Harm Principle and what is it

Answer 9

John Stuart Mill
deals with the problem of when it is appropriate for society to limit the freedom of individuals (if it risks harm to others)

Question 10

positive freedom

Answer 10

when an individual is given freedom to do what they wish by authority

Question 11

eg of pos freedom

Answer 11

state giving social welfare to do with income what they wish

Question 12

negative freedom

Answer 12

when an indviudual is free from external constraintsand do as they wish

Question 13

eg of neg freedom

Answer 13

freedom from tyrannical government means someone can act as they wish without fear of govt

Question 14

what do liberals describe the state as and why

Answer 14

‘a necessary evil’

necessary - provides struture to avid disorder

evil- has power to coerce indidivuduals and restrict

Question 15

liberals and paternalism

Answer 15

liberals oposse it as it does mot respect the individual as a rational being or individual freedom

Question 16

how do liberals want a limited state

Answer 16

constitutionalism
supporting rule of law and independent judiciary

Question 17

classic liberals support a ______ economy

Answer 17

laissez faire

Question 18

liberals support limited intervention because

Answer 18

humans are rational and able to improve themselves

Question 19

rationalism

Answer 19

the belief that humans are rational reasonable and logical

Question 19

rationalism

Answer 19

the belief that humans are rational reasonable and logical

Question 20

rationalism supports

Answer 20

individual freedom and self determindation

Question 21

liberalism supports a ___ society and promotes ____

Answer 21

progressuve

tolerance

Question 22

tolerance

Answer 22

the willingness of someone to respect opinions values customs and beliefs

Question 23

which key thinker is associated to tolerance

Answer 23

John Locke
he called for catholic emancipation when people in england were not free to practice it

Question 24

equality

Answer 24

the belief that all individuals are of equal rights and value

Question 25

foundation equality

Answer 25

all humans have rights simply by being born and cant be taken away

Question 26

example of foundational equality

Answer 26

the HRA 1998 act

Question 27

formal equality

Answer 27

all individuals have the same legal and political rights

Question 28

which thinker opposed to formal equality

Answer 28

John Stuart Mill

Question 29

equality of opportunity

Answer 29

all individuals should have equal chances in life to succeed or fail

Question 30

examples of equal opportunity

Answer 30

Liberal PM Gladstone created primary education for working class children Peoples budget 1909 aimed at creating equality of opportunity

Question 31

what is liberal democracy

Answer 31

a democratic state that has a degree of limited govt and a prominant place for civil liberties

Question 32

which liberal thinker argues that democracy helps inddividuals to develop

Answer 32

John Stuart Mill

Question 33

what is required to ensure govt powers are checked

Answer 33

constitution

Question 34

example of limited govt

Answer 34

US systems, constituion lays out checks and balances and seperation of powers

Question 35

what is a free market

Answer 35

one left to its own devices with no govt interference

Question 36

which type of liberals argue free market is the most effciient

Answer 36

classic liberals

Question 37

which liberals support keynsian

Answer 37

social and modern

Question 38

what does keynsian reject that classic liberals accept

Answer 38

laissez faire economics

Question 39

meritrocracy

Answer 39

individuals succeed on the basis of their own ability

Question 40

social contract theory

Answer 40

the state is set up with an agreement of the peple to resoect its laws

Question 41

when was the idea of the social contract popularised

Answer 41

during the enlightenment

Question 42

e.g of a social contract

Answer 42

2016 EU referendum represents one for britian to leave the EU