Core Ideas Of Liberalism

Question 1

What did john Stuart mill argue in relation to individual freedom ?

Answer 1

Developmental freedom

Question 2

Who is egotistical individualism associated with ?

Answer 2

Classical liberals

Question 3

What do Morden liberals have a greater focus on ?

Answer 3

Development individualism

Question 4

What did Thomas hill green argue for ?

Answer 4

Individuals are free when thy rise above narrow self- interest

Question 5

What is liberalism view of human nature ?

Answer 5

Humankind is imperfect and flawed

Question 6

How did Locke argue against a might state?

Answer 6

Argued that humankind are naturally free, equal and independent

Question 7

What did Hobbes argue ?

Answer 7

Mighty state

Question 8

Define original sin ?

Answer 8

Christian doctrine that every person is born sinful with the urge to disobey God

Question 9

How can disputes between individuals be solved ?

Answer 9

Rational discussion

Question 10

What leads to happiness in the view of liberals ?

Answer 10

Self interest

Question 11

What were later liberals challenges to egotistical individualism?

Answer 11

Too optimistic and simplistic

Question 12

What did both green and Friday argue in relation to securing happiness ?

Answer 12

State need to intervene to tackle in equality

Question 13

According to Friedan what cause gender inequality?

Answer 13

Human nature begin left unchecked by the state

Question 14

What did Rawls argue in relation to human nature ?

Answer 14

Capacity for toleration and mutual respect

Question 15

Define toleration ?

Answer 15

The virtue of not using ones power to interfere with another’s opinion or action over something morally important

Question 16

What is the role of the state according to early liberals ?

Answer 16

Ensure that natural rights and laws of natural society are safeguarded so the individual can f;ourish

Question 17

Why is consent important in relation to the state ?

Answer 17

Social contract theory

Question 18

How is consent gained ?

Answer 18

Consent to state while it protects those rights better than in the state of nature

Question 19

Hoe did mill develop on Locke ideas ?

Answer 19

Mill suggested that government must only intervene where it is necessary to protect the liberties and freedom of individual

Question 20

Define meritocracy?

Answer 20

Social position and economic reward are based on talent and hard work, where there is equality of opportunity , their is an incentive to work hard and realise your talents

Question 21

Why is equality important to liberals ?

Answer 21

To achieve happiness

Question 22

What are morden liberals more positive about in relation to the state ?

Answer 22

Ability to improve peoples live and see and expanded role for the state in helping people to help themselves

Question 23

How did Rawls take the role of the state further ?

Answer 23

Increased taxation and public spending

Question 24

What are the four feature of limited government ?

Answer 24

Constitutionalism
Fragment government
Formal equality
Rule of law

Question 25

Define fragmented government?

Answer 25

Ensure the dispersal of power rather than its concentration in the hands of one person

Question 26

Define formal equality ?

Answer 26

All individual are entitled to the same legal rights and same political rights

Question 27

Define constitutionalism ?

Answer 27

Contrast between the government and the people it clearly lays out the rule of procedures which the government must act by and enshrines the natural rights of the citizens

Question 28

What underpins liberals views on society ?

Answer 28

Optimistic view on human nature

Question 29

What form of society would exist in the state of nature ?

Answer 29

Natural society

Question 30

What is the natural society built upon ?

Answer 30

Natural rights such as life, liberty and possession

Question 31

What criticism did Wollstonecraft have of society

Answer 31

Failure to recognise the rights of women

Question 32

What did mill argue was the main aims of society ?

Answer 32

Promote individualism

Question 33

What did Locke argue in the a letter concerning toleration ?

Answer 33

Religion was a private matter and so should be left out

Question 34

How did mill take locke’s ideas furthers ?

Answer 34

Saw toleration and diversity as key ingredients of a vibrant, progressive society

Question 35

Ftrom the 20th century liberal have championed whose rights ?

Answer 35

Minority groups e.g race, religion, gender and sexual orientation

Question 36

What did Friedan argue the state had to take ?

Answer 36

Proactive role

Question 37

What underpins liberalism approach to the economy ?

Answer 37

Belief right to property

Question 38

How does the free market help the individual to make rational choices ?

Answer 38

Buying and selling labour, how to save, invest or spend their money

Question 39

Define free marker ?

Answer 39

An economic system in which price are determined by an un - restricted competition between privately owned business

Question 40

What is the invisible hand ?

Answer 40

Guided individuals to make rational choices

Question 41

Who wrote the wealth of nations in 1776 ?

Answer 41

Adam smith

Question 42

What is liberals optimistic view of the market ?

Answer 42

Market guiding individuals to economic success

Question 43

What did green see capitalism as creating ?

Answer 43

Social and economic obstacle

Question 44

What theory did modern liberals support ?

Answer 44

Keynesian

Question 45

Where do liberals agree in relation to human nature ?

Answer 45

Individual as morally equal, independent and rational, desiring to pursue their version of the good life

Question 46

What do classical liberals believe in relation to human nature ?

Answer 46

Individual develop best when left free to pursue their own happiness

Question 47

What do modern liberals believe in relation to human nature ?

Answer 47

Rationalism need to be developed and that individualism is more a reflection of what humankind can become especially in education

Question 48

What did green argue in relation to human nature ?

Answer 48

Freedom is achieved by working towards common good

Question 49

Where do liberal agree in relation to the state ?

Answer 49

State should be limited by constitutionalism

Question 50

What do classical liberal believe in relation to the state ?

Answer 50

State should have a night watchman role, justified by the concept of negative freedom and with intervention only justified to prevent a actions that are harmful to others

Question 51

What do modern liberals believe in relation to the state ?

Answer 51

Enabling state where intervention should be far greater in order to enable people to be free to pursue their own individuality in line with the concept of positive freedom

Question 52

Where do liberal agree in relation to society ?

Answer 52

Individualism and freedom and that society should be arranged to allow the individual to flourish

Question 53

What do classical liberals believe in relation to the society ?

Answer 53

Individuals are self seeking and independent but constraint by their rational nature which leads them to respect the rights of other so that their own rights are respected in turn

Question 54

What do modern liberals believe in relation to the society ?

Answer 54

Based around free markers capitalism as restricting the ability of individuals to be free, this leads to support for social justice, where poverty and inequalities as well as any discrimination based on identity are tackled by the state to ensure positive freedom

Question 55

Where do liberals agree in relation to the economy ?

Answer 55

The right to property and advocate an economy based on private property

Question 56

What are the key areas off tension in relation to the economy

Answer 56

Free trade vs tools of tax and government spending