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Political Ideologies > Core Ideas Of Liberalism > Flashcards

Core Ideas Of Liberalism Flashcards

1
Q

What did john Stuart mill argue in relation to individual freedom ?

A

Developmental freedom

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2
Q

Who is egotistical individualism associated with ?

A

Classical liberals

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3
Q

What do Morden liberals have a greater focus on ?

A

Development individualism

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4
Q

What did Thomas hill green argue for ?

A

Individuals are free when thy rise above narrow self- interest

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5
Q

What is liberalism view of human nature ?

A

Humankind is imperfect and flawed

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6
Q

How did Locke argue against a might state?

A

Argued that humankind are naturally free, equal and independent

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7
Q

What did Hobbes argue ?

A

Mighty state

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8
Q

Define original sin ?

A

Christian doctrine that every person is born sinful with the urge to disobey God

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9
Q

How can disputes between individuals be solved ?

A

Rational discussion

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10
Q

What leads to happiness in the view of liberals ?

A

Self interest

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11
Q

What were later liberals challenges to egotistical individualism?

A

Too optimistic and simplistic

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12
Q

What did both green and Friday argue in relation to securing happiness ?

A

State need to intervene to tackle in equality

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13
Q

According to Friedan what cause gender inequality?

A

Human nature begin left unchecked by the state

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14
Q

What did Rawls argue in relation to human nature ?

A

Capacity for toleration and mutual respect

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15
Q

Define toleration ?

A

The virtue of not using ones power to interfere with another’s opinion or action over something morally important

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16
Q

What is the role of the state according to early liberals ?

A

Ensure that natural rights and laws of natural society are safeguarded so the individual can f;ourish

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17
Q

Why is consent important in relation to the state ?

A

Social contract theory

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18
Q

How is consent gained ?

A

Consent to state while it protects those rights better than in the state of nature

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19
Q

Hoe did mill develop on Locke ideas ?

A

Mill suggested that government must only intervene where it is necessary to protect the liberties and freedom of individual

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20
Q

Define meritocracy?

A

Social position and economic reward are based on talent and hard work, where there is equality of opportunity , their is an incentive to work hard and realise your talents

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21
Q

Why is equality important to liberals ?

A

To achieve happiness

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22
Q

What are morden liberals more positive about in relation to the state ?

A

Ability to improve peoples live and see and expanded role for the state in helping people to help themselves

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23
Q

How did Rawls take the role of the state further ?

A

Increased taxation and public spending

24
Q

What are the four feature of limited government ?

A

Constitutionalism
Fragment government
Formal equality
Rule of law

25
Q

Define fragmented government?

A

Ensure the dispersal of power rather than its concentration in the hands of one person

26
Q

Define formal equality ?

A

All individual are entitled to the same legal rights and same political rights

27
Q

Define constitutionalism ?

A

Contrast between the government and the people it clearly lays out the rule of procedures which the government must act by and enshrines the natural rights of the citizens

28
Q

What underpins liberals views on society ?

A

Optimistic view on human nature

29
Q

What form of society would exist in the state of nature ?

A

Natural society

30
Q

What is the natural society built upon ?

A

Natural rights such as life, liberty and possession

31
Q

What criticism did Wollstonecraft have of society

A

Failure to recognise the rights of women

32
Q

What did mill argue was the main aims of society ?

A

Promote individualism

33
Q

What did Locke argue in the a letter concerning toleration ?

A

Religion was a private matter and so should be left out

34
Q

How did mill take locke’s ideas furthers ?

A

Saw toleration and diversity as key ingredients of a vibrant, progressive society

35
Q

Ftrom the 20th century liberal have championed whose rights ?

A

Minority groups e.g race, religion, gender and sexual orientation

36
Q

What did Friedan argue the state had to take ?

A

Proactive role

37
Q

What underpins liberalism approach to the economy ?

A

Belief right to property

38
Q

How does the free market help the individual to make rational choices ?

A

Buying and selling labour, how to save, invest or spend their money

39
Q

Define free marker ?

A

An economic system in which price are determined by an un - restricted competition between privately owned business

40
Q

What is the invisible hand ?

A

Guided individuals to make rational choices

41
Q

Who wrote the wealth of nations in 1776 ?

A

Adam smith

42
Q

What is liberals optimistic view of the market ?

A

Market guiding individuals to economic success

43
Q

What did green see capitalism as creating ?

A

Social and economic obstacle

44
Q

What theory did modern liberals support ?

A

Keynesian

45
Q

Where do liberals agree in relation to human nature ?

A

Individual as morally equal, independent and rational, desiring to pursue their version of the good life

46
Q

What do classical liberals believe in relation to human nature ?

A

Individual develop best when left free to pursue their own happiness

47
Q

What do modern liberals believe in relation to human nature ?

A

Rationalism need to be developed and that individualism is more a reflection of what humankind can become especially in education

48
Q

What did green argue in relation to human nature ?

A

Freedom is achieved by working towards common good

49
Q

Where do liberal agree in relation to the state ?

A

State should be limited by constitutionalism

50
Q

What do classical liberal believe in relation to the state ?

A

State should have a night watchman role, justified by the concept of negative freedom and with intervention only justified to prevent a actions that are harmful to others

51
Q

What do modern liberals believe in relation to the state ?

A

Enabling state where intervention should be far greater in order to enable people to be free to pursue their own individuality in line with the concept of positive freedom

52
Q

Where do liberal agree in relation to society ?

A

Individualism and freedom and that society should be arranged to allow the individual to flourish

53
Q

What do classical liberals believe in relation to the society ?

A

Individuals are self seeking and independent but constraint by their rational nature which leads them to respect the rights of other so that their own rights are respected in turn

54
Q

What do modern liberals believe in relation to the society ?

A

Based around free markers capitalism as restricting the ability of individuals to be free, this leads to support for social justice, where poverty and inequalities as well as any discrimination based on identity are tackled by the state to ensure positive freedom

55
Q

Where do liberals agree in relation to the economy ?

A

The right to property and advocate an economy based on private property

56
Q

What are the key areas off tension in relation to the economy

A

Free trade vs tools of tax and government spending

Political Ideologies (1 decks)

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