🧖‍♀️ 🌎🎫🌲💔☪️ core one: research methodology

Question 1

Wellbeing

Answer 1

SPEECS - Social, Physical, Economic, Emotional, Cultural, Spiritual

Question 2

Specific Needs

Answer 2

SHESEA - Safety and security, Health, Education, Sense of Identity, Employment, Adequate Standard of Living

Question 3

Sampling

Answer 3

SMS - Sample Group, Methods of Sampling, Sample Size

Question 4

Types of Data

Answer 4

PSQQ - Primary, Secondary, Qualitative, Quantitative

Question 5

Sources of Data

Answer 5

IP - Individuals and groups, Print and digital

Question 6

Ethical Behaviour

Answer 6

PRIB - Privacy, Respect, Integrity of Researcher/Data, Bias

Question 7

Research Methods

Answer 7

CLOIQ - Case study, Literature review, Observation, Interview, Questionnaire

Question 8

Research process

Answer 8

PCI…. Planning for research, Conducting research, Interpreting research

Question 9

PLANNING (P-ci) for research

Answer 9

FM…. Formulating proposal, Managing Resources

Question 10

CONDUCTING (p-C-i) research

Answer 10

CAD….. Collecting & recording data, Accessing sources of Data, Documenting Actions and Issues

Question 11

INTERPRETING (p-c-I) data

Answer 11

PAD…. Presenting Research findings, Analysing Research results, Drawing Conclusions

Question 12

Types of Graphs

Answer 12

LPB…. Line graph, Pie graph, Bar/column graph

Question 13

sampling methods

Answer 13

RSSCCV...
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Random
Systematic
Stratified
Cluster
Convenience
Volunteer

Question 14

‘random-simple’ sampling method

Answer 14

none structured method, choosing participates at random.. is convenient but leads to bias…

Question 15

‘systematic’ sampling

Answer 15

A gap between each of the selection.. ect 1 in 10.. choosing every 10th person.

Question 16

‘stratified’ sampling

Answer 16

dividing the population into subgroups by a certain characteristic, etc age, gender, postcode..

Question 17

‘cluster’ sampling

Answer 17

divides people into various groups or ‘clusters’.. sample is taken from each cluster to broadly represent that population.

Question 18

‘convenience’ sampling

Answer 18

choosing samples without a method or system

Question 19

‘volunteer’ sampling

Answer 19

individuals that volunteer their participation

Question 20

what does an appendix do?

Answer 20

Holds and records any documentation that supports the hypothesis such as copies of raw primary data.. questionnaire data, interview transcripts and key journal articles used.

Question 21

What are the Acknowledgements?

Answer 21

The acknowledgement by the researcher for those who have contributed and assisted in the research process

Question 22

What is the Analysis and Discussion?

Answer 22

A detailed comparison to what results were researched and what results where discovered. Does the researched (primary) data support what you found?

Question 23

What is the Conclusion and Recommendations?

Answer 23

Provides an overall summary of the main findings and states whether the question proved the hypothesis or not.

Question 24

What is the use of a Bibliography?

Answer 24

All secondary sources that were used in the research process, referenced in alphabetical order. Maintains respect and integrity of the research by correctly quoting its evidence in IRP.

Question 25

Purpose of Research

Answer 25

``` AEIOU.. ...Accessing sources of data -- ..Educating others -- Informing Practice... -- pr..O..ve or disprove hypothesis -- increase U..nderstanding of research ```

Question 26

What is a hypothesis?

Answer 26

A research statement declared in the beginning of the research and proved or disproved throughout the process.

Question 27

What is the IRP Question?

Answer 27

A question which includes a focus of study, intended to be answered throughout the research process.

Question 28

Primary Data?

Answer 28

Conducted first hand by the researcher and includes methods such as case studies, observations, interviews and questionnaires.

Question 29

Secondary Data?

Answer 29

Data that has already been collected by other researcher/s and is used for background information aswell as a comparison against primary data.

Question 30

Individuals and groups (sources of data)

Answer 30

Provides current and in-time data.. Individuals may be relatives, friend, neighbors, teachers.. Groups may be professional organisations, non-for profit groups etc.

Question 31

Print and Digital (sources of data)

Answer 31

Both Print and Digital add depth and detail to the process. Print includes.. books, journals, magazines, newspapers and pamphlets... Digital may be.. the internet, computer programs, statistics, webcasts and other resources...

Question 32

PRIB... Privacy?

Answer 32

Ensure all participants are aware their information won't be made available to anyone not involved with the IRP. Ensuring this... all participants must remain anonymous [even to the researchers themselves].. Difficult to fully accomplish but is a strong guarantee of privacy which will contribute to the projects validity.

Question 33

PRIB.... Respect?

Answer 33

May include: - respect for the participates by treating their feelings with respect... - Non-discriminatory against their age, culture, status, health and experience... - Also respecting the participate through research methods.. the researcher shouldn't question participates on personal topics.

Question 34

PRIB.... Integrity?

Answer 34

2 types of Integrity 1. Integrity of the researcher..... to document all data accurately and truthfully.. - any conclusions should be documented as failing to record data is dishonest. 2. Integrity of the data... - Appendix... any questionnaires, tapes, observational notes should be available with anonomous/privacy maintained - Bibliography... Material used and their sources must be recorded and dated. Relates specifically to secondary data collated from secondary sources. Your records must show exactly what research methods were used and the ways in which it was conducted

Question 35

PRIB... Bias?

Answer 35

Bias= the influence of personal values and certain factors on the outcome of the research. It can be avoided through choosing an appropriate sample group. By a clear interpretation of the projects results, the researcher can record the results as they appear and not how the researcher wants them to.

Question 36

Literature Review

Answer 36

Secondary research method that involves a search and evaluation of existing knowledge on a particular topic. It aims to collect secondary information towards the IRP to enhance insight.

Question 37

Advantages and Disadvantages of Literature Reviews

Answer 37

``` ADVANTAGES: - Demonstrate researchers familiarisation with the topic - They save time - They're inexpensive DISADVANTAGES: -Requires a high level literacy skill -Research may be outdated/not relevant -Researchers may not have access to the information ```

Question 38

Questionnaires

Answer 38

A primary research method which seeks information through a set of formally prepared questions. It's completed by respondent and could include questions based off of their feelings, beliefs, opinions etc.

Question 39

Open vs Closed questions in Questionnaires

Answer 39

OPEN: Questions that provide the opportunity for an open response that is not guided by the researcher. EXAMPLE: "Why are informal support networks important to your family?' CLOSED: Closed questions are elicit to a limited range of responses, often easier to collate than interpret. Check boxes, Scales may be present for the response EXAMPLE: "Are you a Girl, yes or no"

Question 40

Developing a Questionnaire (points to consider)...

Answer 40

Points to consider: - Write a good introduction - Keep it short - Ask only relevant questions - Make sure each question is relevant to the topic - Question only talks about one thing - Limit number of possible responses [ frequent use of closed questions] - Avoid questions that contain bias - Avoid sensitive questions

Question 41

Advantages and Disadvantages of Questionnaires

Answer 41

``` ADVANTAGES: -Quick distribution -They collect both qualitative and quantitative data -Quantitative data is easy to interprete DISADVANTAGES: -Collected information may be limited -Requires literacy skill -Time-Consuming ```

Question 42

Interview's

Answer 42

A primary research method that involves verbal and non-verbal communication to obtain information from an interviewee. Interviews may be voice recorded (with participant permission) or written down during the process.

Question 43

Developing an Interview (points to consider)

Answer 43

- Simplicity in question.. leads to interviewee providing the most accurate answer - Test your questions before you gather data - Appropriate and reasonable length of Interview questions. - Strong structure

Question 44

Advantages and Disadvantages of Interviews

Answer 44

``` ADVANTAGES: -Interviewer has lots of control over the questions/responses -Large amounts of data are obtained -Respondents can have the questions reworded for classification DISADVANTAGES: -Time Consuming to plan -Bias may occur through interviewees -Communication difficulties may occur ```

Question 45

Case Studies

Answer 45

The collection of data in a raw format (information hasn't been gathered by/or written by another party).. a deep analysis of a situation/or figure. EX may be a celebrity or public figure information which is gathered in rich detail...

Question 46

The process of Case Studies..

Answer 46

1. Define the Objective, "what is it I want answered?" 2. Identify important aspects and target groups that are involved in the study (who, what, when, where and why) 3. Develop Questions 4. Keep a detailed record of behaviour, interactions and observations 5. Collect, review and analyse a variety of reports on the issue being studied 6. Once completed, document all notes and research in a chart or written format to complete.

Question 47

Advantages and Disadvantages of Case Studies

Answer 47

ADVANTAGES: -Provides in depth understanding of topic or issue -Provides data based on real life experiences/situations -Develops analytic and problem solving skills DISADVANTAGES: -Time Consuming -Privacy is difficult to protect -Insufficient information can lead to inadequate results

Question 48

Observations

Answer 48

A secondary method which involves systematically watching and recording behaviour as it occurs.. also views group dynamics (through Sociograms) TWO TYPES +++Participant: -the researcher takes part in the group and observes from within +++Non-Participant: -Involves the researcher observing the group without participating -More objective and easier to record what is seen

Question 49

Considerations for Observation method

Answer 49

When collecting and recording consider - How much data you want to collect - Record the appropriate amount during the research process... - ensure permission is granted to collect and record data - check the recording equipment before recording