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Chemistry A-Level > Core Organic Chemistry > Flashcards

Core Organic Chemistry Flashcards

1
Q

What is the shape and bond angle of CH4?

A

Tetrahedral, 109.5 degrees

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2
Q

What is the bond angle and shape of NH3?

A

Pyramidal, 107 degrees

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3
Q

What is the bond angle and shape of H2O?

A

Non linear, 104.5 degrees

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4
Q

What is a free radical?

A

A species with an unpaired electron.

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5
Q

What does nomenclature mean?

A

The system used for naming organic compounds.

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6
Q

What does the term empirical formula mean?

A

Simplest whole number ratio of atoms in a molecule.

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7
Q

What does the term molecular formula mean?

A

It provides the actual number of atoms of different elements in a molecule.

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8
Q

What does the term displayed formula mean?

A

It shows every atom and every bond in a molecule.

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9
Q

What does the term structural formula mean?

A

It shows the arrangement of atoms in a molecule without showing every bond.

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10
Q

Define skeletal formula

A

A type of formula which is drawn as lines with each vertex being a carbon atom.

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11
Q

Define homologous series

A

A series of organic compounds having the same functional group but with each successive member differing by CH2

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12
Q

What is a functional group?

A

A group of atoms responsible for characteristic reactions of a compound.

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13
Q

What is an aliphatic hydrocarbon?

A

Hydrocarbon with carbon atoms joined together in a straight line or branched chain.

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14
Q

What is an alicyclic hydrocarbon?

A

Hydrocarbons arranged in non aromatic rings or without side chains.

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15
Q

What is an aromatic hydrocarbon?

A

Hydrocarbon that contains at least one benzene ring.

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16
Q

Give the suffixes for:
a) no double bonds
b) at least one double bond
c) an alcohol
d) an aldehyde
e) a ketone
f) a carboxylic acid

A

a) no double bonds -ane
b) at least one double bond -ene
c) an alcohol- ol
d) an aldehyde-al
e) a ketone -one
f) a carboxylic acid -oic acid

17
Q

Give the prefixes for:
a) CH3 group
b) C2H5 group
c) C3H7 group
d) C4H9 group
e) Cl group
f) Br group
g) I group

A

a) CH3 group methyl-
b) C2H5 group ethyl-
c) C3H7 group propyl-
d) C4H9 group butyl-
e) Cl group chloro-
f) Br group bromo-
g) I group iodo-

18
Q

What is the general formula of alkanes?

A

CnH2n+2

19
Q

What is the general formula of alkenes?

A

CnH2n

20
Q

What is the general formula of alcohols?

A

CnH2n+1OH

21
Q

What does saturated mean?

A

Organic compounds which only contain single bonds.

22
Q

What are unsaturated compounds?

A

Organic compounds that contain at least one carbon carbon double covalent bond.

23
Q

Define structural isomerism

A

When molecules have the same molecular formula but different structural formulas.

24
Q

What are the 3 ways in which structural isomers can be formed?

A
  1. Alkyl groups can be in different places
  2. Functional groups can be bonded to different parts
  3. There can be different functional groups
25
Q

What are stereoisomers?

A

Organic compounds with the same molecular formula but have different arrangement of atoms in space.

26
Q

What is E-Z isomerism and how are E and Z isomers decided?

A

E-Z isomerism is caused by the limited rotation about C=C double bonds.
If the two substituents with the highest molecular mass are on the same side of the double bond, it is the Z (zusammen) isomer.
If they are on different sides, it is the E (entgegen) isomer.

27
Q

What is cis-trans isomerism?

A

Special type of E/Z isomerism where the two substituents on each carbon atom are the same.

28
Q

What is homolytic fission?

A

It happens when each bonding atom receives one electron from the bonded pair forming two radicals.

29
Q

What is heterolytic fission?

A

When one bonding atom receives both electrons from the bonded pair.

30
Q

What are radicals?

A

Highly reactive, neutral species.

31
Q

How is a covalent bond formed from two radicals?

A

The radicals collide and the electrons are involved in the bond formation.

Chemistry A-Level (11 decks)

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