Core Section Review

Question 1

When certified; your EPA section 608 certification has no expiration date. You’re responsible for understanding and complying with any future changes in the law.

Answer 1

Blank

Question 2

What happens if you lose your certification card?

Answer 2

You can demonstrate your certification to others by visiting mainstreams certification website at www.epatest.com you can also request a replacement card at this website

Question 3

What part of the atmosphere is lowest?

Answer 3

The troposphere as lowest part of the atmosphere approximately 9 miles into space

Question 4

How far does the stratosphere extend?

Answer 4

The stratosphere is approximately 30 miles in the space the stratosphere layer contains 90% of ozone and helps from the earths protective shield against sons harmful ultraviolet (UV-B) rays.

Question 5

What is the ozone made up of?

Answer 5

Those zone in the stratosphere is a fairly simple yet unstable molecule made up of three oxygen Atoms.

Question 6

What is the Roland Molina theory

Answer 6

According to them Roland Molina theory each chlorine atom in the stratosphere can destroy hundred thousand ozone molecules this decrease in the amount of those zone in the stratosphere allows more ultraviolet radiation to reach the earths surface

The ozone depletion in the stratosphere as a global warming problem.

Question 7

What could destroy the stratosphere AutoZone on a global level?

Answer 7

Chlorine and bromine can destroy the stratospheric ozone on a global level

Question 8

What is the Montreal protocol?

Answer 8

In 1987 the United States and 22 other countries signed the Montreal protocol on substances that deplete the ozone layer. The Montreal protocol is an international treaty that addresses those on depleting substance in their alternatives

Question 9

What year did the Montreal protocol accelerate to phase out certain refrigerant‘s

Answer 9

In 1990 the signatory parties of the Montreal protocol accelerate phase out dates of CFCs in halons and included carbon tetrachloride other CFCs, methyl chloroform as well as HCFCs In this agreement

Question 10

What is chlorine monoxide responsible for regarding the ozone depletion

Answer 10

According to the Roland Molina theory chlorine monoxide is the key agent responsible for stratospheric ozone depletion. Finding chlorine monoxide in the upper stratosphere indicates that the ozone layer is being destroyed.

This finding provides further evidence for the existence of chemical processes that converts stable forms of chlorine into it it was on destroying forms.

Question 11

What supporting evidence shows a primary sources of chlorine in the atmosphere?

Answer 11

The rise in the amount of Chlorine in the stratosphere matches the rise in the amount of flooring which has different natural sources and then chlorine.

The rise in the amount of chlorine in the stratosphere matches the rising that was on the Ozone depleting missions.

Air samples taken from the stratosphere over irrupt in volcano show that volcanoes contribute only small quantity of chlorine to the stratosphere when compared to CFCs in HCFCs.

Question 12

Chlorofluorocarbons (CFC)

Answer 12

A family of refrigerants containing the elements of chlorine, fluorine and carbon.

Refrigerant that contain chlorine but not hydrogen are so stable if they do not break down and lower atmosphere after being released. Chlorine and bromine destroys the ozone layer.

Question 13

What level of CFCs have on ozone depletion?

High or Low?

Answer 13

CFCs have the highest ozone depletion potential and therefore are the most harmful to the stratosphere Ozone. The ODP is a relative measure of the ability of CFCs and HCFCs to destroy the ozone

Question 14

R12 has what percent of ODP

Answer 14

R12 CFC has .820

Question 15

Does CFC’s have stability and able to reach the ozone?

Answer 15

The stability allows them to reach the stratosphere intact.

Question 16

What are the most common CFCs?

Answer 16

The most common CFC refrigerant are R12.

Question 17

Hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFC’s).

Answer 17

Are a family of refrigerant‘s containing hydrogen, chlorine, fluorine and carbon.

These refrigerants have an increased deterioration potential before reaching the stratosphere, which means HCFCs have a low ODP, but their ODP isn’t zero hCFCs or used to replace CFCs because they cause less depletion of the ozone, making HCFCs less harmful to the stratospheric ozone than CFCs.

Question 18

Retrofit of refrigerants.

Answer 18

The use of any HCFC in new systems is banned, and HCFCs can only be used for the service and repair of existing equipment. This means it is illegal to retrofit a system to R22 or take a system design for R-407C or new System that has not been charged with any refrigerant (dry charge) and charge it with R22

Question 19

What year will HCFCs refrigerants be banned?

Answer 19

Beginning January 1, 2020 the ban on the production or import of HCFCs with refrigerant will take affect. After that date only reclaimed or recovered HCFC’s can be used in the existing equipment.

Question 20

Hydrofluorocarbons (HFC)

Answer 20

HCFC’s are a family of a refrigerants containing hydrogen, fluorine, and carbon. But no chlorine. HFC refrigerants won’t damage the stratospheric ozone: they all have an ODP of zero.

Although HFC‘s have zero ODP, they do have a high global warming potential (GWP).According to the EPA CFCs, HCFC ‘s, and HFC’s all contribute to global warming.

Question 21

Hydrofluoroolefin (HFO)

Answer 21

HFL refrigerants are also family of three towards containing hydrogen flooring and carbon, but they are more reactive than HFC’s because of the reactivity of carbon – carbon bond.

They have GWP that are lower and have shorter Atmospheric lifetimes when compared to any CFCs, HCFC’s, or HCFC’s refrigerants. HFO like HCs can be flammable.

ASHREA classification of non-toxic (A) lower fallibility (2) refrigerant would be A2, some HFO refrigerants are non-flammable and some are classified as a A2L, meaning that they were of even lower flammability with a maximum burning velocity of less than 4 in./s

Question 22

Hydrofluoroolefin (HFO) -Continued.

Answer 22

The presence of the fluorine, which reduces the flammability, also means that HFO refrigerants can form reactive acids. HFO refrigerants aren’t miscible in mineral oil, but they are miscible in synthetic lubricant such as POE.

Question 23

Hydrocarbon refrigerants (HCs)

Answer 23

Hydrocarbon refrigerants are natural, non-toxic refrigerant‘s that have no ODP and absolutely minimal GWP. They are listed by ASHRAE as safety group a three, meaning they have low toxicity and highly flammable.

Question 24

What does EPA SNAP stand for?

Answer 24

Snap stands for significant New Alternatives Policy. This rule allows use of isobutane and propane with charge limit restrictions.

Question 25

HFE’s

Answer 25

Hydrofluoroethers (HFE) Are a family of refrigerant containing hydrogen, fluorine, carbon, and oxygen. HFC ‘s, HFE refrigerant‘s won’t damage stratospheric ozone because they all have an ODP of zero.

Question 26

HFE -Continued

Answer 26

HF is can have lower GWP than other refrigerant such as HFC ‘s. Many still have GWP is far above 100 and could be under suitable as long term replacement refrigerant for HFC’s and HCFC’s

Question 27

Effects on human health

Answer 27

Ozone depletion occurs, the penetration of UV Dash B radiation increases, resulting in potential health and environment harm including:

Increased incidence of certain skin cancers in cataracts

Suppression of immune system

Decreased crop yield and damage to marine organisms

Increased formation of ground level O zone

Increased weathering of outdoor plastics

Question 28

ODP & GWP of common refrigerants

Answer 28

Like HC ‘s, HFO‘s can be flammable, but HFO‘s are less flammable than HC‘s because they contain fluorine. The presence of fluorine also means that HFO refrigerants can form reactive acid that leads to compressor burnouts.

Question 29

Clean air act

Answer 29

The program did not authorize the EPA to mandate the elimination of GWP refrigerants rather than mandate was only to Eliminate Ozone depleting Refrigerants.

In addition to sending the schedule for phasing out of environmentally damaged refrigerants, the clean air act has been responsible for prohibiting the venting of refrigerant in authorizing the EPA to set standards for the recovery of refrigerants.

Question 30

EPA Laws to local government

Answer 30

States tribes and local governments can make laws that followed the clean air act/EPA regulations, they also may set an in force stronger air pollution laws that those set by the ETA. They can’t make laws that are less than the federal requirements

Question 31

EPA Violations

Answer 31

A violation of the clean air act, including improper recordkeeping, is subject to a Penalty of up to $44,539 per Violation

Question 32

Self contained equipment

Answer 32

Self-contained equipment has its own means of drawing refrigerant out of the system and is capable of removing the refrigerant from an appliance without assistance from components contained in the plants all recycle machines are self-contained.

Question 33

System dependent recovery

Answer 33

System dependent recovery equipment rely solely on the compressor in the compliance and or the pressure of the refrigerant in the appliance to recover the refrigerant. System dependent recovery equipment can only be used on appliances with 15 pounds or less of refrigerant

Question 34

Recovery and recycle equipment

Answer 34

The EPA use to require owners of recovery in the cycle equipment to certify in writing to the EPA that they have a proved equipment. However the EPA no longer requires a certification. Although you are still required to have such equipment, when servicing the systems with more than 15 pounds of refrigerant charge, you are no longer required to submit a written certification to the EPA.

Question 35

Disposal of refrigerant.

Answer 35

When you’re recovering refrigerant, you can’t reuse (refill) a disposable Refrigerants older. You can recycle the middle of the disposable cylinder when you are finished and if you are sure that all refrigerant has been recovered and the cylinder is rendered useless

Question 36

Refrigerant blends

Answer 36

Refrigerant blends that are composed of two different fragrance or cold binary blends. Refrigerant blends that are composed of three different refrigerant or called ternary blends.

Question 37

Temperature glide

Answer 37

Pure refrigerant have a single boiling point temperature at a given pressure. A blend can exhibit a “temperature glide “ which means the temperature varies as the refrigerant evaporates or condenses.

The temperature where the refrigerant starts to evaporate (called the bubble point temperature) is different (lower) from the temperature where the last bit of refrigerant evaporates (called the dewpoint). Similarly, the temperature where the first bit of refrigerant vapor starts to condense to a liquid (the dewpoint) is different (hire) from the point where the last bit of refrigerant condenses (bubble point).

Question 38

Azeotropic Blends

Answer 38

Azeotropic Blends Or refrigerant plans that behave like a single component refrigerant over its entire range, that is, they only have a single boiling point temperature at a given pressure. You can charge them as a liquid or vapor, and you can top them off (because any leak has an altered the composition of the blend).

Question 39

Non azeotropic blends

Answer 39

Non azeotropic blends also consist of multiple Refrigerants blended together. You can only charge them as a liquid, and when the system has a leak, you can’t top off the refrigerant because the non-azeotropic blends fractionate during a leak or during vapor charging

Question 40

Near-Azeotropic Blends

Answer 40

Near-Azeotropic Blends are Blends that have a very small temperature glide. Our 410 A is only .2°F, making R410 a a near-azeotropic blend.

You can treat our 410 a and other near is azeotropic refrigerants as an azeotropic Refrigerant, but most manufacturers recommend that you still charge them as a liquid. They can be topped off however, and this is a significant benefit.

Question 41

Open Drive compressors.

Answer 41

Never operate a Armada compressor when there is a vacuum in the system because the processer uses the flow of refrigerant to cool the motor that is enclosed in the hermetic housing. Operating in a vacuum means there is no appreciable refrigerant flow to cool the electric motor, which results in a rapid rise in the motor winding temperature and rapid compressor motor burned out.For this reason, recovery machines should not use hermetic Compressors.

Question 42

Gauges

Answer 42

High pressure gauge is used in the United States typically measure in pounds per square inch gauge, abbreviated as PSIG. A low pressure gauge typically has a door scale, referred as a compound gauge, which measures and psi G for pressures above ambient pressure and measures vacuum in inches of mercury.

Question 43

Manifold gauge sent color codes

Answer 43

On a typical manifold gauge set, the lower pressure gauge is a color-coded blue. The high-pressure gauge is red. Similarly, the hose that connects the low pressure gauge till low pressure side of the system is blue, and the Hose that connects to high pressure gauge to the high-pressure side is red. The center hose it is typically yellow.

Question 44

The three Rs

Answer 44

The three Rs - Recover, recycle, and were clean. They are obviously the three best choices.

Question 45

Recover

Answer 45

When you recover refrigerant, you remove refrigerant in any condition from a system and then store the refrigerant in a container (or in some cases, inside the recovery unit) without necessarily testing or processing the refrigerant in anyway.

Recovered refrigerant can be returned to the same system or other systems owned by the same person without restriction.

You can’t sell or give recovered refrigerant to another person because the used refrigerant might No longer meet the AHRI 700 standard version refrigerant

Question 46

Recycle

Answer 46

When you recycle refrigerant, you clean the refrigerant for immediate reuse by oil separation in single or multiple passes through devices like replaceable core filter dryer driers which reduce moisture and acidity.

Question 47

Reclaim

Answer 47

This process requires chemical analysis to verify the refrigerant meets to product purity standards.

Refrigerant can’t be called reclaimed unless it has been chemically analyzed and shown that refrigerant meets the AHRI 700 purity standards.

A chemical analysis is performed to determine the refrigerant is to be contaminated or mixed. If the refrigerant can’t be were claimed, it is destroyed, which a is costly option, Both to you in the Environment.

Question 48

Non-condensable gases

Answer 48

Noncondensible gases in the system racist system pressure, making it difficult to determine the refrigerant, unless you’re trying to select the refrigerant type from two very different choices such as R 134A or R410 a

Question 49

Evacuation requirements

Answer 49

The recovery Requirements for appliances are different depending on the classification of equipment. The size of the appliance and how the appliance is used affects the requirement level of evacuation. EPA regulations require that all systems containing more than 1 pound of refrigerant must be equipped with some form of servicing aperture.

Question 50

Ice on the sight glass

Answer 50

To remove ice from a site glass or viewing glass, the EPA recommends using an alcohol spray.

Question 51

Recovering Refrigerant

Answer 51

When the refrigerant is recovered as a vapor, the recovery takes longer, but you can make it recover quicker by ensuring the hose and valve ports are not restricted. Use the shortest hose possible and remove any restrictions in the hose such as valve core depressors.

Heating the system or cooling they were covering cylinder also speeds up recovery. When the pressure in the system has increased By heating the system, they were covering his faster. Therefore low ambient temperatures increase recovery times

Question 52

Recovery cylinders

Answer 52

You must ensure the cylinder isn’t filled to more than 80% of its capacity. If overfilled and the temperature of the cylinder rises to Levels common in storage areas during the summer, the refrigerant inside could expand to the point that the cylinder would vent from the pressure relief valve or even explode.

Question 53

Recovery cylinders continued

Answer 53

Many refillable cylinders have internal magnetic read flute valves that automatically shut the recovery unit off when the cylinder is 80% full.

Cylinders that exceed 4.5 inches in diameter or 12 inches in length must have some type of pressure relief device. When you find corrosion buildup within the body of any relief valve, you must replace the valve.

Question 54

Compressor Burn out

Answer 54

The burner is typically caused by improper flushing and residential acid, oil, moisture or other containments being left in the system.

Question 55

Oil residue

Answer 55

Sometimes the simplest way to find the source of a refrigerant leak is to trace Oil on the exterior surface of an operating system (or a system that has been operating recently).

Question 56

Leak tester’s

Answer 56

According to the EPA, the most effective way to detect the general area of a small leak is to use an electric or ultrasonic tester.

Question 57

Leak testing with nitrogen

Answer 57

Never used compressed air, which contains oxygen that can explode (when mix with compressor oil and some refrigerants) and contains a lot of moisture.

It is legal to add a small quantity of the system refrigerant into the system before you pressurized with nitrogen, and this leak check gasket doesn’t have to be recovered. Using nitrogen without any refrigerant added is of course better for the environment.

Question 58

Caution about liquid nitrogen

Answer 58

Never use liquid nitrogen to pressurize the system: use only dry, clean, compressed nitrogen. Always use a pressure regulator with a pressure relief valve down stream when connecting to a nitrogen cylinder.

Question 59

Dehydration evacuation

Answer 59

Dehydration of a system is only required if the system was opened up allowing air to enter the system. A deep vacuum at least 500 µm (typically using a triple evaluation method) is necessary to dehydrate a system.

A system is said to be dehydrated when the vacuum indicator shows you have reached and held the required final vacuum.

Question 60

Evacuation process

Answer 60

Connect to your vacuum gauge to close to the system to be evacuated (ideally directly on the a service port) and as far as possible from the vacuum pump. Never connect the gauge in line between the vacuum pump in the system. Always measure the vacuum with a vacuum pump shut off and isolated.

Question 61

General safety

Answer 61

Safety concerns usually associated with Refrigerants are displacement of oxygen in a room,toxicity , Flammability, frostbite and explosion.

You can safely use refrigerants If you consistently follow safety guidelines, use proper equipment, and know what to do if the refrigerant does escape.

Most refrigerant are heavier than air and death can occur without warning. And most refrigerant accidents where death occurs, the major cause is oxygen deprivation because of refrigerant displacement of The air.

Question 62

General safety

Answer 62

If there is a large release of any refrigerant in a contained area, you must either use a self-contained breathing apparatus or vacate in ventilate the spell area

Question 63

Refrigerant toxicity

Answer 63

Refrigerants with lower toxicity have PEL of more than 400 ppm and are classified as Type A.

Refrigerants with higher toxicity have PEL of less than 400 ppm and are classified as type B.

Question 64

Flammable Refrigerants classifications

Answer 64

To indicate from ability, a number from 1 to 3 is assigned.

Question 65

Hydrocarbon Refrigerants

Answer 65

These refrigerant‘s are highly flammable. Some common hydrocarbon Refrigerants R50(Methane), R 170(Ethan), R290(propane), R441a( 3% ethane,55% propane,42% isobutane),R600 (n-butane),R600 (isobutane), R601a (isopentane), R1150( ethylene propylene).

Question 66

Hydrocarbon Refrigerants continued

Answer 66

A2L meaning they are slightly flammable (L for low) and HFO Dash 1233ZD is classified as a one (non-flammable).

Question 67

When working with flammable Refrigerants

Answer 67

To avoid any static electrical spark, insured the refrigerant cylinder, recovery unit, and system are grounded before beginning any service of refrigerant recovery.

Question 68

Flammable Refrigerants continued

Answer 68

When the concentration of a flammable refrigerant is at any concentration above the lower flammability limit (LFL) and below the upper flammability limit (UFL) in the presence of an ignition source, and explosion or fire could occur. Ignition ignition could come from any source: a static electric spark.

Question 69

Safety data sheets

Answer 69

Solvents , chemicals, and refrigerants come with a safety data sheet (SDS), always review the SDS information before working with any Solvents , chemicals, or refrigerant.

Question 70

Using PPE

Answer 70

Where splash Proof safety glasses to guard against liquid refrigerant freezing the moisture of your eyes and causing permanent blindness. We are protective gloves and shoes to guard against frostbite.

Question 71

Approved cylinders

Answer 71

Approved refrigerant recovery cylinders are color-coded with a gray body and a yellow top to indicate that the cylinder is designed to hold recovered refrigerant.

Question 72

Shipping labels on cylinders

Answer 72

DOT regulations require the number of refrigerant cylinders of each for free to be recorded on the shipping papers.

Question 73

Cylinder loading

Answer 73

It is a legal requirement that when you load the cylinder Into the vehicle for shipping, you must place the refrigerant cylinders in an upright position and secure the cylinders so they can’t move during transport.