Core Study 7- Moray (C)

Question 1

How did previous research impact the study?

Answer 1

Cherry- humans are able to pay attention to (and shadow) one message whilst rejecting a simultaneous message if heard dichotically

Question 2

What does dichotic listening mean?

Answer 2

Repeat one message in one ear, while ignoring message in the other ear (messages often different)

Question 3

What does shadowing a message mean?

Answer 3

Repeating of one message as you hear it

Question 4

What is the rejected message?

Answer 4

The message that is played in the rejected ear (ear that isn’t purposefully being payed attention to)

Question 5

What was the aim of Moray’s study?

What wasa this aim in relation to?

Answer 5

To investigate the validity of Cherry’s findings into dichotic listening

-Amount of info recognised in rejected message
-Effect of hearing one’s name in rejected message
-Effect of instructions to identify a specific target in rejected message

Question 6

What type of experiment was used in the study?

Were any controls present?

Answer 6

Laboratory experiment:
Dichotic listening task (both messages) recorded
-in same male voice
-at rated of 130 or 150 words per min

Question 7

What designs were used for the 3 studies?

Answer 7

Study 1- Repeated measures
Study 2- Repeated measures
-Study 3- Independent measures

Question 8

What did the 3 samples consist of?

Answer 8

Study 1- not recorded
Study 2- 12 participants
Study 3- 2x14 participants

Question 9

What controls were present in the investigation?

Answer 9

• Volume the same for both messages
• All given headphones
• All given practice run for task (demand characteristics)

Question 10

Study 1

What 3 conditions of the IV were present?

Answer 10

-the shadowed message
-the rejected message
-the control

Question 11

Study 1

How was the DV measured?

Answer 11

-P was asked to recall all they could remember from unattended ear message
-GIven recognition test

Question 12

Study 1

What did the recognition test (DV) include?

Answer 12

-Words from both rejected and shadowed message, and control set of words that hadn’t been present in either message

Question 13

Study 1

How was study carried out to participants?

Answer 13

-Heard list of simple words repeated 35x in unattended ear, whilst shadowing prose message in attended ear

Question 14

Study 2

What was the IV in this experiment?

Answer 14

Whether the instructioins in message were affective (personalised) or non-affective

Question 15

Study 2

What was the DV in the second study?

Answer 15

The frequency which the instruction was heard

Question 16

Study 2

What happened in each of the 10 conditions in terms of instructions?

Answer 16

Instructions were given at the start, the end or both

Question 17

Study 2

How were instructions given different in 3 of the conditions?

Answer 17

The instructions began with the participants’ name (affective)

Question 18

Study 3

What was the first group told they’d be doing?

Answer 18

Group 1- told beforehand they’d be asked about context of shadowed message

Question 19

Study 3

What was the second group told they’d be doing?

Answer 19

Group 2- They should remember all the numbers they could

Question 20

Study 3

What did the participants hear in the separate messages?

Answer 20

-either 2 experimental messages
-or one experimental and one control message

Question 21

Study 3

What did these messages have interspread throughout that the other messages did not?

Answer 21

Digits- towards the end of a passage (similar messages had no digits)

Question 22

Study 1

What were the quantitative results?

Did amount of words have an impact?

Answer 22

Words from shadowed (4.9)
Rejected (1.9)

No

Question 23

Study 2

What was found about affective info?

Answer 23

You’re more likely to pay attention to it even in rejected ear

Question 24

Study 3

What was found about the number of digits remembered?

Is there any correlation?

-study inc digits

Answer 24

No correlation between number of digits recalled regardless of instructions given

Question 25

What did Moray conclude about attentional barriers?

Answer 25

Humans have an attention barrier present in their minds- we only pay attention to info we’re conscious of (aware that we’re looking at)