Cornell Notes 22 Flashcards
(18 cards)
Define Heredity
Heredity: The passing of traits from parents to offspring.
Define Genetics
Genetics: The study of heredity.
Who was Gregor Mendel?
a European monk who studied heredity and formed the basis of what we know about heredity today.
Did experiments involving pea plants (focusing on their heights and the color of their seeds).
Referred to as the father of modern genetics
Describe Mendel’s experiments on Pea Plants
Mendel wanted to cross pea plants to see what the traits in the offspring would be.
Short plants with tall plants
Plants with green seeds with those with yellow seeds.
What happened when Mendel crossed a tall plant with a short plant?
When a short plant was crossed with a tall plant, all of the offspring were tall.
What is the P generation?
parent plants
What is the F1 generation and what does it stand for?
The offspring are called the F1 generation (first filial generation
In Mendel’s experiments, what color seeds did F1 have?
When he crossed a plant with yellow seed with one with green seeds (P), all of the offspring (F1) had yellow seeds…
What is the F2 generation and what does it stand for?
F2 generation- second filial generation
In Mendel’s experiments, what color seeds did F2 have
He noticed that the “lost” forms of the trait (short or green seeds) made up about 25% of the F2 generation.
Got the same results every time he did this experiment.
Define Factors
Factors: The term Mendel used to describe the information that carried specific traits (Today we use the terms gene or allele).
What were the two main takeaways from Mendel’s experiments? (What were his conclusions?)
For every trait, organisms must inherit one factor from the female parent and one from the male parent.
One factor has the ability to mask, or hide the other factor
What type of allele is represented by a capital letter?
dominate
What type of allele is represented by a lowercase letter?
rececive
How would you write a genotype for a purebred organism?
TT or tt
How would you write a genotype for a hybrid organism?
Tt
What does it mean to be purebred/homozygous?
Organism has two of the same alleles for a trait (either two dominant OR two recessive alleles).
What does it mean to be hybrid/ heterozygous?
Organism has one dominant allele and one recessive allele.
