Coronary Artery Disease

Question 1

Non-modifiable risk factors for atherosclerosis

Answer 1

• Age
• Family history
• Male

Question 2

Modifiable risk factors for atherosclerosis

Answer 2

• hypertension
• dyslipidemia
• smoking
• diabetes
• physical inactivity

Question 3

Chest pain

Answer 3

angina

Question 4

Sweating

Answer 4

Diaphonesis

Question 5

Indigestion

Answer 5

Dyspepsia

Question 6

Pale appearance

Answer 6

Palor

Question 7

How to identify sings and examples

Answer 7

Are visible

pallor and diaphonesis

Question 8

How to identify symptoms and examples

Answer 8

what a patient reports

angina and dyspepsia

Question 9

Normal blood pressure

Answer 9

Systolic less than 120 mmHg - 129 mmHg

Diastolic less than 80mmHg

Question 10

BP for hypertension stage 1

Answer 10

Systolic 130- 139 mmHg

Diastolic 80-89 mmHg

Question 11

BP for hypertension stage 2

Answer 11

Systolic 140 mmHg or more

Diastolic 90mmHg or more

Question 12

BP for hypertension crisis

Answer 12

Systolic higher than 180 mmHg

Diastolic higher than 120 mmHg

Question 13

Treatments for atherosclerosis

Answer 13

• Angioplasty (PCTA)

- Coronary Artery Bypass Graft (CABG)

Question 14

PCTA

Answer 14

Percutaneous Transluminal Coronary Angioplasty

Question 15

PCTA description

Answer 15

inserting a mesh to push the plaque so blood can pass eassier

Question 16

CABG description

Answer 16

Connecting with a vein (taken from other part), from before the blockage and after the blockage so blood can pass through, is an open heart surgery

Question 17

P wave

Answer 17

Atrial depolarisation

3 small boxes

Question 18

PR interval

Answer 18

Conduction time through atria and AV junction for the beginning of ventricular depolarisation
(3-5 small boxes)

Question 19

QRS complex

Answer 19

Ventricular depolarisation

2-3 small boxes

Question 20

ST segment

Answer 20

Beginning of ventricular repolarisation

Question 21

T wave

Answer 21

Repolarisation of ventricles

( + ) deflection, usually horizontal

Question 22

QT interval

Answer 22

Total ventricular activation and recovery time

9-11 small boxes

Question 23

6 limb leads (frontal or coronal)

Answer 23

I, II, III, aVR, aVL, aVF

Question 24

6 pre-cordial/chest leads (horizontal or transverse)

Answer 24

V1 - V6

Question 25

Myocardial Ischaemia

Answer 25

• Restriction of blood flow In 1 or more coronary arteries
• Usually during exercise
• Reversible

Question 26

Myocardial infarction

Answer 26

• Coronary occlusion
• Accute thrombus
• Irriversible

Question 27

How to identify a myocardial infarction ECG

Answer 27

1. ST segment elevates and T wave peaks
2. ST segment and T wave se fusionan; then it returns to normal but T wave may invent
3. New Q wave appearst in hrs. or days = INFARCT

Question 28

3 main coronary arteries

Answer 28

1. Righ Coronary Artery (posterior and inferior wall)
2. Left Anterior Descending Artery (septum and anterior wall)
3. . Left circumflex Artery (lateral wall of left ventricle)

Question 29

Non-modifiable risk factors of hypertension

Answer 29

• family history

- old age

Question 30

Modifiable risk factors of hypertension

Answer 30

• lifestyle e.g. obesity

- latrogenic e.g. drug use

Question 31

Normal BP 7-11 yrs.

Answer 31

Systolic 100 mmHg

Diastolic 60mmHg

Question 32

Consequences of raised arterial pressure

Answer 32

• Left Ventricular Hypertrophy (aumento y endurecimiento del músculo)
• Atherosclerosis
• Arterial wall thickening
• Renal vesseI hsalinization (intimal thickening, acumulación de proteinas que engruesan el tejido)
• Direct vessel trauma