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Cardiovascular System > Coronary vessels, nerves and Pericardium > Flashcards

Coronary vessels, nerves and Pericardium Flashcards

(49 cards)

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0
Q

Describe the path of the right coronary artery and its branches

A
  • Long artery which extends down the right anterior and travels to the posterior to become the posterior interventricular artery
  • Gives off marginal artery on the anterior
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1
Q

Where do the right and left coronary arteries originate from?

A

-The right and left aortic sinuses

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2
Q

Describe the path of the left coronary artery and its branches

A

-The left coronary artery is short as it branches early dividing into the circumflex artery and the left anterior descending (anterior interventricular artery)

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3
Q

What nerve lays most lateral to the heart and is anterior to the pericardium?

A

-Phrenic nerves (left and right)

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4
Q

What nerve lies directly at either side of the trachea?

A

-Recurrent pharangeal nerves (left and right)

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5
Q

Recurrent pharangeal nerves branch off…

A

-the vagus nerve

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6
Q

What structure does the left recurrent pharangeal nerve loop around?

A

-The aorta

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7
Q

What structure does the right recurrent pharangeal nerve loop around?

A

-Right subclavian artery

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8
Q

Which nerve lies posterior to the heart and passes through the diaphragm to supply the gut?

A

-The left and right vagus nerves

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9
Q

What happens to the phrenic nerves?

A

-They merge with the diaphragm

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10
Q

What does the arch of the aorta branch into?

A
  • Brachiocephalic trunk
  • Left common carotid
  • Left subclavian
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11
Q

What does the brachiocephalic trunk branch into?

A
  • Right common carotid

- Right subclavian

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12
Q

What does the right coronary artery become on the posterior of the heart?

A

-Posterior interventricular artery

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13
Q

What two veins are on the anterior of the heart?

A
  • Anterior cardiac vein

- Great cardiac vein

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14
Q

What is the function of the pulmonary arteries?

A

-Carry deoxygenated blood from the RV to the lungs

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15
Q

What is the function of the pulmonary veins?

A

-Carry oxygenated blood from the lungs to the LA

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16
Q

What are the flaps called on the atria?

A

-Right and left auricles

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17
Q

What veins lie on the posterior of the heart?

A
  • Left marginal vein
  • Left posterior interventricular vein
  • Middle cardiac vein
  • Small cardiac vein
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18
Q

What do all the coronary veins drain into?

A

-Coronary sinus

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19
Q

Whee does the coronary sinus drain into?

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A

-Right atrium

20
Q

What drains into the right atrium?

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A
  • Superior vena cava
  • Inferior vena cava
  • Coronary sinus
  • Small tributary veins
21
Q

What is the first branch off the superior vena cava?

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A

-Left brachiocephalic vein

22
Q

What is he pericardium?

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A

-Fibrous sac which encloses the heart and the roots of the great vessels

23
Q

What are the main functions of the pericardium?

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A
  • Protection from infection
  • Prevent overfilling and excessive movement
  • Lubrication
24
What are the two layers of the pericardium?
- Fibous | - Serous
25
Which layer of the pericardium is the outermost layer?
-Fibrous
26
Describe the fibrous pericardial layer
- Tough and strong - Blends with sternum and diaphragm - Fuses with tunica adventitia of great vessels
27
What cell type makes up the serous layer of the pericardium?
-Mesothelium
28
How thick is the serous layer of the pericardium?
-1 cell thick
29
What are the two layers of the serous layer of the pericardium?
- Parietal | - Visceral
30
Where is the parietal layer of pericardium?
-Lining the fibrous layer
31
Are the parietal and visceral layers of the serous pericardium connected?
-Yes they are continuous, the serous membrane is reflected by the roots and viscera
32
Where is the visceral layer of pericardium?
-Closely applied to the heart
33
What is another name for the visceral layer of serous pericardium?
-Epicardium
34
What is the pericardial cavity?
-The space between the two layers of the serous pericardium
35
What is the purpose of the pericardial cavity?
-Filled with pericardial fluid to promote friction free movement
36
What is a pericardial effusion?
-Increase in fluid within the pericardial cavity
37
When can a pericardial effusion be less dangerous?
-When the build up of fluid has been gradual so the heart has been able to compensate
38
When is a pericardial effusion most dangerous?
-When the build up of fluid is sudden as it can lead to cardiac tamponade
39
What is cardiac tamponade?
- Build up of fluid or blood around the heart within the pericardial sac - Causes compression of heart which leads to inadequate filling and inadequate pumping
40
What are the potential outcomes of cardiac tamponade?
- Heart failure - Drop in blood pressure - Cardiac arrest
41
What are the classical diagnostic features of a cardiac tamponade?
Beck's triad - Dilated neck veins - Fall in blood pressure - Muffled heart sounds
42
Where does the right coronary artery serve?
-Right anterior surface
43
What does the posterior interventricular artery serve?
- Posterior ventricles - Septum - AVN
44
How can the left coronary artery be identified on a prosection?
-Passes between the pulmonary trunk and the left auricle
45
What do the left coronary artery and its branches serve?
- Left atrium - Left ventricle - Septum
46
What happens to the anterior interventricular artery?
-Continues to the apex of the heart where it travels to the posterior and anastomoses with the posterior interventricular artery
47
What is meant by left handed-dominance when talking about coronary arteries?
-The posterior interventricular artery arises from the circumflex artery of the left coronary artery
48
What is meant by co-dominance when discussing coronary arteries?
-Both the left and the right coronary arteries contribute to the posterior interventricular artery

Cardiovascular System (19 decks)

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