corrections

Question 1

what is a common reducing agent

Answer 1

LiAlH4

Question 2

What are aldehydes reduced to

Answer 2

primary alcohols

Question 3

In which technique will the test compound always be destroyed

Answer 3

mass spectroscopy because the compound breaks to give the different lines

Question 4

What is complexometric calculations used for

Answer 4

used for METAL IONS

Question 5

What is smfn to remember for calculating energy

Answer 5

get it to x10 ^-9

Question 6

things to remember for partition coefficient

Answer 6

thing you are trying to extract should be more soluble in solvent you added

also 2 liquids should be immiscible

Question 7

state how transition metals act as catalysts

Answer 7

unpaired d electrons

Question 8

how to know if precipitation reactions are complete

Answer 8

add more solvent to see if more precipitate is produced

Question 9

what should be done to a precipitate after being washed

Answer 9

dried and weighed to obtain constant mass

Question 10

how to tell which ligands will have greater ability to split d electrons

Answer 10

ones w higher energy

Question 11

What makes acids stronger than others

Answer 11

higher Ka
lower pKa

Question 12

What is the indicator and equivalence point for STRONG ACID and STRONG ALKALI

Answer 12

several
7

Question 13

What is the indicator and equivalence point for STRONG ACID and WEAK ALKALI

Answer 13

methyl orange
less than 7

Question 14

What is the indicator and equivalence point for WEAK ACID and STRONG ALKALI

Answer 14

phenolphthalein
more than 7

Question 15

What is the indicator and equivalence point for WEAK ACID and WEAK ALKALI

Answer 15

none

Question 16

Can strong acids make buffers

Answer 16

no

Question 17

steps to draw a calibration graph

Answer 17

standard solutions prepared
use suitable filter
calibrate w blank
measure absorbance

Question 18

Why do hydrogen atoms in geometric isomers have 2 different environments when attached to the same carbon

Answer 18

lack of free rotation

Question 19

What type of electromagnetic radiation is used in NMR spectroscopy

Answer 19

radio

Question 20

Describe in terms of overlapping orbitals what each of the two lines in a double bon represent

Answer 20

one is end overlap/sigma bond

one is side on overlap/ pi bond

Question 21

Describe how to carry out gravimetric analysis

Answer 21

heat
cool in desicator
weigh
repeat until constant mass achieved

Question 22

What does a large conjugated system suggest

Answer 22

decreased gap between HOMO and LUMO

less energy

large wavelength

Question 24

What is SN1 used for

Answer 24

Tertiary carbons

Question 25

What is SN2 used for

Answer 25

Primary and Secondary

Question 26

What is more stable Sn1 or Sn2

Answer 26

Sn2

Question 27

How to make alkoxide

Answer 27

Alcohol and alkali metal

Question 28

Reasons for many lines on emission spectrum

Answer 28

many different electron transitions possible

Question 29

If delta H is positive is a reaction exothermic or endothermic

Answer 29

ENDOTHERMIC

Question 30

Discuss reasons for Bond angles

Answer 30

double bonds and pi electrons have stronger repulsion

Question 31

What is a monodentate ligand

Answer 31

forms 1 bond w complex ion

Question 32

What is a dative bond

Answer 32

bond where both e comes from same atom

Question 33

What is responsible for colour in organic molecules

Answer 33

conjugated systems

Question 34

What makes a solvent suitable

Answer 34

similar IMF inert

Question 35

How to name ethers

Answer 35

oxy - branch - long chain

Question 36

What is ppm

Answer 36

mg per kg

Question 37

Define weighing accurately approximately

Answer 37

weigh as close as possible but note down the actual mass

Question 38

What does gravimetric analysis require

Answer 38

large mass

Question 39

Why are colorimetry samples diluted

Answer 39

results outwith calibration range / line

Question 40

How to orbitals of chromium and copper fill up

Answer 40

3p6 4s1 3d...

Question 41

How is the Order of a REaction determined

Answer 41

can only be obtained by experiment

Question 42

What are homogeneous catalysts

Answer 42

same state to reactants

Question 43

What are heterogeneous catalysts

Answer 43

different state to reactants

Question 44

difference with bonding and antibonding orbitals

Answer 44

antibonding has higher energy

Question 45

what does free radical substitution require?

Answer 45

UV light

Question 46

What do ligands do to D orbitals

Answer 46

split into 2 levels

Question 47

What happens when you oxidise primary alcohol

Answer 47

aldehyde > carboxylic acid

Question 48

Is benzene planar?

Answer 48

yes

Question 49

What stabilised benzene

Answer 49

deocalised e

Question 50

What do short conjugated systems suggest

Answer 50

large HOMO LUMO gap greater energy absorbed shorter wavelength

Question 51

Explain how ligands bond to metal ions to form complexes

Answer 51

form dative bonds

Question 52

What is gravimetric analysis for

Answer 52

measures mass accurately to calculate moles

Question 53

What is meant by order of reaction

Answer 53

number of moles of reactant involved in RDS

Question 54

How to determine compound structure shape

Answer 54

valency + number of atoms attached /2

Question 55

are non polar covalent bonds symmetrical or asymmetrical

Answer 55

symmetrical

Question 56

are polar covalent bonds symmetrical or asymmetrical

Answer 56

asymmetrical

Question 57

what are dehydration reactions catalysed by?

Answer 57

sulfuric acid aluminium oxide

Question 58

What does dehydrohalogenation require

Answer 58

ehtanolic NaOH

Question 59

What happens when you react carboxylic acids and amines

Answer 59

make amides

Question 60

What happens when you hydrolyse amides

Answer 60

carboxylic acid and amine produced

Question 61

What type of carbocation is most stable

Answer 61

Tertiary

Question 62

What type of carbocation is least stable

Answer 62

Primary

Question 63

state a reason why different bonds absorb different wavenumbers of infrared radiation

Answer 63

different atom types different bond strengths

Question 64

State what causes the d orbital splitting in octahedral complexes

Answer 64

repulsion from electrons

Question 65

name a common complexometric reagent

Answer 65

EDTA

Question 66

How does distillation work

Answer 66

separates substances with diff. boiling points with lower bp being evaporated and vapour is collected