Cortical Lesions Flashcards
1
Q
Layers of cortex vs hipoocampus
A
6 vs 3
2
Q
Diffuse cortical dysfunction
A
denerative (ie Alzheimers), metabolic (hypoxia)
3
Q
Focal lesions
A
vascular (stroke), traumatic (contusion), neoplastic (tumor)
4
Q
TBI
A
- leading cause of disability in adults
- mostly closed (blunt ) head injury, occasionally penetrating
- Cortex damage via direct injury =contusion
- Bleeding can also occur: intraparenchymal hemorrhage, subdural, epidural hemotomas
- Widespread white matter damage: diffuse axonal injury can occur
5
Q
Frontal lobe functions
A
- voluntary movement
- language production (left)
- motor prosody (right)
- comportment
- executive function
- motivation
6
Q
Temporal lobe functions
A
- audition
- language comprehension (left)
- sensory prosody (right)
- memory
- emotion
7
Q
Parietal lobe functions
A
- tactile sensation
- visuospatial function (right)
- attention (right)
- reading (left)
- writing (left)
- calculation (left)
8
Q
Occipital lobe functions
A
- vision
- visual perception
- visual recognition
9
Q
Frontal Lobe lesions
A
- deficits in motor func (UMN), language, prosody (emotional content of language/inflection–right hem inferior frontal gyrus), neuropsychiatric disorders
- ->worse if bilateral
10
Q
Frontal Lobe syndromes
A
- disinhibition (orbitofrontal cortices)
- executive dysfunction (dorsolateral prefrontal cortices)
- Apathy (medial frontal cortices)
11
Q
Disinhibition
A
- frontal lobe damage
- impaired comportment (appropriate social behavior)
- irritability, loss of empathy, impulsivity (pathological gambling, excessive spending), hypersexuality, hyperphagia, violence
12
Q
Executive Dysfunction
A
- frontal lobe damage
- perseveration (impaired capacity to shift responses appropriately; test w/ alternating sequences test)
13
Q
Apathy
A
- at cortical level, motivation subserved by medial frontal cortices, including anterior cingulate gyrus
- apathy, abulia, and most severe akinetic mutism
14
Q
Temporal lobe lesion
A
- Minor effects on audition, but major effects on language, prosody, memory, and emotion
- effects on emotion result from irritative lesions of the cortex that cause epilepsy
- Wernicke’s aphasia: fluent, paraphasic speech w/ impaired auditory comprehension, repetition, and naming
- Sensory aprosody: inability to comprehend prosody of others
- emotion: limbic system (Papez circuit), subserves basic emotions (fight-flight, appetite, sexual reproduction)
15
Q
Temporal lobe epilepsy
A
- related to focal cortical lesion in temp lobe that produce complex partial seizures
- TLE produces lasting changes in behavior bc of ongoing electrical activity that rewires temporolimbic circuitry
- Deepened emotionality, hyperreligiosity, philosophical interest, hypergraphia
