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Cortical Organisation Flashcards

(50 cards)

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1
Q

Function of Occipital lobe

A

Processes visual information

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2
Q

Function of Temporal Lobe

A

Emotions
Auditory function
Memories

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3
Q

Function of Limbic Lobe

A 
Reward
Emotion
Learning
Memory
Motivation
(RELMM)
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4
Q

What forms the Limbic Lobe (4 parts)?

A

Hippocampus
Cingulate gyrus
Amygdala
Mamillary body

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5
Q

Function of Frontal Lobe

A 
Cognitive function
Attention
Language
Memory
Motor function
(CALMM)
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6
Q

Function of Parietal Lobe

A 
Sensation - touch and pain
Sensory aspect of language
Spatial orientation
Self-perception
(SSSS)
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7
Q

Function of Insular Cortex

A 
Visceral sensation
Auditory processing
Interoception
Autonomic control
Visual-vestibular integration
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8
Q

Where is the insular cortex?

A

Deep to the lateral fissure

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9
Q

Function of White Matter Tracts

A

Connect cortical areas

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10
Q

What are the 3 types of white matter tracts?

A

Association fibres
Commissural fibres
Projection fibres

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11
Q

Function of Association fibres

A

Connect areas within the same hemisphere

intrahemispheric

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12
Q

Function of Commissural fibres

A

Connect homologous structures in the left and right hemispheres
(interhemispheric)

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13
Q

Function of Projection fibres

A

Connect cortex with lower brain structures
(e.g. thalamus, brain stem and spinal cord)
afferent - towards cortex
efferent - away from cortex

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14
Q

Types of Association fibres

A

Short fibres

Long fibres

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15
Q

What is the Superior Longitudinal Fasciculus?

A

Long Association fibres

Connects frontal and occipital lobes

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16
Q

What is the Arcuate Fasciculus?

A

Long Association fibres

Connects frontal and temporal lobes

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17
Q

What is the Inferior Longitudinal Fasciculus?

A

Long Association fibres

Connects temporal and occipital lobes

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18
Q

What is the Uncinate Fasciculus?

A

Long Association fibres

Connects the anterior frontal and temporal lobes

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19
Q

Examples of Commissural fibres

A

Corpus Callosum

Anterior Commissure

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20
Q

What is the name given to projection fibres that radiate deeper to the cortex?

A

Corona Radiata

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21
Q

Characteristics of the primary cortices

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A

Predictable function
Symmetry between left and right
Organised topographically

22
Q

Characteristics of the secondary cortices

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A

Function is less predictable
Not organised topographically
Weak/absent symmetry

23
Q

Function of the Primary Motor Cortex

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A

Controls fine, discrete, precise voluntary movements

Provides descending signals to execute movements

24
Q

Function of the Supplementary Area

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A

Involved in planning complex movements

e.g. internally cued

25
Function of the Premotor Area
Involved in planning complex movements | e.g externally cued
26
Function of Primary Somatosensory Cortex
Processes somatic sensations arising from receptors in the body (e.g. fine touch, vibration, two-point discrimination, proprioception, pain, temperature)
27
Function of Somatosensory Association Cortex
Interpret significance of sensory information Awareness of self and awareness of personal space (e.g. recognising an object placed in the hand)
28
Where are the Premotor area, Supplementary area, Primary Motor Cortex located?
Frontal Lobe
29
Where is the Primary Somatosensory area and Somatosensory association cortex located?
Parietal Lobe
30
Where are the Primary Visual Cortex and Visual Association Cortex located?
Occipital Lobe
31
Function of the Primary Visual Cortex
Processes visual stimulation
32
Function of the Visual Association cortex
Gives meaning and interpretation of auditory input
33
Where are the Primary Auditory Cortex and the Auditory Association located?
Temporal Lobe
34
Function of Broca's area
Production of language
35
Function of Wernickes area
Understanding of language
36
Function of Prefrontal cortex
``` Decision making Attention Planning Adjusting social behaviour Personality expression (DAPAP) ```
37
What happens as a result of a frontal lobe lesion?
Changes in personality Inappropriate behaviour (Phineas Gage)
38
What happens as a result of a parietal lobe lesion?
Contralateral neglect Lack of awareness of self on contralateral side Lack of awareness of extrapersonal space on contralateral side
39
What happens as a result of a temporal lobe lesion?
Agnosia - inability to recognise | Patient HM
40
What happens as a result of a lesion to Broca's area?
Expressive aphasia - poor production of speech, but comprehension is intact
41
What happens as a result of a lesion to Wernicke's area?
Receptive aphasia - poor comprehension of speech, production is fine
42
What happens as a result of a primary visual cortex lesion?
Blindness in the corresponding part of the visual field
43
What happens as a result of a lesion to the visual association area?
Deficits in interpretation of visual information | Prosopagnosia - face blindness
44
What does electroencephalography measure?
electrical signals produced by the brain
45
What does magnetoencephalography measure?
magnetic signals produced by the brain
46
What doe PET stand for?
Positron emission tomography
47
What does PET measure?
blood flow directly to a brain region
48
What does functional magnetic resonance imaging measure?
Amount of blood oxygen in a brain region
49
What is transcranial direct current stimulation?
Uses low direct current over the scalp to increase or decrease neuronal firing rates
50
What is transcranial magnetic stimulation?
Uses electromagnetic induction to stimulate neurons and assess the functional integrity of neural circuits

BRS (3 decks)

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