Corticosteroids

Question 1

What do glucocorticoids do?

Answer 1

Stress hormones
Increase circulating glucose
Anti-inflammatory effects

Question 2

What do mineral corticoids do?

Answer 2

Na+ retension
Increase blood volume
Increase blood pressure

Question 3

Aldosterone is an example of a _______ while cortisol is an example of a___________

Answer 3

Mineralcorticoid

Glucocorticoid

Question 4

________ stimulates the production of aldosterone from in the adrenal glands

Answer 4

Angiotensin II

Question 5

Steroid hormones are synthesized from________ via_______

Answer 5

Cholesterol

CYP11AI

Question 6

Corticoid-binding globulin (transcortin) binds_______

Answer 6

Glucocorticoids and Progesterone

Question 7

Sex hormone binding globulin(SHBG) binds_______

Answer 7

Testosterone and estradiol

Question 8

_______Is excreted on bile.

Answer 8

Estrogen

Question 9

Progesterone, androgen and glucocorticoids are excreted via______

Answer 9

Urine

Question 10

Glucocorticoids bind__________

Answer 10

Glucocorticoid Responsive Elements (GRE) and regulate transcription of genes.

Question 11

____________Catalyzes the rate-limiting step in gluconeogenesis

Answer 11

Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK)

Question 12

Lipocortin suppresses ________

Answer 12

Phospholipase A2

Question 13

How do glucocorticoids perform immunosuppression?

Answer 13

They bind thier receptors which together bing NFkB preventing NFkB from transcribing inflammatory aagents.

Question 14

What is addison’s disease?

Answer 14

Hypoadrenalism caused by decreased secretion of hormones by the adrenal cortex

Question 15

What can cause Addison’s disease?

Answer 15

Destruction of adrenal cortex by TB

Decreased secretion of ACTH by the anterior pituitary.

Question 16

What are the symptoms of Addison’s disease?

Answer 16

Extreme weakness.
Low blood pressure
Hyperpigmentation
Mental depression

Question 17

What is cushing’s disease?

Answer 17

Hyperadrenalism (Increased ACTH production by the adrenal cortex)

Question 18

What are the symptoms of Cushing’s disease?

Answer 18

Increased protein catabolism
Osteoporosis
Opportunistic infections
Longterm use of systemic glucocorticoids can lead to Cushing’s symptoms

Question 19

Ketokonazole is an antigungal that inhibits P450scc, __________ and __________

Answer 19

17a-hydroxylase

11B-hydroxylase

Question 20

Ketokonazole can be used to treat_________

Answer 20

Hyperglucocorticoid state (Cushing’s syndrome)

Question 21

Cortisol (hydrocotisone) is _______ while cortisone is_____

Answer 21

Active

Inactive

Question 22

Name two short acting Corticosteroids (8-12hrs)

Answer 22

Hydrocortisone

Cortisone

Question 23

Name 4 intermediate acting systemic corticosteroids (12-36hrs)

Answer 23

Prednisone
Prednisolone
Methylprednisolone
Triamcinolone

Question 24

Name two long acting systemic corticosteroids

Answer 24

Dexamethasone

Betamethasone

Question 25

Which corticosteroid has the most mineralocorticoid activity?

Answer 25

Fludrocortisone (Leads to Na+ retention and edema) | has a 9a-F

Question 26

21 ester acetates on glucocorticoid________lipophilicity

Answer 26

Increase

Question 27

Succinate replacement at the 21 position causes _______

Answer 27

Slow hydrolysis

Question 28

Phosphate substitution at the 21 position of glucocorticoids causes___________

Answer 28

Increased solubility and rapid hydrolysis

Question 29

Name tro topical glucocorticoids

Answer 29

``` Triamcinolone acetonide (High potency) Betamethasone Valerate (medium potency) ```

Question 30

Substitution of the 21-hydroxyl group for a Chlorine greatly enhances topical____________

Answer 30

Anti-inflammatory activity.

Question 31

Name 3 anti-inflammatory topical corticosteroids

Answer 31

``` Clobetasol propionate (very high potency) Halobetasol proprionate (Very high potency) Halcinonide (High potency) ```

Question 32

Name two topical corticostetroids

Answer 32

Fluticasone propionate | Mometasone furoate

Question 33

Fluticasone propionate and mometasone furoate have ad _________lipophilicity and _________binding affinity but________solubility

Answer 33

High Highest Poor

Question 34

Name 6 inhaled glucocorticoids

Answer 34

``` Triamcinolone acetonide Beclomethasone dipropionate Flunisolide Budesonide Mometasone Furoate Fluticasone Propionate ```

Question 35

Name a few adverse effects of corticoids

Answer 35

``` Sodium and H2O retention Hypertension Steroid myopathy Reduced long bone growth Osteoporosis Cushing's-like effects Hyperglycemia Immuosupression Peptic ulcer CNS (depression, euphoria, depression) Cataracts Addisonian Crisis (negative feed back on hypthalamus) ```