Corticostriatal Circuit - Disorder

Question 1

VS hypoactivity is associated with __ motivation for rewards, goal-directed behavior, and reward learning

Answer 1

decreased

Question 2

VS hyperactivity is associated with __ motivation for stimuli not commonly associated with reward, and maladaptive goal-directed behaviors

Answer 2

increased

Question 3

major depressive depression is VC (hypo/hyper?)activity

Answer 3

hypoactivity

Question 4

loss of interest or pleasure in nearly all activities

Answer 4

anhedonia

Question 5

advantage of monetary incentive delay tasks is to isolate circuit responses to __ and __

Answer 5

anticipation and outcome

Question 6

VS activity __ during reward anticipation in individuals with MDD

Answer 6

decreases

Question 7

patients w/MDD and VS hypoactivity had __ VS levels after 6 weeks of SSRI treatment

Answer 7

normal

Question 8

patients w/MDD’s pretreatment VS hypoactivity was associated with __ anhedonic symptoms

Answer 8

greater

Question 9

in the MID(monetary incentive delay) task, people with MDD had __ VS activity compared to those of healthy participants

Answer 9

lower

Question 10

studies found __ difference in VS hypoactivity during the anticipation stage of healthy vs MDD patients

Answer 10

no

Question 11

relative to healthy participants, individuals with MDD demonstrate significantly __ VS activity difference to positive stimuli

Answer 11

less

Question 12

relative to healthy participants, individuals with MDD demonstrate __ VS activity for neutral and negative stimuli

Answer 12

similar

Question 13

magnitude of VS activity to positive words is __ correlated with anhedonic symptoms

Answer 13

negatively

Question 14

deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the VS results in __ activity of this circuit hub, including amygdala and PFC regions

Answer 14

increased

Question 15

DBS targeting VS results in an almost instantaneous __ in depressive symptoms, including anhedonia

Answer 15

improvement

Question 16

complex pattern of dysfunctional responses following exposure to a discrete, identifiable traumatic event or experience involving threat of death or serious bodily harm

Answer 16

PTSD

Question 17

In the Israeli soldier study, __ VS activity and __ amygdala activity postdeployment characterized the soldiers at highest risk for developing PTSD-like symptoms

Answer 17

low, high

Question 18

__ VS and __ amygdala activity reflects an inability to maintain positive affect during stressful times

Answer 18

low, high

Question 19

characterized by persistent inattention, impulsivity, and/or hyperactivity that exceed what is typical in children of the same age

Answer 19

ADHD

Question 20

symptoms of __ include inattention, impulsivity, and hyperactivity

Answer 20

ADHD

Question 21

ADHD is __ often seen in boys than in girls

Answer 21

more

Question 22

symptoms of __ in ADHD include being easily distracted, daydreaming, trouble following instructions, forgetting things, and switching from one activity to another

Answer 22

inattention

Question 23

symptoms of __ in ADHD include motor behaviors like fidgeting, dashing around house, moving nonstop

Answer 23

hyperactivity

Question 24

symptoms of __ in ADHD in ADHD include being impatient when required to wait, interrupting the activities of others, expressing rude comments, acting without regard for consequences

Answer 24

impulsivity

Question 25

children with ADHD lack the ability to

Answer 25

delay gratification

Question 26

ADHD is VS hypoactivity during the __ of monetary reward

Answer 26

anticipation

Question 27

in ADHD individuals, __ in VS activity has been observed during reward outcome

Answer 27

no difference

Question 28

in ADHD individuals, during anticipation of reward, VS activity is __ correlated with the symptoms of hyperactivity and impulsivity

Answer 28

negatively

Question 29

individuals with ADHD exhibited __ VS activity during anticipation of immediate or delayed rewards

Answer 29

decreased

Question 30

individuals with ADHD exhibited hyperactivity in __ during anticipation of delayed reward

Answer 30

dorsal striatum

Question 31

in ADHD people. the magnitude of dorsal striatum activity during anticipation of delayed but not immediate rewards was __ correlated with symptoms of hyperactivity and impulsivity

Answer 31

positively

Question 32

symptoms of hyperactivity and impulsivity in ADHD may reflect a failure to __ the VS gate in anticipation of rewarding stimuli

Answer 32

activate

Question 33

__ provides an interface through which VS can activate goal-directed behaviors through cortical motor systems

Answer 33

DS

Question 34

molecular basis of ADHD is __ __ __ during reward learning

Answer 34

abnormal DA signaling

Question 35

VS hyperactivity __ impulsivity

Answer 35

predicts

Question 36

vs (hypo/hyper?)activity is observed in response to stimuli not generally found to be rewarding or pleasant

Answer 36

hyperactivity

Question 37

characterized by disregard for the needs, safety, and well-being of others as well as an inability to follow moral, societal, or legal rules

Answer 37

antisocial personality disorder

Question 38

individuals with ASPD are generally hyper __ to threat and exhibit reactive aggression, which is associated with amygdala hyperactivity

Answer 38

sensitive

Question 39

psychopathy is associated with __ and __ traits, also seen in amygdala hypoactivity

Answer 39

callous and unemotional

Question 40

__ and __ studies were used to implicate corticostriatal circuit dysfunction in the emergence of impulsive antisocial traits

Answer 40

fMRI and PET

Question 41

DA release in __ measured with __ predicted increased __ activity to monetary reward measured with __

Answer 41

VS, PET, VS, fMRI

Question 42

the magnitude of __ release and the activity of __ predicted antisocial traits, specifically those committing impulsive and delinquent acts such as assault and larceny

Answer 42

DA, VS

Question 43

Antisocial personality disorder is associated with VS __

Answer 43

hyperactivity

Question 44

VS activity to monetary reward __ as the severity of antisocial traits in a small sample of incarcerated men

Answer 44

increases