Cosmetology State Board Review Exam Flashcards
(858 cards)
1
Q
When should a cap highlight technique be utilized?
A
For a controlled, uniform highlighting effect
2
Q
How should a straight razor be maintained for optimal use?
A
It should be properly cleaned and sharpened regularly
3
Q
How can heat styling tools damage hair?
A
By causing moisture loss and weakening the hair structure
4
Q
Which of the following describes a major risk of heat styling tools?
A
Moisture loss
4
Q
What is a contraindication for using hair coloring products?
A
Previous allergic reaction to hair dye
5
Q
What is the function of a shampoo cap?
A
To protect the client’s clothing during the shampoo process
6
Q
Which factor is NOT typically examined when assessing a client’s hair characteristics?
A
Length
7
Q
What is the term for the natural color of the hair due to eumelanin and pheomelanin?
A
Hair Pigment
8
Q
What is the primary reason for using exfoliating products?
A
To remove dead skin cells and improve skin texture
9
Q
What is the main purpose of an antiseptic in cosmetology?
A
To clean the skin and reduce germs before a service
10
Q
Whihc of the following is NOT a type of facial treatmnet?
A
Thermal Facial
11
Q
What is the difference between a basic perm and a digital perm?
A
A digital perm uses heat and technology for curl formation
12
Q
What type of hair color is desgned to last the longest
A
Permanent color
13
Q
What technique can be used to create a natural hairline?
A
Snipping or point cutting
13
Q
How can a stylist determine hair density?
A
By assessing the number of strands on the scalp
14
Q
Why is it important to asses porosity hair?
A
To gauge how ell the hair absorbs and retains moisture
15
Q
Why is standard of practice in cosmetology important?
A
It to maintain sanitation and hygiene standards
16
Q
Which chemical is commonly used in hair relaxing treatments?
A
Sodium Hydroxide
17
Q
Which part of the hair is primarily affected by chemical services?
A
The cortex
18
Q
What is a sfety precaution when using a razor for cutting hair?
A
Ensure the razor is sharp to avoid pulling or tugging
19
Q
What is the primary ingredient in hair relaxers?
A
Sodium Hydroxide
20
Q
Which product is typically used for setting hairstyles?
A
Hair mousse or setting spray
21
Q
When performing a full set of nails, what is the first step?
A
Prepare the natural nails fro cleaning and buffing
22
Q
Why is it important to comply with state regulations in a salon?
A
To ensure the safety and health of clients and prevent legal issues
23
Which tool is primarily used to shape and lift eyebrows?
Tweezers
24
During a manicure, how can you ensure the client's comfort?
By maintaining a clear and constant communication
25
How many hours of training are required to obtain a cosmetology license in Virginia?
1,500 hours
26
When performing a manicure, what is the purpose of soaking the client's hands?
To soften the cuticles and dead skin
27
What is the recommended temperature for sterilization of tools?
250 degrees Fahrenheit for a specific set duration
28
How often must a cosmetology license be renewed in Virginia?
Every two years
29
Which technique is commonly employed to add volume at the roots of hair?
Bouffant or teasing
30
What is the function of a cutting comb?
To aid in sectioning and cutting hair
31
What is the purpose of a barrier cream?
To protect skin against chemicals
32
Which of the following is an indicator of healthy hair?
Shiny and smooth appearance
33
How would a stylist describe hair that is highly porous?
It often feels dry and brittle
34
Which type of lighting is considered most flattering for makeup application?
Natural daylight or soft, white lighting
35
Define "porosity" in hair
The hair's ability to absorb moisture
36
What should you do if a client experiences an allergic reaction during a service?
Stop the service immediately and apply appropriate first aid
37
What is a contraindication for using hair coloring products?
Previous allergic reaction to hair dye
37
What does the term "barbering" refer to in the Virginia cosmetology context?
Service including hair cutting, shaving, and facial hair grooming
38
What is a common method to remove nail polish from natural nails?
Acetone-based remover
38
What is the primary purpose of a cosmetology license?
To ensure the safety and health of consumers by regulating beauty services
39
Which tool is essential fro performing a French manicure?
A thin brush for the white tip
40
What is the minimum age requirements to apply fro a cosmetology license in Virginia?
18 years old
41
where should disinfected tools be stored to maintain cleanliness?
In a clean, dry, covered container
42
What is a common treatment for split ends?
Trimming and using restorative hair products
43
Which ingredient is commonly found in exfoliating scrubs for hands?
Sugar or salt
44
What should a cosmetologist do if a client is unhappy with their service?
Listen, empathize, and offer a solution or adjustment
45
What should be applied to nails after a buffing service?
A nourishing cuticle oil or hand cream to hydrate and protect
46
What should be done before performing a chemical service on a client?
Conduct a patch test (predisposition)
46
Which factor is most important when assessing scalp conditions?
Signs of irritation or lesions
47
Why is understanding face shapes important on cosmetology?
To create flattering hairstyles and makeup applications
48
What type of lighting is essential in a cosmetic treatment room?
Adjustable lighting, including natural light, for example the light from the ceilings
49
When assessing hair density, what should a stylist look for?
The number of hair strands per square inch
50
During a blowout, what is the recommended position of the blow dryer?
Pointing toward the hair shaft
51
What is a key characteristic of layered haircuts?
Increased volume and movement
52
What skin condition is commonly recognized by cosmetologists?
Acne
53
Why is client record keeping important in a salon?
To document services and allergies for future reference
54
What tool is often used to perform a weaving technique in highlighting?
Foils
55
What is an essential skill a cosmetologist should possess?
Strong interpersonal communication skills
55
How can a stylist determine a client’s hair type?
By examining the texture, porosity, and density of the hair
56
What are the four classifications of hair density?
Fine, medium, coarse, and thick
57
What tool is essential for precision cutting in hairstyling?
Shears
58
What does hair density specifically refer to?
The amount of hair present on the scalp
59
Which product is typically used prior to hair dye application to protect the client’s skin?
Barrier cream
60
How do you determine the best angle for haircutting?
Based on the client's face shape and desired style
60
What is the primary purpose of using a hair serum?
To smooth, shine, and protect hair from damage
61
What is the main cause of hyperpigmentation on the skin?
Excess melanin production
61
What is the primary use of a cosmetic toner?
To restore skin pH and remove residual makeup
62
What is the ideal temperature range for a hot perm solution?
90°F to 110°F
62
Which area of practice is generally not covered under a cosmetology license?
Massage therapy
63
What type of product is typically used to protect the hair before heat styling?
Heat protectant spray
64
What should be done after a client’s service is complete?
Provide product recommendations and aftercare advice
65
Which tool is used for chemical hair straightening?
Flat Iron
66
Which condition might prohibit a stylist from performing a service?
Active scalp infections
67
What is the primary benefit of using protective gloves during services?
To protect against infections
68
What type of service does a nail technician provide?
Nail care services including manicures and pedicures
69
What should cosmetologists check before applying a new chemical product?
Skin sensitivity
70
What are the steps for the sanitation of metal tools?
Cleaning, disinfecting, and sterilizing
71
What should a cosmetologist do immediately after a chemical treatment?
Rinse the product thoroughly from the hair
72
What safety precautions should be followed when using sharp tools in cosmetology?
Always cut away from the body and keep tools clean and disinfected
73
What technique is frequently used to create elaborate designs on nails?
Nail stamping
74
What is the significance of a consultation with a client?
To understand client needs and preferences
75
What type of haircut creates volume and movement?
Layered haircut
76
What are the signs of a scalp condition that should not be treated in the salon?
Redness, swelling, or open lesions
77
What factors should be considered when selecting a hair color for a client?
Skin tone and hair condition
78
In Virginia, what are the continuing education requirements for license renewal?
3 hours every two years
79
Describe the process of a Brazilian blowout.
A keratin treatment that smooths and straightens hair
80
What is the primary benefit of using deep conditioning treatments?
To improve hair moisture levels
81
What is the purpose of using a cuticle pusher during a manicure?
To push back the cuticles and remove excess skin
82
What should you do if a client has a nail infection?
Suggest they seek medical advice
83
Name a common antiseptic used in salons.
Isopropyl alcohol
83
What is the correct procedure for wearing salon capes?
The cape should protect the client's clothing without dragging on the ground
84
Which disorders can affect a client’s scalp?
Psoriasis, dermatitis, and dandruff
85
What does a patch test assess before a chemical service?
Skin sensitivity to the product, and if they are allergic to the product
86
What should be done first in a haircutting service?
Consultation with the client
86
Name an essential step when applying a relaxer.
Monitoring hair for breakage during processing
87
What sanitation practice is required for tools used in cosmetology services?
Tools must be disinfected after each use
88
What technique should be used to apply hair dye?
Sections should be parted to ensure even application
89
Identify a safety precaution when using a razor for cutting hair.
Ensure the razor is sharp to avoid pulling or tugging
90
Which of the following is a key benefit of using a base coat before applying nail polish?
Preventing nail polish from chipping
91
What is one method for incorporating highlights into hair?
Using a weaving technique with foils
92
Why is it important to use the correct comb for cutting hair?
It provides varying tension and control in cutting
93
What is an appropriate way to maintain a clean working environment?
Regularly disinfecting surfaces and tools
94
Which type of hair color is designed to last the longest?
Permanents color
95
Which nail shape is considered best for extending the appearance of fingers?
Almond
96
What is a common indication of high porosity in hair?
Rapid moisture absorption and loss
97
What is the primary purpose of state licensing boards in cosmetology?
To ensure public safety and maintain professional standards
98
What is the primary purpose of a scalp massage during shampooing?
To stimulate blood circulation and promote relaxation
99
What role do essential oils play in cosmetology?
They provide therapeutic benefits and enhance sensory experience
100
When giving a manicure, which product is used to soften the cuticles?
Cuticle oil or cuticle remover
101
What is the definition of a "consultation" in cosmetology?
An interactive discussion to assess a client’s needs and expectations
102
What is the purpose of using foils in hair highlighting?
To protect the surrounding hair from color
103
What should be done before using a new chemical product in a service?
Conduct a patch test on a small area of skin
104
What is the importance of using a consultation card?
To record clients' preferences and services for future reference
105
What state board examination must Virginia cosmetology students pass?
Virginia State Board of Cosmetology Exam
106
What is the purpose of using a heat protectant spray?
Protect from hair breakage and damaged hair
107
What is a common reason for using a clarifying shampoo?
To remove buildup from products
108
Which hair characteristic could indicate high porosity?
Absence of shine
109
What does the term "foil" refer to in hair coloring?
A technique that uses strips of aluminum to separate hair sections for coloring
110
How can a cosmetologist determine the best haircut for a client?
By considering face shape, lifestyle, and hair texture
111
What is the primary reason for recommending regular nail care appointments?
To promote healthy nail growth
112
What is the main goal of a cosmetology consultation?
To assess the client's needs and document services
113
Identify a common method for linking hair extensions.
Braiding or bonding
114
When performing a full set of nails, what is the first step?
Prepare the natural nail by cleaning and buffing
115
What type of hair might benefit from less intense highlighting?
Fine hair
116
Which agency oversees the safety of cosmetology products in the U.S.?
The Food and Drug Administration (FDA)
117
What is the significance of understanding different skin conditions in cosmetology?
To provide better recommendations for services
118
What does the term "porosity" refer to in hair care?
The hair's ability to absorb moisture and product
119
Which is a common procedure in cosmetology to prevent infections?
Disinfecting tools and using gloves
120
yWhat is the important draping a client before a service?
To protect their clothing and skin
121
What is the difference between a "base color" and a "highlight"?
Base color is the main shade; highlights are lighter strands
122
Which of the following is a core subject taught in a Virginia cosmetology program?
Hair Design
123
What should a stylist recommend for a client with dry hair?
Hydrating shampoos and conditioners
124
What is the purpose of a relaxer in hairstyling?
To permanently straighten curly or wavy hair
125
Describe the purpose of a patch test.
To check for allergic reactions to products
126
In which situation would a cosmetologist most need to utilize disinfectants?
When cleaning tools and surfaces after a service
127
What outcome is expected when hair is of low density?
More scalp visibility and less bulk
128
Define the term "texture" in hair services.
The thickness of individual hair strands and overall hair consistency
129
What type of hair is texture primarily associated with?
The diameter and feel of an individual strand of hair
130
What does "over-processing" refer to in hair care?
Damage caused by excessive chemical treatments
131
What is "oxidation" in the context of hair coloring?
A chemical reaction that occurs when hair color is activated
132
What is the role of a hairbrush in styling?
To detangle, smooth, and add volume to hair
133
Define "pH" in the context of hair care products.
A measure of the acidity or alkalinity of a solution
134
Name an appropriate way to handle a client with an allergic reaction during a service.
Stop the service and seek medical assistance
135
Why is it important to use the correct brush for blow-drying?
To achieve the desired style and minimize damage
136
What is the role of UV gel in nail care?
It is used for creating strong, durable nail enhancements
137
What is the benefit of using a thermal protective product?
It protects hair from heat damage
138
What is the correct way to perform a patch test?
Apply some product behind the ear or on your arm, wait 24-48 hours
139
Why is it important to assess porosity in hair?
To gauge how well the hair absorbs and retains moisture
140
Which product helps to improve hair moisture levels?
Deep conditioning treatments
141
What is a contraindication for chemical hair treatments?
Recent scalp abrasions or sunburn
142
What is indicated by examining hair texture?
The thickness or fineness of each strand
143
In a pedicure, what is the purpose of using a foot file?
To remove dead skin and calluses
144
Why is it important to use gloves during chemical services?
To protect skin from chemicals
145
What is the role of exfoliation in skincare?
To remove dead skin cells and promote cell turnover
146
Which statement best describes the role of disinfectants in a salon setting?
Disinfectants are used to kill pathogens on surfaces and tools
147
What is the difference between a pedicure and a manicure?
A pedicure is for feet and toenails; a manicure is for hands and fingernails
148
What can be potentially hazardous if not used properly in a salon?
Disinfectants
149
Which statement is true regarding the disinfection of tools?
Tools must be disinfected after each use
150
What might indicate that a client's hair is low in density?
Clear visibility of the scalp through the hair
151
What are the signs of product buildup in hair?
Dullness and lack of manageability
152
How should salon equipment be cleaned after each use?
Disinfected according to state regulations
153
What method is used to create texture in hair?
Curling
154
What is the primary ingredient in hair bleach?
Hydrogen peroxide
155
What is the main benefit of using essential oils in skincare?
They offer various therapeutic properties
156
What does the term "bleaching" refer to in hair coloring?
Lightening the natural pigment in hair
157
What skill is necessary for performing advanced haircutting techniques?
Understanding of cutting techniques and angles
158
Which hair service typically requires the use of a perm rod?
Permanent waving
159
Which hair type would typically require a conditioner for moisture and manageability?
Dry hair
160
What is the function of nail strengtheners?
To fortify weak or brittle nails
161
What tool is commonly used to achieve a blunt cut?
Straight scissors
162
During a facial, what is the purpose of steam?
To open pores and prepare the skin for treatment
163
What does "color correction" mean in hair services?
Adjusting or altering hair color to an ideal shade
164
Hirsuties is abnormal growth of hair, and is also known as:
Hypertrichosis
165
Combustion is known as:
Rapid Oxidation
166
What is the water attracting head called?
Hydrophilic
167
What are substances that are used to neutralize acids or raise the pH of the hair product:
Alkanolamines
168
What brush distributes scalp oil over the shaft during blow-drying to make their hair shiny
Natural/Bore
169
What brush stimulates the circulation of blood to the scalp?
Natural
170
To cancel warm tones (gold/red) use:
Violet/Natural
171
For the hair to be brought back to their acidic level: what should the pH of the shampoo be:
4.5-5.5
172
The secondary ingredient that most shampoos have in common is:
The primary surfactant
173
What finger controls the moving blade of your shears
Ring
174
pH stands for?
Potential Hydrogen
175
When formulating color, you must consider the:
Level and tone of the hair
176
The extensor muscle in the arm straightens the:
Elbow
177
The pincurl get its movement from the
Stem
178
A chemical reaction of subtracting oxygen from or adding hydrogen to a substance is known as:
Reduction
179
After Waxing/Tweezing apply:
Moisturizer
180
What will close your pores on you face?
Astringent/Toner
181
What is the strongest and sturdiest nail shape
Squoval
182
Pityriasis capitis simplex is the technical term for?
Common dandruff
183
Damage or an autoimmune disorder that affects the follicle will/may cause
Alopecia
184
The clear transparent layer of the skin is known as:
Stratum Lucidum
185
What face shape is widest at the forehead and thin at the chin
Heart
186
A client has unwanted green undertones. What color is used to neutralize it?
Red
187
Using ______ promotes overall health and wellbeing for the practitioner
Ergonomics
188
What do you discard in the post procedure of epilation
Wax
189
The study of muscles is knonw as:
Myology
190
What gives minimal lift in the hair lightener?
10 volume
191
Hydrogen ions activate:
Lighteners
192
What is also known as banding, is a temporary hair removal whereby cotton thread is twisted nd rolled along the skin surface
Threading
193
The minimal sunscreen protection is
15 SPF
194
After you drape your client for a facial, you should:
Wash your hands
195
The most important step in any service:
Client consultation
196
When removing nail polish. It is best to remove it from _____ to _______
Free edge to Cuticle
197
When filing your client's nails, how do you file them from
Corner to Center
198
Where can you use a nail drill
Nail plate
199
What lives on the skin on top of the nail
Ephonychium
200
What is the skin that surrounds the entire nail border
Perionychium
201
Split cuticles are also known as
Agnail/hangnail
202
What is a nail dehydrator used for
Remove the natural oil
203
Buffing the nail plate before applying artificial nails to remove what
The oil and shine from the natural nail
204
What does Sterilization use
Moist or dry heat
205
What method is it when you wash your hands
Sanitation
206
What type of manicure is recommended for someone with dry cuticle
Oil manicure
207
Oily skin is known to cause:
Acne
208
What lotion is best used on oily skin
Dry lotion
209
When should you perform a scalp treatment
Before a chemical treatment
210
What is the massage movement for relaxation during a pedicure
Effleurage
211
Employees should view _____ as an agency designed to ensure a safe workplace for all workers:
OSHA
211
Wearing gloves to protect the practitioner for blood or bodily fluids is known as
Universal/Standard precautions
212
What agency approves a disinfectant and determines its efficiency or efficacy
EPA
213
Virginia alllows barbers and cosmetologist to have _________ and _________ styptic
Power/Liquid
214
Virginia law requires an owner to keep record for _____ years
5
215
If your license expired two years ago, you have to be
A new candidate
216
Going from 7 to 10 on the pH scale is ________ times more alkaline
1,000
217
The pH of a balanced shampoo is
4.5-5.5
218
What shampoo is designed to re-balance the pH level of your hair by neutralizing any alkali and unwanted residue
Neutralizing
219
Loss of hair in a circular area or patches is known as
Alopecia areata
220
A tuft of hair that stands up is known as
Cowlick
221
What happens when the follicle or papilla is destroyed?
The hair grows back slower
222
The technical term for ringworm
Tinea
223
What is the process of the body to break down and store energy
Metabolism
224
A reusable device that automatically interrupts or shuts off if too much electricity is used
Circuit breaker
225
What is a power strip used for in a salon
To plug in multiple tools
226
What part of the pin-curl determines volume
Circle
227
What do you clean a pedicure throne/chair with
Hospital grade disinfectant
228
Pre-treatment before a permanent wave will
Open the cuticle
229
The ability of the hair to absorb and retain moisture is known as
Porosity
230
A tool that creates short and long lengths to create movement
Texturizing shears
231
A haircut with the same length all over is known as
One length
232
When blow-drying: the direct stream of hot air should be directed
Towards the ends
233
What is the transparent scales on the outer layer of hair
Cuticle
234
What bacteria has a corkscrew shape
Spirilla
235
What causes motility in bacteria
Flagella/cilia
235
What is one celled micro-organisms that displays both plant and animal characteristics
Bacteria
235
What is the largest organ of the body
Skin
236
What is one temporary form of hair removal
Depilatories
237
What is a thick paste for removing hair from sensitive skin
Cold Wax
238
What adds volume and gives length to your client's hair
Integrated hair piece
239
What is the best way to stop the process of a relaxer
Neutralizer
240
If your client has Tinea pedis, you should
Refer them to a Dermatologist
241
If the practitioner has bad/poor posture with their shoulders, it will put strain on
Their neck and back
242
What line creates width
Horizontal lines
243
The study of matter is
Chemistry
244
After cutting hair clippers, to clean them you
Brush, disinfect, then lubricate
245
Reference points are used to establish
Design lines/guidelines
246
In a facial ______ is a Direct current
Faradic
247
Tesla High-frequency is also known as
Violet ray
248
Anode is __________ pole
Positive
249
H2O2 is known as
Hydrogen Peroxide
250
Cathode is _________ pole
Negative
251
The strength of the wave solution is based on the concentration of the
H2O2
252
What type of hair in a permanent wave will result
Over-processed
253
To get a true to rod size curl, the hair must wrap around the rod at least
2 1/2 times
254
What end paper wrap provides the most control over the hair ends
Double Flat
255
What is the proocess that rearranages the structure of curly hair into a straigther or smoother form
Relaxers
256
Hydroxide relaxers break disulfide bonds differently the perms: as a result, _______ bond is formed
Lathionine
257
During a relaxer a/an ______________ is used to see if the relaxer is sufficiently relaxed
Strand Test
258
What measures the strength of an electrical current
Ampere
259
What is the unit that measures the pressure or force of the electric current
Volt
260
A (n) ________ uses an endothermic process
A Low-pH wave
261
What does not straighten the hair: it makes the existing curl larger and looser
Curl Reformation
262
Manufactures add an alkalizing agent to waving solutions is commonly is referred to as:
Thio
263
A _____ is a type of perm wrap in which the hair is wrapped at am angle other than perpendicular to the length of the rod
Spiral perm wrap
264
The 3 main components of exothermic waves are
Activator, Neutralizer, and Permanent waving solutions
265
Most of the acid waves found in today's salons have a pH between
7.8 and 8.2
266
Which type of perm is recommended for very damaged hair
True acid wave
267
When rinsing the hair for permanent wave, it is recommended that you
Always smell the hair after the recommended time has elasped.
268
Mid-Strength relaxers are formulated for
Fine, color-treated hair, or damaged hair
269
Relaxers are
Extremely alkaline (depends on the type of relaxer)
270
If the client's hair has been treated with hydroxide relaxer, it
It will not hold a curl
271
The chemical texture service that loosens overly curly hair into loose curls or waves is
Curl Reformation
272
The layer of the hair that provides strength and elasticity is the
Cortex
273
In permanent waving, the size of the curl is determined by the
Size of the rod
274
The technique of wrapping at 90-degree angle or straight out from the center is
Half-off base placement
275
A reduction reaction involves either the addition of hydrogen or removal of
Oxygen
276
Most alkaline permanent waves have a pH between
9.0 and 9.6
277
The basic components of acid waves are permanent wave solution, activator, and
Neutralizer
278
An endothermic wave must be activated using
Outside source heat
279
Permanent wave solution should be rinsed from the hair for a minimum of
5 minutes
280
The process of rearranging extremely curly hair into straighter or smoother form is
Chemical hair relaxing
281
The chemical relaxers usually have a pH value above
10
282
Which type of rod are usually about 12-inches long with a uniform diameter along the entire length?
Soft bender rods
283
Thioglycolic acid is
A common reducing agent
284
The _________ is the innermost layer of the hair
Medulla
285
Which permanent waves processes at room temperature
Ammonia-free wave
286
The chemical bonds that join amino acids together are called
Peptide bonds
287
When should you perform an elasticity test?
Before perming the hair
288
Porous hair
Can be damaged by a highly alkaline permanent waving solution
289
Ammonia-free waves
Are very acidic
290
True acid waves
Require heat to process
291
In permanent waving, most of the processing takes place within
5-10 minutes
292
The natural pH of the hair is
4.0-5.0
293
Porous, damaged, or chemically treated hair requires a perm solution that is
Less alkaline
294
A strong, compact cuticle makes for
Resistant hair
295
The two parts of a mature strand of human hair are the:
c. hair shaft and hair root
296
The tube-like depression or pocket in the skin or scalp that contains the hair root is the:
Follicle
297
Hair follicles are not found on the:
a. forehead area
b. back of the hands
c. soles of the feet
d. back of the neck
Soles of the feet
298
The _________ is a tiny, involuntary muscle in the base of the hair follicle.
Arrector pili
299
An oily substance secreted from the sebaceous gland is:
Sebum
300
For chemicals to penetrate a healthy cuticle hair layer, they must have:
an alkaline pH
301
A severe type of dandruff characterized by an accumulation of greasy or waxy scalp scales mixed with sebum is:
A. Pityriasis capitis
B. Tinea favosa
C. Pityriasis papules
D. Pityriasis steatoides
D. Pityriasis steatoides
302
The process whereby living cells mature and begin their journey up the hair shaft is:
a. anagen
b. catagen
c. keratinization
d. osmosis
c. keratinization
302
The five main elements that make up the chemical composition of human hair are carbon, oxygen, hydrogen and:
a. lead and zinc
b. keratin and selenium
c. boron and calcium
d. nitrogen and sulfer
d. nitrogen and sulfer
303
The chemical bonds that hold together the amino acid molecules are called:
b. peptide bonds
304
Which type of melanin provides natural colors ranging from red and ginger to yellow and blond tones?
Pheomelanin
305
Asians tend to have:
a. extremely straight hair
b. extremely curly hair
c. straight to wavy hair
d. wavy to curly hair
a. extremely straight hair
306
To help minimize tangles in extremely curly hair when washing, you should use:
a. a drying shampoo
b. strong scalp manipulations
c. a detangling rinse
d. soap instead of shampoo
c. a detangling rinse
307
Hair texture is classified as:
a. wavy, straight or curly
b. coarse, medium or fine
c. light, medium or dark
d. long, medium or short
b. coarse, medium or fine
308
The measurement of individual hair strands on 1 square inch (2.5 square centimeters) of the scalp is:
a. hair density
b. hair elasticity
c. hair texture
d. hair porosity
a. hair density
309
Compared to hair with high porosity, chemical services performed on hair with low porosity require:
a. neutral solutions
b. more acidic solutions
c. solutions with the same pH
d. more alkaline solutions
d. more alkaline solutions
310
Wet hair with normal elasticity will stretch up to _______ of its original length.
a. 25%
b. 40%
c. 50%
d. 70%
c. 50%
311
Oily scalp and hair can be treated by properly washing it:
a. without shampoo
b. with normalizing shampoo
c. with conditioning shampoo
d. with dry shampoo
b. with normalizing shampoo
312
Which type of hair almost never has a medulla?
a. oily
b. pigmented
c. dark
d. vellus
d. vellus
313
The growth phase during which new hair is produced is:
a. patagen
b. telogen
c. anagen
d. catagen
c. anagen
314
The average growth of healthy scalp hair is:
a. 1/2” per week
b. 1” per week
c. 1/2” per month
d. 1” per month
1/2” per month
315
The technical term used to describe gray hair is:
a. canities
b. tinea
c. alopecia
d. albino
a. canities
316
A condition of abnormal hair growth on areas of the body is:
a. trichorrhexxis
b. ringed hair
c. hypertrichosis
d. electrolysis
c. hypertrichosis
317
The medical term for dandruff is:
a. canities
b. pityriasis
c. alopecia
d. simplex
b. pityriasis
318
The body can produce 11 of the 20 ______ that make up hair.
a. amino acids
b. COHNS elements
c. disulfide bonds
d. polypeptide bonds
a. amino acids
319
Salt bonds account for about ________ of the hairs overall strength.
a. 1/4
b. 1/2
c. 1/3
d. 2/3
c. 1/3
320
The anagen phase generally lasts from three to five:
a. days
b. weeks
c. months
d. years
d. years
321
Scalp hair grows _______ on women than on men.
a. slower
b. faster
c. thinner
d. thicker
b. faster
322
The _______ phase signals the end of the growth phase.
a. cysteine
b. cystine
c. anagen
d. catagen
d. catagen
323
Scalp massage ________ hair growth.
a. increases
b. decreases
c. does not affect
d. is necessary for
c. does not affect
324
Compared to pigmented hair, gray hair is:
a. neither coarser nor more resistant
b. both coarser and more resistant
c. coarser
d. more resistant
a. neither coarser nor more resistan
325
Cross-sections of hair:
a. are always round
b. are always oval
c. are always flattened oval
d. can be almost any shape
d. can be almost any shape
326
Bald men are most commonly perceived as:
a. more assertive
b. younger
c. more physically attractive
d. less successful
d. less successful
327
By age 35, almost ________ percent of both men and women show some degree of hair loss.
a. 20
b. 30
c. 40
d. 50
c. 40
328
Finisteride is an oral prescription medication for hair loss that is meant for:
a. men only
b. women only
c. men and women
d. animals
a. men only
329
Congenital canities manifests:
a. at or before birth
b. during adolescence
c. during middle age
d. in the later years of life
a. at or before birth
330
Dandruff can easily be mistaken for:
a. tinea
b. dry scalp
c. pediculosis capitis
d. trichoptilosis
b. dry scalp
331
Dandruff is believed to be caused by a:
a. bacterium
b. virus
c. parasite
d. fungus
d. fungus
332
The most frequently encountered fungal infection resulting from hair services is:
a. tinea barbae
b. tinea capitis
c. tinea pedis
d. tinea favosa
a. tinea barbae
333
Tinea is characterized by:
a. numbness
b. blisters
c. sudden hair loss
d. itiching
d. itiching
334
The infestation of the hair and scalp with head lice is called:
a. hypertrochosis
b. trichoptilosis
c. pediculosis capitis
d. fragilitas crinium
c. pediculosis capitis
335
A carbuncle is similar to a furuncle, but is:
a. smaller
b. larger
c. much darker in color
d. much lighter in color
b. larger
336
Fine hair is ______ than coarse medium hair.
a. thicker
b. harder to process
c. less susceptible to damage from chemical services
d. more fragile
d. more fragile
337
Coarse hair:
a. has the smallest diameter of the 3 types of hair texture
b. is the most common hair texture
c. is not resistant to chemical services
d. is stronger than fine hair
d. is stronger than fine hair
338
The _______ is the outermost layer of hair.
a. hair cuticle
b. hair bulb
c. hair follicle
d. hair root
a. hair cuticle
339
The oil glands in the skin that are connected to the hair follicles are the _________ glands.
a. systine
b. simplex
c. sebaceous
d. scutula
c. sebaceous
340
A _______ bond is a physical bond easily broken by heat or water?
a. hydrogen
b. hydrophillic
c. hydrophobic
d. helix
a. hydrogen
341
Hair is approximately ________ percent protein.
a. 60
b. 70
c. 80
d. 90
d. 90
342
Total scalp hair loss is known as:
a. alopecia areata
b. androgenetic alopecia
c. alopecia totalis
d. alopecia unversalis
c. alopecia totalis
343
Hypertrichosis is also known as:
a. ringed hair
b. hirsuties
c. canities
d. split ends
b. hirsuties
344
The naturally occurring fungus that causes the symptoms of dandruff when it grows out if control is:
a. medulla
b. monilethrix
c. malassezia
d. hypertrichosis
c. malassezia
345
The ________ is the lowest part of the hair strand.
a. hair root
b. hair bulb
c. hair cuticle
d. hair follicle
b. hair bulb
346
The technical term for beaded hair is:
a. monilethrix
b. fragilitas crinium
c. trichorrhexis
d. hypertrichosis
a. monilethrix
347
A highly contagious skin disease caused by a parasite called a mite that burrows under the skin is:
a. capitis
b. scabies
c. furuncle
d. carbuncle
b. scabies
348
The term for a spiral shape of a coiled protein is:
a. matrix
b. cystine
c. helix
d. cysteine
c. helix
349
Shaving, clipping and cutting the hair on the head:
a. makes it grow back faster
b. makes it grow back darker
c. makes it grow back coarser
d. has no effect on hair growth
d. has no effect on hair growth
350
Dry, sulfur-yellow, cup-like crusts on the scalp are called:
a. tinea barbae
b. scabies
c. scutula
d. wheals
c. scutula
351
The _______ are part of the integumentary system.
a. hair, skin and nails
b. hair, skin, nails and glands
c. hair, glands and nails
d. nails, skin and glands
b.. hair, skin, nails and glands
352
The long, coarse, pigmented hair found on the scalp, legs, arms and bodies of males and females is called:
a. vellus hair
b. lanugo hair
c. extra hair
d. terminal hair
d. terminal hair
353
The technical term for knotted hair is:
a. trichorrhexis nodosa
b. monilethrix
c. trichoptilosis
d. hypertrichosis
a. trichorrhexis nodosa
354
Hair that forms in a circular pattern on the crown of the head is called:
a. crown hair
b. cowlick
c. ringed hair
d. whorl
d. whorl
355
The part of the hair located below the surface of the epidermis is the:
a. hair root
b. hair shaft
c. hair stream
d. hair bulb
a. hair root
356
The tuft of hair that stands straight up is a:
a. cystine
b. cysteine
c. cortex
d. cowlick
d. cowlick
357
The ability of the hair to absorb moisture is called:
a. hair absorbency
b. hair porosity
c. hair saturation
d. hair stream
b. hair porosity
358
An autoimmune disorder that causes affected hair follicles to be mistakenly attacked by a person’s own immune system is:
a. androgenic alopecia
b. alopecia areata
c. alopecia totalis
d. alopecia universalis
b. alopecia areata
359
Vellus hair is also known as:
a. lanugo hair
b. lanthionine hair
c. malassezia hair
d. monilethrix hair
a. lanugo hair
360
The medical term for ringworm is:
a. tinea
b. tinea barbae
c. tinea favosa
d. tinea capitis
a. tinea
361
The scientific study of hair, its diseases and care is called:
a. dermatology
b. trichology
c. biology
d. cosmetology
b. trichology
362
The ability of hair to stretch and return to its original length without breaking is referred to:
A. Denisity
B. Elasticity
C. Porosity
D. Resistance
B. Elasticity
363
The resting phase or final phase of the hair cycle that lasts until the fully grown hair is shed is the:
A. Telogen phase
B. Anagen phase
C. Catagen phase
D. Transition phase
A. Telogen phase
364
A lengthwise section of hair shows that cuticle scales overlap and each individual cuticle scale is attached to the:
A. Medulla
B. Melanin
C. Cortex
D. Root
C. Cortex
365
Permanent waving and hair relaxers change the shape of hair by chemically altering the hairs:
A. Hydrogen bonds
B. Ionic bonds
C. Disulfide bonds
D. Amino acids
C. Disulfide bonds
366
Hydroxide chemical relaxers break disulfide bonds and convert them to:
A. Lanthionine bonds
B. Sulfur bonds
C. Carbon bonds
D. Hydrogen bonds
A. Lanthionine bonds
367
The hair, skin, nails and glands are known collectively as the:
A. Epidermis
B. Integument
C. Dermal papilla
D. Trichology
B. Integument
368
The melanin that provides brown or black color to hair is:
A. Ionic
B. Eumelanin
C. Pheomelanin
D. Telogen
B. Eumelanin
369
The hair shaft that emerges from the scalp is a nonliving fiber composed of:
A. Keratinized acids
B. Hydrogen bonds
C. Melanin protein
D. Keratinized protein
D. Keratinized protein
370
The units of structure that build protein and are joined together end to end like pop heads are:
A. Oxygenated cells
B. Primary acids
C. Amino acids
D. Lymph glands
C. Amino acids
371
The thickness or diameter of the individual hair strand is referred to as hair:
A. Dryness
B. Texture
C. Elasticity
D. Porosity
B. Texture
372
All natural hair color is the result of pigment located in the cortex called:
A. Melanin
B. Tissue
C. Sebum
D. Proteins
A. Melanin
373
Dry hair and scalp should be treated with products that contain moisturizers and:
A. Sulfur
B. Chemicals
C. Alcohol
D. Emollients
D. Emollients
374
The thickened, club-like structure that forms the lower part of the hair root is the:
A. Cuticle layer
B. Hair bulb
C. Dermal papilla
D. Arrector pili
B. Hair bulb
375
The medulla, the innermost layer of the hair, is composed of cells that are:
A. Transparent
B. Elongated
C. Flat
D. Round
D. Round
376
Tinea is characterized by itching scales and sometimes painful circular lesions and is caused by:
A. Seborrheic dermatitis
B. Parasites
C. Subcutaneous tissue
D. Fungal organisms
D. Fungal organisms
377
Which of the following scalp disorders is characterized by dry, sulfur-yellow, cup-like crusts on the scalp?
A. Tinea capitis
B. Pediculosis furuncle
C. Tinea favosa
D. Tinea barbae
C. Tinea favosa
378
The five main structures of the hair root include all of the following except the:
A. Hair follicle
B. Dermal papilla
C. Arrector pili muscle
D. Epidermis
D. Epidermis
379
The three growth cycles of human hair are:
A. Anagen, endocentric, and telogen
B. Catagen, return and transition
C. Anagen, Catagen and telogen
D. Anagen, transition and mature
C. Anagen, Catagen and telogen
380
Which of the following terms is used to describe hairs wave pattern?
A. Curly
B. Straight
C. Extremely curly
D. All of the above
D. All of the above
381
A long chain of amino acids linked by peptide bonds is called a:
A. Amino-peptide chain
B. Polymer chain
C. Keratin chain
D. Polypeptide chain
D. Polypeptide chain
382
Hair flowing in the same direction, the result of follicles sloping in the same direction form a:
A. Section
B. Hair stream
C. Hair whorl
D. Cowlick
B. Hair stream
383
Hair that has the largest diameter and usually requires more processing is:
A. Fine hair
B. Coarse hair
C. Medium hair
B. Coarse hair
384
Trichoptilosis is the technical term for:
A. Split ends
B. Hair loss
C. Knotted hair
D. Beaded
A. Split ends
385
The major elements that make up hair are, carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen and sulfur, often refer to as the:
A. COHNS elements
B. Dermal foundation
C. Amino acids
D. Keratins
A. COHNS elements
386
A weak, physical, cross-link side bond between adjacent polypeptide chains that is broken by changes in pH is a:
A. Hydrogen bond
B. Carbon bond
C. Salt bond
D. Sulfur bond
C. Salt bond
387
In natural-hairstyling services, texture refers to all BUT which of the following qualities?
A. The diameter of hair
B. The feel of hair
C. The length of hair
D. The wave pattern
C. The length of hair
388
Which of the following is recommended for a client with a square face?
A. A style with more width at the sides
B. A style with height
C. Using bangs or sweep braids across the forehead
D. Framing the face with longer braids
D. Framing the face with longer braids
389
The _______ face is a too long oval and requires a style with more width at the sides.
a. pear-shaped
b. elongated
c. oval
d. heart-shaped
b. elongated
390
Which of the following is a characteristic of Kanekalon?
A. It closely mimics human hair
B. It is not very durable
C. It is not heat resistant
D. It is prone to tangling
A. It closely mimics human hair
391
Which brush is recommended for scalp stimulation and removal of dirt and lint from locks?
a. vent brush
b. boar-bristle brush
c. nylon-bristle brush
d. square paddle brush
b. boar-bristle brush
392
When curly hair is braided wet, it ______ as it dries.
a. falls apart
b. remains unchanged
c. expands
d. shrinks
d. shrinks
393
A(n) _______ braid is created using a three-strand underhand technique where strands are woven under the center strand.
a. french
b. inverted
c. visible
d. invisible
c. visible
394
Single braids can move:
a. in any direction
b. from side to side
c. up and down
d. diagonally
a. in any direction
395
Extensions for single braids are integrated into natural hair using the:
a. two-stranded overhand technique
b. three-stranded underhand technique
c. individual braid technique
d. medium to large techniques
b. three-stranded underhand technique
396
Which of the following is NOT a basic method of locking?
A. The comb technique
B. Braids or extensions
C. The palm roll
D. The block roll
D. The block roll
397
In some African tribes, different styles of braiding indicated:
a. a person’s social status
b. the family to which a person belonged
c. whether the person had children
d. whether the person was married
a. a person’s social status
398
What is the most important feature of the wide-toothed comb?
a. the length of the teeth
b. the distance between the teeth
c. the material from which the comb is made
d. the sharpness of the teeth
a. the length of the teeth
399
Most human hair used for hair extensions is imported from which part of the world?
a. South America
b. Asia
c. Eastern Europe
d. South Africa
b. Asia
400
Blow-drying does not:
a.soften the hair
b. dry wet hair quickly
c. make hair more manageable
d. tighten and shrink the wave pattern
a.soften the hair
401
The fishtail braid is best done on:
a. long, layered hair
b. short, layered hair
c. long, non-layered hair
d. short, non-layered hair
c. long, non-layered hair
402
How long does a tree braiding service take?
a.1 hour
b. 4 hours
c. 6 hours
d. 90 minutes
b. 4 hours
403
During which developmental phase of locks
can a bulb be felt at the end of each lock?
a. sprouting stage
b. growing stage
c. prelock stage
d. maturation stage
a. sprouting stage
404
During which developmental phase of locks does the hair begin to regain strength?
Growing stage
405
During the first developmental phase of locks, the hair coil:
a. is rough in texture
b. has a matte texture
c. is straight
d. has an open end
d. has an open end
406
Which of these is a braid created with two strands that are twisted around each other?
a. fishtail braid
b. invisible braid
c. rope braid
d. single braid
c. rope braid
407
Which of these are separate networks of curly, textured hair that have been intertwined and meshed together?
a. french braids
b. locks
c. cornrows
d. canerows
b. locks
408
A _______ is used to dry hair without disturbing the finished look and without dehydrating the hair.
a. hood dryer
b. pick nozzle
c. concentrator
d. diffuser
d. diffuser
409
Which tool is used for cutting small sections, and should only be used after the hair is softened and elongated with a blow dryer?
a. finishing comb
b. double-toothed comb
c. tail comb
d. cutting comb
d. cutting comb
409
The practice of overlapping two strands to form a candy cane effect is known as:
a. twisting
b. weaving
c. plaiting
d. inverting
a. twisting
410
When performing a braiding service, it is recommended that you use _____ to create shapes and finished looks, and to trim bangs and excess extension material.
a. 2” scissors
b. 3” scissors
c. 5” scissors
d. 8” scissors
c. 5” scissors
411
The term _____ refers to narrow rows of invisible braids that lie close to the scalp and are created with a three-strand, on-the-scalp braiding technique.
a. cornrows
b. locks
c. twists
d. dreadlocks
a. cornrows
412
A ______ is recommended for lifting and separating textured hair.
a. wide-toothed comb
b. square paddle brush
c. pick with rounded teeth
d. vent brush
c. pick with rounded teeth
413
A(n) ________ is a free hanging braid with or without an extension that can be executed by using either an underhand or overhand technique.
a. inverted braid
b. single braid
c. plait
d. fishtail braid
b. single braid
414
Which type of brush is recommended for releasing tangles, knots and snarls in short, textured hair and long straight hair?
a. square paddle brush
b. boar-bristle brush
c. vent brush
d. natural hair brush
a. square paddle brush
415
What is the benefit of mixing yak hair with human hair?
a. It makes the hair easier to color
b. It eliminates the need to wash the hair
c. It helps to remove the manufactured shine
d. It make the hair easier to style
c. It helps to remove the manufactured shine
416
Which of these terms does NOT refer to a three-strand braid produced with an overhand technique?
A. French braid
B. Invisible braid
C. Inverted braid
D. Rope braid
D. Rope braid
417
The finishing comb is usually ______ in length.
a. 3-4”
b. 5-6”
c. 6-8”
d. 8-10”
c. 6-8”
418
The _______ method involves applying extensions to cornrows by building the braid up strand by strand.
a. feed-in
b. over-weave
c. draw-down
d. button-through
a. feed-in
419
The flat leather pad with very close, fine teeth used to sandwich human hair extensions is called a:
a. book board
b. drawing board
c. flat iron
d. leather clamp
b. drawing board
420
Within the natural hairstyling/braiding world, hair is referred to as natural or virgin if it has never had any chemical treatments.
T or F
True
421
The traditional cornrow is flat, natural and contoured to the scalp.
T or F
True
422
With proper care, a braided design can last up to 6 months.
T or F
False
423
In lock braiding, the clients hair is braided along with an extension, but the finished look shows mostly faux hair.
T or F
False
424
As early as 3000 BC, Egyptian women wore braids or plaits decorated with which of the following:
A. Shells
B. Gold beads
C. Sequins
D. All of the above
D. All of the above
425
Step 5 in creating basic cornrows is:
A. Determine the correct size and direction of the cornrow base
B. Massage oil throughout the scalp and hair
C. Divide the panel into three even strands
D. Braid to the end
C. Divide the panel into three even strands
426
To avoid scratching the scalp, the teeth on wide-toothed combs should have:
A. Long rounded tips
B. Long flat tips
C. Missing teeth
D. Long pointed tips
A. Long rounded tips
427
Extension material that may cut or break the hair and melt with the application of excessive heat is:
A. Kanekalon
B. Yarn
C. Nylon
D. Cotton
C. Nylon
428
An excellent comb for design parting and opening and removing braids is a:
A. Finishing comb
B. Wide-toothed comb
C. Pressing comb
D. Tail comb
D. Tail comb
429
A strong extension material that comes from the domestic ox found in the mountains of Tibet and Central Asia is:
A. Lin
B. Wool
C. Yarn
D. Yak
D. Yak
430
The terms single braids, box braids or individual braids all refer to:
A. Underhand braids
B. Inverted braids
C. Extension braids
D. Free-hanging braids
D. Free-hanging braids
430
The blow dryer attachment that stretches and softens texturized hair and loosens the curl pattern is a:
A. Concentrator
B. Butterfly clip
C. Pick nozzle
D. Diffuser
C. Pick nozzle
431
Hairstyling that does not alter the natural curl or coil patterns of hair is known as:
A. Trend hairstyling
B. Natural hairstyling
C. Fashion hairstyling
D. Thermal hairstyling
B. Natural hairstyling
432
A light, soft extension material that does not reflect light and gives the braid a matte finish is:
A. Nylon
B. Yarn
C. Rayon
D. Cotton
B. Yarn
432
The method of locking where portions of hair are placed between the palms of both hands and rolled in a clockwise or counterclockwise directions is:
A. Comb method
B. Prelock
C. Palm roll
D. Intertwine
C. Palm roll
433
Narrow rows of visible braids that lie close to the scalp are:
A. Invisible
B. Cornrows
C. Box
D. Fishtai
B. Cornrows
434
Hair that is best braided slightly damp or very lightly coated with a wax or pomade to make it more pliable is:
A. Curly, textured hair
B. Fragile, dry hair
C. Straight resistant hair
D. Short dry hair
C. Straight resistant hair
435
With regard to the wave pattern or configuration, textured hair is defined as hair with a(n):
A. Very soft curl pattern
B. Smooth wave pattern
C. Oily curl pattern
D. Tight curl pattern
D. Tight curl pattern
436
Which of the following is NOT an implement or material needed for extensions?
A. Hackle
B. Extension fibers
C. Drawing board
D. Hood dryer
D. Hood dryer
437
Interweaving a weft or faux hair with natural hair
A. Visible braid
B. Weaving
C. Rope braid
D. Twisting
B. Weaving
438
Cosmetology is defined as the ____ of beautifying and improving the skin, nails, and hair.
A. Aesthetic
B. Art and science
C. Standards and codes
D. Technology
B. Art and science
439
The term cosmetology comes from the \_\_\_\_\_ word kosmeticos, meaning skilled in the use of
cosmetics.
A. Egyptian
B. East Indian
C. Greek
D. Russian
C. Greek
440
Archaeological studies reveal that haircutting and hairstyling were practiced in some form as early as
the \_\_\_\_\_.
A. Ice Age
B. Golden Age of Greece
C. Renaissance
D. Victorian Age
A. Ice Age
441
Ancient people around the world used animal hide _____.
A. as colorants for hair and skin
B. to tie hair back or for adornment
C. as head dresses to indicate social rank
D. as material for wigs
B. to tie hair back or for adornment
441
Which civilization is most known for using a variety of hairstyles as symbols of tribal traditions to
convey messages of age, marital status, power, and rank?
A. Chinese
B. African
C. Egyptian
D. Roman
B. African
442
Studying the history of cosmetology can _____.
A. help you to understand that ancient and modern techniques are unrelated
B. expedite your educational path to becoming a professional
C. narrow your chosen field of study to one or two options
D. help you predict or understand current trends
D. help you predict or understand current trends
443
Ancient Egyptians were the first civilization to infuse essential oils from \_\_\_\_\_ for use as perfumes
and for purification purposes.
A. rocks and minerals
B. animal remains
C. leaves and blossoms
D. clay and sand
C. leaves and blossoms
443
Which queen erected a personal cosmetics factory next to the Dead Sea?
A. Queen Nefertiti
B. Queen Cleopatra
C. Queen Elizabeth
D. Queen Victoria
B. Queen Cleopatra
444
Who were the first people to cultivate beauty with extravagant fashions and were the first to use
cosmetics as part of their personal beautification habits?
A. The Indians
B. The Romans
C. The Egyptians
D. The Celtic
C. The Egyptians
445
Which substance was created by ancient Egyptians from a mixture of ground galena (a black mineral),
sulfur, and animal fat?
A. Henna
B. Lipstick
C. Perfume
D. Kohl
D. Khol
446
What were the royal colors of the Chou Dynasty (circa 1100 BC)?
A. Gold and silver
B. Blue and gold
C. Red and gold
D. Black and gold
A. Gold and silver
447
What mineral, considered the chief source of mercury, was ground into a fine powder and used to
make vermillion, a brilliant red pigment?
A. Iron
B. Cinnabar
C. Silver
D. Ruby
B. Cinnabar
448
In ancient Rome, women used hair color to indicate their class in society. What color did poor women
use to dye their hair?
A. Black
B. Red
C. Brown
D. Blond
A. Black
449
The process of steam distillation was refined by Avicenna, a \_\_\_\_\_, around AD 1000.
A. Greek philosopher
B. Roman priest
C. French mathematician
D. Persian physician
D. Persian physician
450
What was the period in history during which Western civilization made the transition from medieval to
modern history?
A. The Middle Ages
B. The Renaissance
C. The Victorian Age
D. The Industrial Age
B. The Renaissance
451
In 2012, along with representatives from most nations who participate in the United Nations, OSHA
agreed to comply with which of the following?
a. MSDS publication requirements
b. Hazard Communication Standards
c. The Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labeling of Chemicals System
d. The World Health Organization International Classification of Occupational Illnesses
c. The Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labeling of Chemicals System
451
Which of the following is a mechanical process?
a. Sterilization
b. Bacteriacide
c. Disinfection
d. Cleaning
d. Cleaning
452
According to your text, the GHS gives workers the right to _____.
a. understand safety concerns associated with chemicals
b. know safety concerns associated with chemicals
c. refuse to be exposed to potentially dangerous chemicals
d. seek compensation for chemical-associated illness or injury
b. know safety concerns associated with chemicals
453
Which item is included in the “Identification” section of the MSDS?
a. Possible hazards
b. Restrictions on product use
c. Chemical composition
d. Exposure limits
b. Restrictions on product use
454
As of June 2015, both federal and state laws require that manufacturers supply a(n) _____ for all
chemical products manufactured and sold.
a. SDS
b. MDS
c. HCS
d. EPA
a. SDS
455
OSHA and state regulatory agencies require that SDSs be _____.
a. kept available in the salon for all products used in the salon
b. provided to all employees in bound form
c. updated at least every six months
d. discussed with clients prior to services being rendered
a. kept available in the salon for all products used in the salon
456
Chemical products that destroy all bacteria, fungi, and viruses (but not spores) on surfaces are known
as \_\_\_\_\_.
a. antiseptics
b. disinfectants
c. sterilizers
d. sanitizers
b. disinfectants
457
Which agency is responsible for designating disinfecting agents as being effective enough to be used
in a hospital setting and effective for cleaning blood and body fluids?
a. EPA
b. CDC
c. OSHA
d. DOL
a. EPA
458
State regulatory agencies _____.
a. can take action against salon and spa owners, but not against individual license holders
b. have no real authority, and must refer violations to the court system for resolution
c. act independently of statutes
d. create the rules that determine how laws are applied
d. create the rules that determine how laws are applied
458
What is safe and useful type of disinfectant, commonly called quats?
a. Quarter antiseptic solution
b. Quaternary-based compounds
c. Phenolic quaternary agents
d. Quaternary ammonium compounds
d. Quaternary ammonium compounds
459
Laws are also called _____.
a. regulations
b. guidelines
c. statutes
d. rules
c. statutes
459
Invasion of body tissues by disease-causing pathogenic bacteria can result in a(n) _____.
a. infection
b. antitoxin
c. abrasion
d. contusion
a. infection
460
Which action is best defined as removing all visible dirt and debris from tools, implements, and
equipment by washing with soap and water?
a. Decontaminating
b. Disinfecting
c. Scrubbing
d. Cleaning
d. Cleaning
461
One-celled microorganisms with both plant and animal characteristics are known as _____.
a. diseases
b. bacteria
c. cells
d. minute
b. bacteria
462
Nonpathogenic bacteria are _____.
a. harmful
b. harmless
c. disease-producing
d. toxic
b. harmless
463
Which organisms are pus-forming bacteria that grow in clusters like bunches of grapes?
a. Streptococci
b. Bacilli
c. Staphylococci
d. Spirilla
c. Staphylococci
464
Round-shaped bacteria are called _____.
a. bacilli
b. cocci
c. spirilla
d. retrobacteria
b. cocci
465
Spiral or corkscrew-shaped bacteria are called _____.
a. bacilli
b. cocci
c. spirilla
d. retrobacteria
c. spirilla
466
Short, rod-shaped bacteria are called _____.
a. bacilli
b. cocci
c. spirilla
d. retrobacteria
a. bacilli
467
The type of bacteria that rarely shows any active motility is known as _____.
a. cocci
b. pus
c. spirilla
d. flagellum
a. cocci
468
Bacteria generally consist of an outer cell wall containing a liquid called _____.
a. spore-forming
b. cilia
c. protoplasm
d. photosynthesis
c. protoplasm
469
Together, the active stage and inactive, or spore-forming, stage of bacteria are referred to as the _____.
a. life cycle of bacteria
b. chemical origin of bacteria
c. beneficial effects
d. surrounding environment
a. life cycle of bacteria
470
Inflammation is characterized by which of the following?
a. Swelling
b. Decreased blood flow
c. Chilling of tissue
d. Numbness
a. Swelling
471
Which type of bacteria can cause strep throat or blood poisoning?
A. Fungi
B. Spirilla
C. Bacilli
D. Streptococci
D. Streptococci
472
A sign of a bacterial infection is the presence of _____.
a. lesions
b. tissue
c. pus
d. blood
a. lesions
473
Bacteria that grow in pairs and can cause pneumonia are:
A. Diplococci
B. Diphtheria
C. Discarded
D. Toxins
A. Diplococci
474
Lyme disease and syphilis are caused by spiral or corkscrew-shaped bacteria called:
A. Flagella
B. Strep
C. Spirilla
D. Cocci
C. Spirilla
474
The presence of pus is a sign of:
A. Immunity
B. Congestion
C. Bacterial infection
D. Sunburn
C. Bacterial infection
475
The process whereby bacteria grow, reproduce and divide into two new cells is:
A. Binary fission
B. Meiosis
C. Photosynthesis
D. Metamorphosis
A. Binary fission
476
The ability of the body to destroy and resist infection is called:
A. Immunity
B. Decontamination
C. Stasis
D. Regulation
A. Immunity
477
Antiseptics are effective for:
A. Disinfecting instruments
B. Killing germs on the hands
C. Disinfecting equipment
D. Sterilizing equipment
B. Killing germs on the hands
477
Which agency publishes the guidelines known as Universal Precautions?
A. FDA
B. OSHA
C. CDC
D. EPA
B. OSHA
478
When washing your hands, you apply soap, lather and scrub your hands and under the free edges of nails with a nail brush for at least:
A. 5 minutes
B. 1 minute
C. 45 seconds
D. 10 seconds
B. 1 minute
479
Universal Precautions require employees to assume that human blood and body fluids are infectious for:
A. Bloodborne pathogens
B. Nonpathogenic pathogens
C. Influenza
D. Fungi
A. Bloodborne pathogens
480
A(n) ________ is a physician who specializes in diseases and disorders of the skin, hair and nails.
a. histologist
b. dermatologist
c. esthetician
d. pediatrician
b. dermatologist
481
Healthy skin is:
a. smooth with a fine-grained texture
b. highly acidic
c. dry and tough
d. infexible
a. smooth with a fine-grained texture
482
All of the following are appendages of the skin except:
a. sudoriferous glands
b. nails
c. adrenal glands
d. hair
c. adrenal glands
483
Cells that are almost dead and pushed to the surface to replace cells are shed from the:
a. stratum corneum
b. stratum lucidum
c. stratum germinativum
d. stratum granulosum
a. stratum corneum
483
Which of the following correctly identifies the layers of the skin and fat from the outermost layer to the innermost layer?
a. dermis, subcutaneous, epidermis
b. epidermis, subcutaneous, dermis
c. dermis, epidermis, subcutaneous
d. epidermis, dermis, subcutaneous
d. epidermis, dermis, subcutaneous
484
The layer directly beneath the epidermis is the:
a. reticular layer
b. stratum spinosum
c. papillary layer
d. subcutaneous tissue
c. papillary layer
485
Which type of tissue gives smoothness and contour to the body and provides a protective cushion?
a. subcutaneous tissue
b. cardiac tissue
c. muscle tissue
d. nerve tissue
a. subcutaneous tissue
486
Skin gets its strength, form and flexibility from:
A. Collagen and keratin
B. Sebum and melanin
C. Keratin and elastin
D. Collagen and elastin
A. Collagen and keratin
487
A normal, healthy nail:
a. is completely inflexible
b. has a spotted surface
c. is shiny
d. is white and opaque
c. is shiny
487
The \_\_\_\_\_\_ is the whitish, half-moon shape at the base of the nail.
a. sidewall
b. lunula
c root
d. free edge
b. lunula
488
The portion of the living skin on which the nail plate sits is called the:
a. nail bed
b. cuticle
c. matrix
d. ligament
a. nail bed
489
A _______ is a tough band of fibrous tissue that connects bones or holds an organ in place.
a. muscle
b. ligament
c. tendon
d. nerve
b. ligament
489
The part of the nail plate that extends over the tip of the finger or toe is the:
a. free edge
b. matrix
c. bed epithelium
d. sidewall
a. free edge
490
The ______ is the fold of skin overlapping the side of the nail.
a. eponychium
b. hyponychium
c. nail groove
d. sidewall
d. sidewall
491
After an injury, infection or disease, the natural nail will return to its healthy growth as long as the ______ is healthy and undamaged.
a. lateral nail fold
b. lunula
c. matrix
d. nail plate
c. matrix
492
Replacement of the natural fingernail usually takes about:
a. 6-12 months
b. 4-6 months
c. 4-8 weeks
d. 2-8 months
b. 4-6 months
493
The fingernail on the ________ typically grows the slowest.
a. thumb
b. middle finger
c. pinkie finger
d. index finger
a. thumb
494
The nail has a water content between:
a. 10-15%
b. 1-5%
c. 20-45%
d. 15-25%
d. 15-25%
495
The _______ is relatively porous and will allow water to pass through.
a. nail bed
b. matrix
c. nail plate
d. eponychium
c. nail plate
496
The matrix contains:
a. lymph and blood vessels
b. nerves, lymph and blood vessels
c. water and blood vessels
d. water, lymph and blood vessels
b. nerves, lymph and blood vessels
497
A normal healthy nail is firm, flexible and should be:
a. smooth and unspotted
b. uneven and unspotted
c. long and unspotted
d. short and unspotted
a. smooth and unspotted
498
If a client has ridges running vertically down the length of the nail plate, it is recommended that you:
a. file them agressively
b. buff them carefully
c. thin the nail plate
d. refer them to a physician
b. buff them carefully
499
The medical term for fungal infections associated with the feet is:
a. tinea pathogenic
b. tinea pedis
c. tinea alopecia
d. paronychia
b. tinea pedis
500
The typical bacterial infection on the nail plate can be identified in the early stages as a ________ spot that becomes darker in its advanced stages.
a. orange-red
b. white-gray
c. blue-green
d. yellow-green
d. yellow-green
501
The separation and falling off of a nail from the nail bed is a sign of:
a. onychia
b. paronychia
c. onychomadesis
d. pyogenic granuloma
c. onychomadesis
502
Tiny pits or severe roughness on the surface of the nail are signs of which condition?
a. paronychia
b. onychocryptosis
c. nail psoriasis
d. onychomycosis
c. nail psoriasis
503
Splinter hemorrhages are caused by physical trauma or injury to the:
a. nail plate
b. nail bed
c. free edge
d. lunula
b. nail bed
504
The term __________ refers to a condition caused by injury or disease of the nail unit.
a. nail psoriasis
b. nail pterygium
c. nail disorder
d. nail service
c. nail disorder
505
Onychomadesis can affect:
a. only fingernails
b. only toenails
c. neither fingernails and toenails
d. both fingernails and toenails
d. both fingernails and toenails
506
The condition in which the living skin around the nail splits and tears is:
a. hangnail
b. Beau’s lines
c. melanonychia
d. onychophagy
a. hangnail
507
Inorganic chemistry is the study of substances that do not contain the element carbon, but may contain which element?
a. silicon
b. oxygen
c. hydrogen
d. nitrogen
c. hydrogen
508
A ______ is a substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances without loss of identity.
a. compound
b. ion
c. molecule
d. element
d. element
509
Chemically joining two or more atoms in definite proportions forms a:
a. acid
b. molecule
c. mixture
d. solvent
b. molecule
510
A ______ is a stable physical mixture of two or more substances.
a. solution
b. emulsion
c. compound
d. element
a. solution
511
Liquids are not capable of being mixed into stable solutions are considered:
a. emulsions
b. suspensions
c. miscible
d. immisicble
d. immisicble
511
A _______ is a substance dissolved into a solution.
a. solvent
b. alkali
c. solute
d. acid
c. solute
512
Solutions that contain undissolved particles that are visible to the naked eye are known as:
a. suspensions
b. mixtures
c. solutes
d. emulsions
a. suspensions
513
An _______ is a mixture of two or more immiscible substances untied with the aid of a binder.
a. suspension
b. emulsion
c. mixture
d. solution
b. emulsion
514
An ______ is a substance that acts as bridge to allow oil and water to mix or emulsify.
a. reducing agent
b. surfactant
c. anion
d. cation
b. surfactant
515
The tail of a surfactant molecule is oil-loving or:
a. miscible
b. immiscible
c. lipophilic
d. hyrophilic
c. lipophilic
516
Alpha hydroxy acids (AHAs):
a. are used to exfoliate skin
b. feel slippery on the skin
c. are also known as bases
d. are used to soften hair
a. are used to exfoliate skin
517
An exothermic chemical reaction:
a. produces a positive electrical charge
b. produces a negative electrical charge
c. absorbs heat
d. releases heat
d. releases heat
518
A substance that has a pH below 7.0 is considered to be:
a. combustible
b. neutral
c. acidic
d. alkaline
c. acidic
519
Which of these is NOT composed of organic chemicals?
A. pesticides
B. shampoos
C. synthetic fabrics
D. minerals
D. minerals
520
Alkanolamines are often used in place of ammonia because they:
a. produces less odor
b. are less expensive
c. have better texture
d. are much more effective
a. produces less odor
521
An oxidizing agent is a substance that releases:
a. hydrogen
b. nitrogen
c. oxygen
d. carbon
c. oxygen
522
Volatile organic compounds contain _______ and evaporate very easily.
a. carbon
b. hydrogen
c. oxygen
d. nitrogen
a. carbon
523
Electric wires are usually covered with a rubber substance that is used as a(n):
A. Insulator
B. Conductor
C. Circuit
D. Fuse
A. Insulator
524
A \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ is a device that changes direct current to alternating current.
A. Rectifier
B. Circuit breaker
C. Converter
D. Fuse box
C. Converter
525
The unit that measures the pressure or force that pushes the flow of electrons through a conductor is a(n):
A. Amp
B. Watt
C. Ohm
D. Volt
D. Volt
525
The term \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ refers to a rapid and interrupted current that flows in one direction then in the opposite direction.
A. Rectifier current
B. Alternating current
C. Active current
D. Direct current
B. Alternating current
526
D. VoltWhat unit measures the resistance of an electric current?
A. Ohm
B. Watt
C. Amp
D. Volt
A. Ohm
527
The device that prevents excessive current from passing through a circuit is called a(n):
A. Fuse
B. Battery
C. Kilowatt
D. Ampere
A. Fuse
528
A process that forces an alkaline product into the tissues from the negative toward the positive pole is called:
A. Cataphoresis
B. Anaphoresis
C. Iontophoresis
D. Micro current
B. Anaphoresis
529
In designing for clients with large or broad shoulders, the stylist should create styles with:
A. More volume
B. Less volume
C. More length
D. Darker colors
C. More length
530
Balance is described as creating equal or appropriate proportions to provide:
A. Width
B. Symmetry
C. Structure
D. Space
B. Symmetry
531
When opposite sides of a hairstyle have different lengths or different volume and appear to have equal visual weight, it is considered to have \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ balance.
A. Horizontal
B. Diagonal
C. Symmetrical
D. Asymmetrical
D. Asymmetrical
532
A recurrent pattern of movement in a design is referred to as:
A. Rhythm
B. Harmony
C. Focus
D. Balance
A. Rhythm
533
The area of design where the eye is drawn to first before traveling to the rest of the design is called the:
A. Balance
B. Axis
C. Emphasis
D. Apex
C. Emphasis
534
To offset or round out the features of a square facial shape, the aim would be to:
A. Create the illusion of width in the forehead
B. Add volume to the sides
C. Make the face seem shorter
D. Create volume between the temples and jaw
D. Create volume between the temples and jaw
535
The \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ profile has a receding forehead and chin.
A. Concave
B. Circular
C. Straight
D. Convex
D. Convex
536
The triangular section that begins at the apex or high point of the head and ends at the four corners is called the :
A. Crown area
B. Bang area
C. Line area
D. Convex area
B. Bang area
537
Design texture can be created temporarily with the use of:
A. Heat and/or wet styling techniques
B. Cold and/or wet styling techniques
C. Heat and/or dry styling techniques
D. Cold and/or dry styling techniques
A. Heat and/or wet styling techniques
538
Which of these is not a physical characteristic taken into account when designing an artistic and suitable hairstyle?
A. Body posture
B. Features
C. Age
D. Head shape
C. Age
539
Left natural, \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ hair may not support many styling options.
A. Medium, straight
B. Coarse, straight
C. Fine, straight
D. Fine, wavy
C. Fine, straight
540
Which type of hair offers the most versatility in styling?
A. Wavy, medium hair
B. Coarse, straight hair
C. Fine straight hair
D. Fine coarse hair
A. Wavy, medium hair
541
For ease of styling, \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ hair is generally best cut short.
A. Curly, medium
B. Curly, coarse
C. Extremely curly, coarse
D. Very curly, fine
D.Very curly, fine
542
Which of the following is classified as a universal solvent?
A. Salt
B. Soap
C. Lye
D. Water
D. Water
543
Small amounts of chlorine can be added to water to:
A. Kill bacteria
B. Add minerals
C. Soften the water
D. Harden the water
A. Kill bacteria
544
The ingredients on shampoo are listed in what order?
A. From largest to smallest percentage
B. From smallest to largest percentage
C. In order of weight
D. Alphabetical order
A. From largest to smallest percentag
545
A pH-balanced shampoo has a pH range from:
A. 3.0-3.5
B. 4.5-5.5
C. 6.0-7.0
D. 7.5-8.5
B. 4.5-5.5
546
Which of the following substances absorb moisture or promote the retention of moisture?
A. Proteins
B. Silicones
C. Humectants
D. Preservatives
C. Humectants
547
A \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ is designed to penetrate the cortex and reinforce the hair shaft from within, to temporarily reconstruct the hair.
A. Detangler
B. Balancing treatment
C. Color enhancer
D. Protein conditioner
D. Protein conditioner
548
Which of the following is used after a scalp treatment and before styling to remove oil accumulation?
A. Medicated scalp lotion
B. Scalp astringent lotion
C. Scalp conditioner
D. Leave-in conditioner
B. Scalp astringent lotion
549
Brushing of the hair should never be done prior to:
A. Chemical services
B. Shampoo services
C. Styling services
D. Conditioning services
A. Chemical services
550
The most highly recommended hairbrushes are those made from:
A. Nylon bristles
B. Plastic bristles
C. Natural bristles
D. Metal bristles
C. Natural bristles
551
What is the primary purpose of a shampoo service?
A. To recommend products
B. To cleanse the hair and scalp
C. To recommend services
D. To analyze the scalp
B. To cleanse the hair and scalp
552
High-frequency current should never be used on hair treated with tonics that contain:
A. Water
B. Alcohol
C. Oil
D. Conditioning agents
B. Alcohol
553
A scalp treatment used when there is a deficiency of natural
oil on the scalp should contain:
A. Mineral oil base products
B. Sulfonated oil base products
C. Strong soap preparations
D. Moisturizers and emollient ingredients
D. Moisturizers and emollient ingredients
554
Excessive oiliness is caused by:
A. Clogged pores
B. A fungus called malassezia
C. Overactive sebaceous glands
D. Inactive sebaceous glands
C. Overactive sebaceous glands
555
When working a shampoo into a lather, you should use:
A. The cushions of your fingertips
B. Your nails
C. Your palms
D. The sides of your fingers
A. The cushions of your fingertips
556
The primary difference between a relaxation massage and a treatment is:
A. The duration of the massage
B. The type of drape used
C. Your finger movements
D. The products you use
D. The products you use
557
What should be the primary consideration when selecting a shampoo?
A. The condition of the clients hair and scalp
B the amount of money the client is willing to pay
C. The type of shampoo you have the most of in stock
D. The type of service you are planning to perform after the shampoo
A. The condition of the clients hair and scalp
558
Color-enhancing shampoos are used to:
A. Dull the color or the hair
B. Add a great deal of color to the hair
C. Add brassiness to the hair
D. Eliminate unwanted color tones from the hair
D. Eliminate unwanted color tones from the hair
559
All of the following are types of conditioners except:
A. Leave-in
B. Rinse-out
C. Treatment or repair
D. Spray-on
D. Spray-on
560
Spray-thermal protectors safeguard against the harmful effects of \_\_\_\_\_ the hair.
A. Cutting
B. Shampooing
C. Conditioning
D. Blow drying
D. Blow drying
561
For a client with \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ hair, it is recommended that you use a gentle cleansing shampoo and a light leave-in conditioner.
A. Fine, damaged
B. Fine, straight
C. Curly, damaged
D. Curly, dry
A. Fine, damaged
562
Appropriate products for coarse, damaged, dry hair include all of the following except:
A. Deep-moisturizing
B. Leave-in conditioner
C. Spray-on thermal protective treatments
D. Deep-conditioning treatments and hair masks
C. Spray-on thermal protective treatments
563
Part one of the three-part procedure includes:
A. Helping your client through the scheduling and payment process
B. Performing the actual service the client requested
C. Cleaning and disinfecting your tools
D. Advising the client and promoting products
C. Cleaning and disinfecting your tools
564
You should wait until \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ before discussing your retail product recommendations.
A. A blow dryer is operating
B. The service is complete
C. The client consultation
D. The client has paid
B. The service is complete
565
Rainwater or chemically softened water that contains only a small amount of minerals is called:
A. Soft water
B. Hard water
C. Deionized water
D. Sparkling water
A. Soft water
566
A \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ procedure is one that may produce undesirable side effects.
A. Constrained
B. Contradicted
C. Contraindicated
D. Countermanded
C. Contraindicated
567
The reference point that signals a change in head shape from flat to round or vice versa is the :
a. crown area
b. occipital corner
c. four corners
d. parietal ridge
c. four corners
568
The straight lines used to build weight or create a one-length or low-elevation haircut are:
a. parallel lines
b. horizontal lines
c. weight lines
d. diagonal lines
b. horizontal lines
569
The straight lines used to remove weight or create graduated layers are:
a. cutting lines
b. diagonal lines
c. vertical lines
d. horizontal lines
c. vertical lines
570
For control during haircutting, the hair is divided into uniform working areas called:
a. foundations
b. uneven
c. parts
d. sections
d. sections
571
The angle at which the fingers are held when performing a haircut is the:
a. end shape
b. blunt cut
c. cutting line
d. perimeter line
c. cutting line
572
Which guideline is used when creating layers or a graduated cut?
a. traveling guide
b. outer guide
c. stationary guideline
d. shape guideline
a. traveling guide
573
The technique or combing hair away from its natural falling position, rather than straight out from the head toward a guideline, is called:
a. subsectioning
b. overdirection
c. traveling guidelines
d. undercutting
b. overdirection
574
For a client with a long face, the stylist would recommend a style that adds:
a. volume and height to the top
b. fullness on the sides
c. weight to the chin and front
d. fullness in length
b. fullness on the sides
575
To compensate for shrinkage associated with curly hair, the stylist should allow for shrinkage of:
a. 1/2”-2”
b. 1/4”-1”
c. 1/3”-1”
d. 1”-3”
a. 1/2”-2”
576
The direction that hair grows from the scalp into a natural falling position is the:
a. outermost perimeter
b. fringe area
c. parallel section
d. growth pattern
d. growth pattern
577
Which type of comb is used for close tapers in the scissors-over-comb technique?
a. wide tooth comb
b. barber comb
c. tail comb
d. styling comb
b. barber comb
578
The technique used to free up the dominant cutting hand to cut a subsection is called:
a. moving the shears
b. removing the shears
c. transferring the shears
d. working the shears
c. transferring the shears
579
The term used to describe the pressure applied to hair when combing or holding a subsection is:
a. tension
b. sectioning
c. elevation
d. angle
a. tension
580
When cutting hair, a general rule or thumb is to stand or sit:
a. directly behind the area you are cutting
b. directly in front of the area you are cutting
c. to the right of the area you are cutting
d. to the left of the area you are cutting
b. directly in front of the area you are cutting
581
The technique of cutting below the fingers or inside the knuckles using a horizontal cutting line creates:
a. uniform or increasing layers
b. a high level layered effect or a bi-level cut
c. a shorter layer haircut or a shag effect
d. a blunt haircut or heavier graduated haircut
d. a blunt haircut or heavier graduated haircut
582
The visual line in a haircut, where the ends of the hair hang together, is the:
a. guideline
b. weight line
c. graduated line
d. stationary line
b. weight line
583
Parting a haircut in the opposite way it was cut to check for precision of line and shape called:
a. cross-checking
b. consistent tension
c. mirror elevation
d. blunt cutting
a. cross-checking
584
For a blunt haircut, when using the wide teeth of a comb when cutting, comb the section first with the fine teeth and then:
a. change the position of the comb and comb with fine teeth
b. switch comb to alternate hand and comb with fine teeth
c. turn comb around and comb with wide teeth
d. turn the comb on its side and comb with fine teeth
c. turn comb around and comb with wide teeth
585
The term used to describe how hair is moved over the head is:
a. head form
b. distribution
c. fringe
d. weight line
b. distribution
586
A method of cutting or thinning hair where the fingers and shears glide along the edge of the hair to remove length is:
a. angle cutting
b. razor cutting
c. blunt cutting
d. slide cutting
d. slide cutting
587
The process of removing excess bulk or cutting for effect with out shortening hair length is known as:
a. blunt cutting
b. angle cutting
c. texturizing
d. compensating
c. texturizing
588
Thinning hair to graduated lengths using a sliding movement with shear blades partially open is called:
a. slithering
b. notching
c. point cutting
d. angle cutting
a. slithering
589
When performing the slicing technique on the surface of the haircut, it is best to work on:
a. damp hair
b. soapy hair
c. wet hair
d. dry hair
d. dry hair
590
When using the clipper-over-comb technique, the length is determined by the:
a. apex of the head
b. angle of the comb
c. size of the section
d. type of clipper used
b. angle of the comb
591
Haircuts ________ have often reflected a change in the thinking of the time.
a. in the last 50 years
b. in the last 100 years
c. throughout modern history
d. throughout history
d. throughout history
592
The ability to duplicate an existing haircut or create a new haircut from a photo will build a stronger professional relationship between the stylist and:
a. vendors
b. manager
c. clients
d. fellow stylists
c. clients
593
Elevation creates:
a. graduation and layers
b. cutting lines
c. casts and crowns
d. shrinkage
a. graduation and layers
594
The outer line of a cut is known as the:
a. parameter
b. guideline
c. cutting line
d. perimeter
d. perimeter
595
Shears should be sharpened:
a. whenever the sharpening technician comes to the salon
b. only as needed
c. every 3 months
d. every 6 months
b. only as needed
596
The clients hair should be _______ before the consultation.
a. uncleansed and styled
b. uncleansed and unstyled
c. cleansed and styled
d. cleansed and unstyled
d. cleansed and unstyled
597
You should use ________ tension when your goal is to create precise lines:
a. minimal
b. maximum
c. moderate
d. zero
b. maximum
598
A client consultation should be performed ________ every haircut.
a. before
b. after
c. during
d. before and after
a. before
599
Using a razor on ______ hair will weaken the cuticle and cause frizzing.
a. straight
b. fine
c. blond
d. curly
d. curly
600
A quick way to analyze a face shape is to determine if it is:
a. long or short
b. wide or narrow
c. wide or long
d. narrow or long
c. wide or long
601
A fine hair strand is much ________ that a coarse hair strand.
a. fatter
b. skinnier
c. darker in color
d. more difficult to cut
b. skinnier
602
Hair density is the number is individual strands on ________ of scalp.
a. 1/4 square inch
b. 1/3 square inch
c. 1/2 square inch
d. 1 square inch
d. 1 square inch
603
Clippers:
a. are mainly used when creating long haircuts
b. must never be used with out a guard
c. are mainly used to remove bulk from hair
d. may be used with guards of various lengths
d. may be used with guards of various lengths
604
Cast hears are usually _______ than forged shears.
a. less expensive to purchase
b. more expensive to produce
c. easier to bend back into shape
d. more dense
a. less expensive to purchase
605
The _______ on a pair of shears is designed to five you more control over the shear.
a. bumper
b. thumb hole
c. finger tang
d. pivot and adjustment area
c. finger tang
606
Your shears should be cleaned and lubricated once a:
a. day
b. week
c. month
d. year
b. week
607
Before purchasing a pair of shears, ensure that the company has authorized someone in your area to ______ the company’s shears.
a. clean
b. lubricate
c. polish
d. sharpen
d. sharpen
608
The first step in the hairstyling process should always be a:
a. cool water shampoo
b. draping procedure
c. client consultation
d. conditioning treatment
b. draping procedure
c. client consultation
609
Shaping and directing the hair into an S formation using a comb, lotion and the fingers is called:
a. hairstyling
b. finger waving
c. ridge curls
d. roller setting
b. finger waving
610
In creating horizontal finger waves, the waves are placed:
a. up and down the head
b. on the heavy side of the head
c. down and parallel
d. sideways and parallel around the head
d. sideways and parallel around the head
611
The stationary foundation of the a pin curl is the:
a. base
b. curl
c. section
d. stem
a. base
612
Pin curls that produce tight, firm, long-lasting curls and allow for minimum mobility are known as:
a. off-base pin curls
b. half -stem pin curls
c. on-base pin curls
d. no-stem pin curls
d. no-stem pin curls
613
Pin curls formed in a shaping should begin at the:
a. open end
b. closed side
c. odd side
d. shaping side
a. open end
614
Pin curl bases are referred to as rectangular, triangular, square or:
a. S-shaped
b. arc-based
c. no-base
d. circular
b. arc-based
615
Pin curl curls sliced from a shaping and formed without lifting the hair from the head are known as:
a. stem curls
b. design curls
c. carved curls
d. ridge curls
c. carved curls
616
The panel of hair on which a roller is placed is the:
a. stem
b. section
c. base
d. subsection
c. base
617
Hair between the scalp and the first turn of a roller is the:
a. curl
b. base
c. arc
d. stem
d. stem
618
The point where curls of opposite directions meet forming a recessed area is called the:
a. indentation
b. convex
c. divot
d. wave
a. indentation
619
To smooth hair that is backcombed, the teeth of the comb or brush should be held at a _______ pointing away from you.
a. 15-degree angle
b. 45-degree angle
c. 90-degree angle
d. 0-degree angle
b. 45-degree angle
620
Which type of styling product is also commonly known as mousse?
a. texturizers
b. holding spray
c. styling gel
d. foam
d. foam
621
A benefit of using ________ is that it offers firmer, longer hold for fine hair with the least amount of heaviness.
a. heavy gel with weight
b. holding spray
c. texturizers
d. pomade
c. texturizers
622
Which of these styling aids is applied to damp wavy or curling hair to create a straight look when the hair is blown dry?
a. foam
b. straightening gel
c. spray gel
d. mousse
b. straightening gel
623
To remove dirt, oils and product residue from the barrel of a thermal iron, use a dampened towel with a soapy solution containing a few drops of:
a. styling gel
b. peroxide
c. ammonia
d. conditioner
c. ammonia
624
Which of the following is a technique used to temporarily straighten extremely curly or unruly hair until the hair is shampooed?
a. hair pressing
b. blowdrying
c. thermal curling
d. deep cleansing
a. hair pressing
625
Applying a thermal pressing comb through the hair twice on each side to remove curl is a:
a. hard press
b. soft press
c. thermal press
d. medium press
a. hard press
626
A tight scalp can be made more flexible with hair brushing and the systematic use of:
a. conditioning masks and shampoos
b. scalp massage
c. conditioning
d. roller sets
b. scalp massage
627
When executing an updo, always inspect the shape you are building from every angle to ensure that it is:
a. smooth and flat
b. balanced and well-proportioned
c. elaborate and sturdy
d. soft and shiny
b. balanced and well-proportioned
627
After heating the iron to the desired temperature, you test it on:
a. the clients hair
b. your own hair
c. a piece of tissue paper
d. your finger
c. a piece of tissue paper
628
When using rollers, one and a half turns will create:
a. a wave
b. curls
c. a C-shape curl
d. cornrows
a. a wave
629
Hot rollers are to be used on:
a. wet hair only
b. damp hair only
c. dry hair only
d. wet or dry hair
c. dry hair only
630
Clients are most likely to request a pleat for:
a. a relaxing summer style
b. a warming winter style
c. casual activities
d. a special event
d. a special event
630
How long do velcro rollers need to stay in the hair?
a. 5 to 10 minutes
b. 10 to 15 minutes
c. 15 to 20 minutes
d. 20 to 30 minutes
a. 5 to 10 minutes
631
Wrapping can be done:
a. only on wet hair
b. only on dry hair
c. only on damp hair
d. on wet or dry hair
d. on wet or dry hair
632
The technique of drying and styling damp hair in one operation is called:
a. shaping
b. blowdry styling
c. unistyling
d. hair wrapping
b. blow-dry styling
633
The _______ is a nozzle attachment with a directional feature that creates a concentrated stream of air.
a. volumizer
b. stem
c. diffuser
d. concentrator
d. concentrator
634
Thermal waving is also known as:
a. thio waving
b. straight waving
c. Marcel waving
d. shell waving
c. Marcel waving
634
Nonelectrical thermal irons are commonly favored by stylists who cater to clients with ________ hair.
a. straight
b. wavy
c. curly
d. excessively curly
d. excessively curly
635
What is the best way to practice manipulative techniques with thermal irons?
a. rolling the cold iron in your hand first forward, then backward
b. rolling the cold iron in you hand first backward, then forward
c. rolling the warmed iron in your hand first forward, then backward
d. rolling the warmed iron in your hand first backward, the forward
a. rolling the cold iron in your hand first forward, then backward
635
Thermal curling is effective for all BUT which of the following?
a. straight hair
b. pressed hair
c. wigs made of nylon
d. wigs made of human hair
c. wigs made of nylon
635
End curls can be used to give a finished appearance to the ends of _________ hair.
a. long
b. medium
c. short
d. all of the above
d. all of the above
636
Full-based curls:
a. cannot be created with a thermal iron
b. provide a strong curl
c. provide a little volume
d. sit at the end of their base
b. provide a strong curl
636
Who can diagnose scalp skin disease?
a. a dermatologist
b. a cosmetologist
c. a dermatologist or cosmetologist
d. neither a dermatologist or cosmetologist
a. a dermatologist
637
Coarse, extremely curly hair:
a. requires extra heat to press
b. requires little hear to press
c. requires little pressure to press
d. has a small diameter
a. requires extra heat to press
637
When tempering a new pressing, you should NOT:
a. heat the comb until it is extremely hot
b. coat the comb in petroleum or pressing oil
c. cool the comb in the freezer
d. rinse the comb under hot running water to remove the oil
c. cool the comb in the freezer
638
Which of the following is usually recommended at the side front hairline for a smooth, upsweep effect?
a. barrel curls
b. rectangular base curls
c. cascade curls
d. square base pin curls
b. rectangular base curls
638
Which type of curls are usually recommended along the front or facial hairline to prevent breaks or splits in the finished hairstyle?
a. ridge curls
b. cascade curls
c. triangular base pin curls
d. rectangular base pin curls
c. triangular base pin curls
638
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