Cosmological Argument

Question 1

Who made the Cosmological Argument?

Answer 1

Aqainas

Question 2

What was A’s first argument for the Cos Argument?

Answer 2

Argument from Motion - Objects are in motion, everything in motion was put in motion by something else
there can’t be an infinite regress of movers
There must be a first mover, an unmoved mover which is God

Question 3

What was A’s SECOND argument for the Cos Argument?

Answer 3

Argument from Causation: Some things are caused, anything that’s caused has to be caused by something else (nothing causes itself), there can’t be an infinite regress of causes
There must have been a first, uncaused causer being God

Question 4

What was A’s THIRD argument for the Cos Argument?

Answer 4

Argument from Contingency or Dependency Argument:
“we can’t have a world where everything is contingent, because then - by definition - it all could easily have never existed” - therefore a nescisary being is needed. A being that has always existed and cannot not exist.
A contingent being is any being that could have not existed (like us, the world would go on if we didn’t exist)

Question 5

What is Russel’s criticism of the Cos Argument?

Answer 5

He argues way 3 commits the fallacy of composition.
Fallacy - failure in reasoning which makes argument invalid.
Fallacy of composition is the fallacy of inferring that something is true of the whole from the fact that it is true of part of the whole
Hydrogen or oxygen is not wet, therefore water (H20) is not wet.
Russel rejects: every single event in the universe has a cause, therefore universe as a whole has cause

Question 6

What is RUSSEL AND HUME’s criticism of the Cos Argument?

Answer 6

They reject the claim that any being can be nescisary.
There was one point where we didn’t exist, this is true with God also, why can’t we say that God doesn’t exist, because we don’t have proof wether he does or doesn’t.
Hume says A’s statement is based synthetic (on sense experience), not analytic (logically true)